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Öğe Blooming stages of Turkish hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) affect essential oil composition(Taylor & Francis As, 2008) Kizil, Suleyman; Toncer, Ozlem; Ipek, Arif; Arslan, Neset; Saglam, Sevil; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodHyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), native to the Caucasus, North Western Iran, Turkish North Eastern Black Sea region, and Southern Anatolia, is a highly valued medicinal plant. The experiment was conducted to find the effect of harvesting at different blooming stages of the plant on fresh and dry herbage yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content, and essential oil components. In total, twenty-nine components were identified in hyssop essential oil by GC/MS. Isopinocamphone was the dominating component (47.9 51.4%) in the all analysed oil samples. The results clearly demonstrated that oil contents are seriously affected by the environmental conditions and stage of blooming, with the highest oil yield and oil contents at the post-blooming stage.Öğe Bulblets regeneration from in vitro improved leaf of Fritillaria imperialis L. and F. persica L.(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Kizil, Suleyman; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Sesiz, Ugur[Abstract Not Available]Öğe DIRECT BULBLET REGENERATION FROM STERNBERGIA FISCHERIANA (HERB.) RUPR. BULB SCALE EXPLANTS(Sejani Publ, 2014) Kizil, Suleyman; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Altuntas, Cigdem; Saglam, SevilAttractive golden yellow flowered Sternbergia fischeriana (Herb.) Rupr. multiplies very slow under natural conditions. The study reports multiplication of plants using 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm long bulb scale explants with two, three, four, and five scales attached by a thin base plate segment. Any concentration of 2,4-D 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mg l(-1) in MS medium was ineffective to induce bulblet regeneration on any explant at 15 degrees +/- 1 degrees C. Discursive induction of one or two 0.1 cm diameter bulblets was noted at 24 +/- 1 degrees C on 0.5 cm long two-scale explants. Variable regeneration was observed on 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm long two-scale explants on MS basal medium containing combination of BAP and 0.2 mg l(-1) NAA. Maximum number of 5.0 +/- 0.5 bulblets per 0.5 cm long two-scale bulb explant was obtained on MS medium containing 8.5 mg l(-1) BAP plus 0.20 mg l(-1) NAA. The rooting as affected by the size of bulblet was achieved on MS medium containing 0.75 mg l(-1) NAA. The highest rooting was recorded on 0.47 cm diameter bulblets with 4.3 +/- 0.9 roots per bulblet and 3.7 +/- 0.4 cm long roots.Öğe Effect of different developing stages on some agronomical characteristics and essential oil composition of oregano (Origanum onites)(Rsnz Publishing, 2008) Kizil, Sueleyman; Ipek, Arif; Arslan, Neet; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodThis study reports effects of three plant development stages (pre-flowering, full flowering, and post-flowering) of oregano (Origanum onites) on plant height, fresh herbage yield, dry herbage yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content, and essential oil yield. The results showed that the highest fresh, dry herbage, and dry leaf yield were obtained at the post-flowering stage. However, dry leaf and essential oil yield showed a variation between 4.45-5.68 t ha(-1) and 119.3-190.1 litre ha(-1), respectively. Essential oil content was significantly affected by plant development stages and the highest oil content (3.65%) was obtained at the full flowering stage. The major components of essential oil were determined as carvacrol (42.12-57.0%), thymol (13.21-21.88%), and linalool (8.23-20.28%).Öğe EFFECT OF PLANTING DEPTHS ON SOME AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ALLIUM TUNCELIANUM(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2015) Kizil, Suleyman; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodAllium tuncelianum [(Kollman) N. Ozhatay, B. Mathew & Siraneci] (Syn: A. macrochaetum Boiss. and Hausskn. subsp. tuncelianum Kaman) is an endemic plant species and has been proposed as the wild ancestor of garlic. This study reports agronomic and morphological feature of a field experiment conducted during October 2013 to July 2014 under arid conditions of Turkish province of Diyarbakir to investigate the effect of 7.5 and 15 cm planting depth on morphological features of the plant. The experimental results indicated significantly positive effects of shallow sowing (7.5 cm depth) on vegetative characteristics like plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, bulb circumference, bulb diameter, number of bulbils per plant and bulb weight compared to deep sown (15 cm) bulbs. Flower diameter values varied between 5.74 and 6.07 cm, bulb diameter 2.79 and 3.06 cm and bulb weight between 21.01 and 23.67 g, respectively. Deep sowing had positive effects on generative characteristics like leaf width, number of leaves per bulb, length of leafless stems and inflorescence diameter.