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    Comparative phytochemical and bioactivity studies on two related Scorzonera L. species: A chemotaxonomic contribution
    (Elsevier, 2023) Şahin, Hasan; Demir, Serhat; Boğa, Mehmet; Sarı, Aynur; Makbul, Serdar; Gültepe, Mutlu
    Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) is considered a taxonomically difficult genus with its more than 160 species. Scorzonera bella (SB) and S. veratrifolia (SV) species have been treated as synonyms since 1975. Recent botanical studies suggested the separation of the two taxa based on phenetic dissimilarities. Isolation, LC-MS/MS (including 53 phytochemicals as standard), and GC-MS (followed by library search) analyzes were conducted on the aerial parts of the plants to compare their phytochemical compositions and contribute to the classification of the two taxa. While flavonoid profile of SB was dominated by flavones, the majority of SV consisted of flavonols, among the analyzed standards. Nicotiflorin, the most abundant compound of SV, was the most notable difference which was not determined in SB. Kaempferol glycosides might be chemotaxonomic markers for the classification at subgenus levels. Caffeoylquinic acid esters were in common and similar amounts according to profiling and isolation results. Phytochemical compositions of nonpolar fractions of the plants differed significantly in phthalic acid esters, ursane, and hopane type triterpenoids which were only determined in SV. Phytochemical findings supported the separation of the two taxa. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-hyperpigmentation potentials of the plants were evaluated in-vitro.
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    A Comprehensive study on a medicinal and edible plant scorzonera incisa DC., discussing the natural limits of phytochemical profiling
    (Wiley, 2023) Şahin, Hasan; Demir, Serhat; Boğa, Mehmet; Sarı, Aynur; Makbul, Serdar; Coşkunçelebi, Kamil
    Leaves of Scorzonera incisa DC. (Asteraceae) are eaten raw against diabetes and headache. Evaluation of medicinal, edible plants using profiling methods has become a common phenomenon. Petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), and nbutanol (BU) fractions were prepared from ethanol extract of the aerial parts of the plant. Isolation by HPLC and phenolic profiling by validated LC-MS/MS method with 53 compounds were conducted on the EA fraction. GC-MS method was used to profile the PE fraction. In-vitro inhibitory activities of all fractions against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE, BChE, tyrosinase and urease enzymes were measured. Isoorientin, vitexin, cynaroside and chlorogenic acid were isolated and characterized from the EA fraction as major compounds. LC-MS/MS analysis quantified 36 compounds in the EA fraction. 20 compounds were tentatively determined in the PE fraction. Compounds with the same molecular and fragment ions, a low percentage of identified compounds, and very close polarities were revealed to be some limits of the nature for LC-MS/MS profiling. Particularly, the presence and amount of substances other than the standard compounds used in the profiling methods and possible misdetections should not be neglected in evaluating medicinal plants and establishing a correlation between compounds and bioactivity.