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    Effects of essential oil mixtures on expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in geese (Anser anser)
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Aydın, Özlem Durna; Hitit, Mustafa; Usta, Zafer; Yıldız, Gültekin; Saçaklı, Pınar; Kaplan, Oktay; Merhan, Oğuz
    The use of essential oils has recently increased in the poultry sector. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of essential oil mixture (juniper, mint, oregano and rosemary oil) on fatty acid oxidation and lipogenic gene expression in geese. Research groups were formed as C (control; no additives), EK1 (0.4 ml/l essential oil mixture supplemented) and EK2 (0.8 ml/l essential oil mixture supplemented). Relative expression levels of genes included in lipogenesis (ACCα, ChREBP, FASN, LXRα and SREBP-1) expression levels of genes included in fatty acid oxidation (ACOX1, CPT1, CPT1A, PPARα and PPARγ) were measured using RT-qPCR. Group EK1 upregulates the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis such as ACCα, ChREBP and SREBP-1, while it downregulates the mRNA expression in levels of all genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Group EK2 increases the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis such as ACCα, FASN and SREBP-1, while it decreased mRNA expression at the levels of all genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, as in the other group. In the study, adding an essential oil mixture to drinking water is predicted to increase fatty liver because it upregulates genes related to fat synthesis (lipogenesis) and downregulates genes related to fat degradation (fatty acid oxidation).
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    The effects of severe hypoxia on nitric oxide parameters ihypoxia-tolerant rodent: Nannospalax nehringi
    (Veteriner Fakultesi Dergis, 2019) Yıldız, Barış; Kamiloǧlu, Nadide Nabil; Öǧün, Metin; Öziç, Cem; Merhan, Oğuz; Mecit, Tarık; Coşkun, Yüksel
    Blind mole rats (BMRs) are solitary rodents which are tolerant to severe hypoxia. The aim of this study is to reveal the changes in nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide enzymes (NOS), which are involved in many physiological and pathological processes related with hypoxia, in BMRs under severe hypoxia. For this purpose, 12 subadult (11-15 moths) male Nannospalax nehringi were captured in Kars location. Captured BMRs were divided into two groups as Normoxic (NG) and Hypoxic (HG) randomly (n=6). NG were kept in completely dark, normoxic conditions for 52 h. HG were kept inside completely dark glovebox chamber with 7% oxygen flow for 52 h. After experimental protocol, NG were sacrificed under normoxic conditions and HG were sacrificed inside glovebox chamber with 7% oxygen. NO, iNOS, eNOS, nNOS and MDA levels of plasm and homogenized tissue samples were detected spectrophotometrically. All parameters of each sample were found to be high in HG compared to NG. But especially, NO was high in the lung tissues of HG. Additionally eNOS level of the kidney, liver and lung, iNOS levels of the liver and eNOS, and nNOS levels of the brain were found to be markedly high. Consequently, our data on NO and NOS enzyme production in Nannospalax nehringi tissues under hypoxia are compatible with the data obtained from other animals, but it contains differences in some points. We believe that these differences are different evolutionary adaptations of BMRs to hypoxia..