Öğe Effects of different planting dates on improving yield of Fritillaria imperialis L. and Fritillaria persica L. bulbs damaged by small narcissus fly (Eumerus strigatus Fallen)(Academic Journals, 2008) Kizil, Sueleyman; Arslan, Neset; Oelmez-Bayhan, Selime; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodFritillaria imperialis and F. persica were planted during April 2003 and May 2004 growing seasons on the basis of split block design with three replications to investigate the effects of planting dates on various plant parameters and extent of recovery by planting 25% damaged bulbs. The results showed significant effects of planting dates on plant height, number of bulbs per plant and infected bulb ratio. A comparison of the two species showed that F. persica gave more bulblets than F. imperialis. A general comparison of the two species also showed that damaged bulbs of F. imperialis produced lesser yield compared to F. persica. Furthermore, both species gave more number of bulblets from early and mid September plantings compared to early and mid October plantings. The most suitable date of planting was determined as September 1st and 15th.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND INCUBATION TEMPERATURES ON GERMINATION AND BULB FORMATION OF FRITILLARIA PERSICA L.(Sejani Publ, 2014) Kizil, Suleyman; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodFritillaria persica L. with large attractive flowers is native to Western Asian countries of the Middle East including Turkey. Wild populations of this species have shown sharp decrease during last few decades due to habitat destruction for number of socio-economical and anthropological reasons. F. persica is propagated through bulbs and seeds. The seeds have significantly high dormancy such that few seeds germinate under natural conditions. Therefore, this study developed a seed dormancy break protocol using MS medium containing variants of BAP with and without IBA incubated at 4 C in dark. Maximum seed dormancy break (80.00 +/- 0.14%) was registered on MS medium enriched with 2.0 mg l(-1) BAP plus 1.0 mg l(-1) IBA and maximum bulblet induction (40.0 0 +/- 0.71) was noted on MS medium containing 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP plus 1.0 mg l(-1) IBA. Similarly, alternating incubation temperatures of 4 degrees and 10 degrees C for variable durations in days influenced seed germination and bulblet induction variably with 100% seed germination and bulblet induction at 75 days incubation at 4 degrees C followed by 15 days incubation at 10 degrees C. The results also suggested that minimum incubation period of 30 days at 4 degrees C followed by incubation at 10 degrees C for 60 days was required to break seed dormancy. The increase in bulblet diameter was achieved on MS medium containing 50 mg l(-1) sucrose by incubating the bulblets at 4 degrees C for 30 days. Rooting of the Fritillaria bulblets was obtained on MS medium enriched with 0.5 mg l(-1) NAA. This propagation method could be exploited practically avoiding any seasonal constraints to obtain plant material and suggests a positive step further for in vitro propagation of F. persica.Öğe Effects of sowing periods and P application rates on yield and oil composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)(Wfl Publ, 2008) Kizil, Sueleyman; Kirici, Saliha; Cakmak, Oezlem; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodThe study reports effects of winter and spring sowings and 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha(-1) triple super phosphate (P) application on yield, yield components and fatty acid composition of black cumin during 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 at Diyarbakir, Turkey. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were extracted from the reaction vials with hexane. The GC (gas chromatography) analysis was carried out by means of a Varian 3400 apparatus equipped with Supelcowax-10 fused silica capillary column. The results showed that vegetative growth period was the major and meteorological conditions and P doses were the minor factors controlling yield components; such that winter sowing resulted in maximum seed yield (1037 to 1534 kg ha-1), fatty oil content (30.2 to 37.9%) and essential oil content (0.31 to 0.56%). Major constituents of fatty oil were determined as linoleic, palmitic and oleic acid. The percentage of linoleic acid was determined between 43.34 and 51.50%.Öğe EFFICIENT MASS PROPAGATION OF ORIGANUM ACUTIDENS (HAND-MAZZ.) IETSWAART UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS(Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2017) Kizil, Suleyman; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodThis study describes germination of Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) letswaart seeds followed by micropropagation from stem nodes of 58 days old seedlings that were cultured on MS basal medium containing 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 mg/I BAP with or without 0.5 mg/I NAA cultured at 24 degrees C 1 degrees C under cool white fluorescent lights with 16 hrs light (42 Mol photons/m(2)/s) photoperiod. The results showed maximum number of 10.28 shoots per explant on MS medium containing 0.8 mg/I BAP. Comparing regeneration on MS medium containing various concentrations of BAP with and without 0.5 mg/1 NAA; it was noted that shoot regeneration on MS medium containing BAP + NAA was partially inhibitory and induced comparatively reduced number of shoots per explant. Well developed shoots of 0. acutidens on each concentration of BAP with or without NAA were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 0.75 mg/I NAA. The rooted plantlets-were acclimatised in pots, followed by transfer to fields, where they bloomed and set seeds. The results suggest efficient practical production of the plant species for commercial purposes.Öğe Güneydoğu ve doğu anadolu bölgelerinede yayılış gösteren ve ekonomik öneme sahip bazı soğanlı bitkilerin yetiştirilme ve çoğalma olanaklarının araştırılması(2014) Tonçer, Özlem; Sağlam, Sevil; Güger, Murat Timur; Ertekın, A. Selçuk; Sesiz, Uğur; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Kızıl, Süleyman[Abstract Not Available]Öğe IMPROVED in vitro PROPAGATION OF Hyacinthus orientalis L. USING FRUITS CONTAINING IMMATURE ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS AND TENDER LEAF SHEATH AS EXPLANTS(Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2016) Kizil, Suleyman; Sesiz, Ugur; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodHyacinthus genus is an important group of ornamental plants that bear white, yellow, pink, red or purple coloured flowers. It has about 2000 species spread around the world that are grown commercially. Although, plant occurs naturally in Turkey yet efforts have not been made to adapt it for open field cultivation. There is need to transfer and establish these plants from wild to fields for commercial use through in vitro and ex vitro approaches, that will help local economy profitably. This study reports in vitro culture of Hyacinthus orientalis L. subsp. orientalis; using fruits containing immature zygotic embryos cultured on MS medium containing varying concentrations of Thidiazuron (TDZ) with and without 0.2 mg l(-1) naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) supplemented with 20 or 40 g l(-1) sucrose. The study also reports induction of bulblets on tender leaf sheaths on MS medium containing different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.1 mg l(-1) NAA supplemented with 30 g l(-1) sucrose. The maximum bulblet regeneration (40%) with 31.33 bulblets/explant was noted on MS medium containing 0.15 mg l(-1) TDZ supplemented with 40 g l(-1) sucrose. Whereas, the best bulblet regeneration on tender leaf sheath explants was noted on 1.5 mg l(-1) BAP + 0.1 mg l(-1) NAA with 2.97 bulblets per explant of 0.55 cm bulb diameter and 1.20 leaves per bulblet. These bulblets were cultured singly on MS medium containing 20 mg l(-1) GA(3) (Gibberellic acid) + 50 g l(-1) sucrose and attained a diameter of 0.75-1.00 cm in 30 days time. The bulbs regenerated on both explants were successfully rooted and acclimatised in plant growth chamber using peat moss followed by their transfer to open field conditions.Öğe Improving seed germination and bulb induction of Allium tuncelianum kolmann under aseptic conditions(Gültekin ÖZDEMİR, 2024) Kızıl, Süleyman; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodAllium tuncelianum (Kollman) N. Ozhatay, B. Mathew & Siraneci] or Tunceli garlic is endemic to the Eastern Turkish Provinces of Tunceli, Sivas Erzincan and [Munzur mountains]. They are edible and bear attractive deep lilac colored flowers with fertile black deep dormant seeds. Tunceli garlic seeds were collected from field-grown plants and aimed to break seed dormancy to optimize conditions for induction of bulblets, along with their growth, development, and increased bulb diameter. Therefore, these were cultured on MS medium amended with different strengths of KNO3. They were germinated on MS medium with or without 20 g L-1 sucrose followed by their culture on 1, 2, 4 and 6 × KNO3 (found in MS medium) to increase bulb diameter. Improved seed germination was noted on MS medium with and without sucrose but with variation compared to the previous reports. The bulb formation rate on each of the germinated seeds was not parallel. The results showed 34 and 28.5% bulb induction noted on germinated seeds after 150 and 158 days on MS medium containing 20 g L-1 sucrose and no sucrose in the same sequence. The results emphatically noted the role of cold stratification on agar-solidified MS medium supplemented with sucrose to improve seed germination. The best increase in bulb diameter was noted on MS medium containing 1 × KNO3 (found in MS medium) after 178 days with bulblet diameter and weight of 0.54 cm and 0.048 g, respectively. Consequently, the bulbs induced on sucrose-containing MS medium could be transferred to pots earlier. Increased (>1 × KNO3 found in MS medium) negatively affected on the growth and development of Tunceli garlic bulbs. The strategy of seed germination and bulblet induction reported in this study could be positively used to conserve and protect this endemic plant species.Öğe INTRODUCTION OF ENDEMIC Allium tuncelianum KOLLMAN FROM HOT AND TEMPERATE CLIMATE TO SEMI-ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2017) Kizil, Suleyman; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodAllium tuncelianum (Tunceli garlic) is a single cloved important threatened endemic geophyte of high commercial importance that grows scattered on hot temperate mountains under oak trees in the eastern Turkish province of Tunceli. Tunceli garlic is used diversely in salads, foods and in pharmaceutical industry. They also offer a rich choice for their use in rock gardens and landscaping. There is need to develop appropriate agronomic practices for its propagation outside its habitat. In line with this objective, the study optimized planting time (1 st September, 15 th September and 1 st October) of A. tuncelianum on mild alkaline soils under semi-arid climatic conditions of Diyarbakir, Turkey. The results of the study showed positive gain in morphological characteristics such that bulb diameter of the plants changed between 3.43 to 4.60 cm, bulb circumference ranged 14.4 to 16.1 cm and bulb weight had a range of 35.9 and 46.3 g. These results underscore positive effects of early and mid September plantings of Tunceli garlic outside its habitat under semi-arid conditions for economic production with early harvest.Öğe Microelement Contents and Fatty Acid Compositions of some Isatis Species Seeds(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2009) Kizil, Sueleyman; Turk, Murat; Cakmak, Oezlem; Ozguven, Mensure; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodIsatis species are important biennial, herbaceous shrubs represented by 40 taxa, of which 24 are endemic to Turkey. The chemical compounds found in leaves and roots of all Isatis species have medicinal properties and arc used for treatment of a wide range of disorders. No study reports seed characteristics, microelement contents and fatty acid compositions of the seeds of any Isatis species except I. tinctoria. Therefore the study was carried out to find seed fatty oil, fatty acid compositions protein content, characteristics, and microelement contents of I. aucheri, I. cochlearis, I. constricta, I. demiriziana (endemic), I glauca and I. lusitanica. The results showed fatty oil and protein content of these species in range of 2 to 10% and 16.07 to 25.17%, respectively. Furthermore, these seeds were rich in microelements Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and P. Major fatty oil components of these species were determined as erucic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid; such that erucic acid content of these species ranged 16.94 to 30.52%.Öğe PLASTICITY AND ADAPTABILITY OF TUNCELI GARLIC (Allium tuncelianum KOLLMAN) UNDER SEMIARID ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SOUTH-EAST ANATOLIA(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Kizil, Suleyman; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodTurkey, with important cultural heritage and rich history and enormous plant diversityhas poor agricultural practices that are making difficult to conserve many of the endemic local plant taxon. The soil conservation practices are not sufficient as the farming practices are more often sowing of soil depleting rather conserving. Allium tuncelianum (Kollman) Ozhatay, Matthew & S iranecivernacular Tuncelisarmsagi is an endemic specie of garlic native to the Eastern Anatolian province Tunceli, where temperate climate is dominant and the people in general and farmers in particular are not well aware of good farming practices. There is need to develop and introduce more new practical propagation and multiplication approaches for its conservation at naturalhabitat and outside without endangering surrounding environment. This study reports effect of four planting densities andintra-row spacingon some agronomical characteristics of A. tuncelianum yield and some agronomic characteristics. The study was carried under warm semi-arid ecological climatic conditions of Southeast Anatolia ensuring minimum soil depletion effects on the environment. Yield components like plant height, leaf length, leaf width, bulb diameter, flower inflorescence, bulb weight and number of scales onbulb changedsignificantly with range of 101.3-115.8 cm, 37.2-40.4 cm, 2.55-1.61 cm, 3.47-3.85 cm, 8.90-8.87 cm, 36.0-48.1 g and 1.67-1.71 respectively. These values did not show a significant difference with the yield component values at original habitat of the plant at Tunceli. The results of the study are very encouraging and suggest that the plant has large and increased plasticity with easy tolerance and adjustment for differences in climatic without significant loss in yield.Öğe Some Agronomical Characteristics and Essential Oil Content of Oregano (Origanum onites L.) as Influenced by Planting Densities(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Kizil, Sueleyman; Ipek, Arif; Arslan, Neset; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodOregano (Origanum onites L.) a highly valued medicinal plant, is rich in essential oil. The objective of the experiment was to determine the relative importance of planting densities on yield components and essential oil components of O. onites under semi and rain fed conditions of South East Anatolian Turkey. Plant densities and environmental conditions affected growth components, essential oil percentage and essential oil yield variabilty. The results suggested variation among fresh and dry herb yield, dry leaf yield and essential oil composition in O. onites during two years of experimentation. Totally-twenty-six components were identified in the oregano essential oil by GC-MS. Carvacrol (39.6 - 52.2 %) dominated all components identified in the essential oils. 45 x 20 cm plant density showed economical optimum herbage and oil yield on the non-calcareous and soils of Diyarbakir in the Southeastern Anatolian Turkey.
