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    APPLICABILITY OF CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS AS YIELD PREDICTOR IN DURUM WHEAT
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2010) Yildirim, Mehmet; Kilic, Hasan; Kendal, Enver; Karahan, Turan
    Chlorophyll meter (SPAD) readings can play an important role in selecting promising lines for wheat breeding. Twenty five durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes were grown under irrigated and rainfed conditions at two locations in Diyarbakir, Turkey during 2005 and 2006. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation in SPAD readings, and to determine relationships among SPAD readings, grain yield, grain quality and yield parameters. SPAD readings were taken at heading and grain middle milky stages. SPAD readings exhibited greater genotypic variance compared with grain yield and protein content. Genotype by environment interaction variance did not associate with SPAD readings and, grain yield. At both measuring stages there were positive correlations between SPAD and grain yield. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield under both rainfed and irrigated conditions was mostly determined by grain number. These results suggest that SPAD readings can be used as selection criteria to select durum wheat genotypes that are high yielding but without any decrease in grain protein content.
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    ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS IN TRITICALE USING GGE BIPLOT AND AMMI ANALYSIS
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2016) Kendal, Enver; Sayar, Mehmet Salih; Tekdal, Sertac; Aktas, Husnu; Karaman, Mehmet
    We examined the effects of late spring frost on grain yield (GY) and quality of spring triticale ( x Triticosecale) genotypes, based on genotype plus genotype x environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis. The study included a total of 25 genotypes, including 20 advanced lines, 3 triticale varieties, and 2 candidate lines. The genotypes were evaluated for GY and quality traits during the 2012/2013 (normal season) and 2013/2014 (late spring frost) seasons. We observed significant differences between seasons for GY and quality traits, as affected by changing environmental conditions over the two seasons. Late spring frost caused a statistically significant 50% reduction in GY, 7.1% reduction in test weight (TW), and 26.1% reduction in thousand grain weight (TGW); however, it positively affected protein content (PC), and it increased by 42.6%. We observed that early heading genotypes were differently affected by late spring frost, compared to late maturing genotypes, in terms of GY, TW, and TOW. The GGE biplot analysis highlighted three and four distinct groups of traits in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons, respectively. Results from the GGE biplot analysis revealed that G12 and G16 were stable and ideal genotypes for all of the traits in the 2012/2013 season, and G 10 and G23 were stable and ideal for the 2013/2014 season. In addition, G10 was the best genotype averaged over the two growing seasons. The genotypes G9, G13, and 017 were more stable and higher yielding, based on Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis, compared to the remaining genotypes.
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    Farklı fenolojik özelliklere sahip durum buğday genotiplerinin süne (Eurygaster integriceps Put ) zararına mukavemet bakımından değerlendirilmesi
    (Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2018) Kılıç, Hasan; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Kendal, Enver; Altıkat, Ahmet; Karahan, Turan; Karaca, Vedat; Mutlu, Çetin; Duman, Mehmet
    Süne (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde buğdayın kalite ve verimini sınırlayan önemli bir zararlıdır. Dayanıklı çeşitlerin kullanılması Entegre Zararlı Yönetimi IPM) için etkili bir stratejidir. Çalışma, Diyarbakır ekolojik şartlarında bazı durum buğday (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum)genotiplerinin süne zararına tepkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla kafes sisteminde 2014-2016 yetişme sezonlarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada ele alınan 8 durum genotipine ait tane verimi (TV) ile birlikte, başaklanma süresi (BS),bitki boyu (BB), m2 ’de başak sayısı (BBS), bin tane ağırlığı (BTA), hektolitre ağırlığı (HL), başakta tanesayısı (BTS),bayrak yaprak klorofil içeriği (KLF), başak yoğunluğu (BY),büyüme şekli (BŞ), kın mumsuluğu (KN), sapa kalkma süresi (SKS), ergin süne sayısı (BBS) ve tanede emgi oranı (EO); kalite özelliklerinden bin tane ağırlığı (BTA), camsı tane oranı (CT), SDS sedimentasyon (SDS), yaş glüten (YŞ), glüten indeksi (Gİ), irmik rengi (b), irmik verimi (IV), relaxationBU(RLX) ve stretch-BU (STR) ile bu özellikler arası ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda EO bakımından en düşük değerler 2005-06yetişme sezonunda%3.9 ile Fırat-93 çeşidinden elde edilirken, en yüksek değerise %31.6 ile yerelBağacakpopulasyonundan elde edilmiştir. Özellikleri arası ilişkiyi ifade eden biplot analizlerinde KLF, SDS, PO, CT, IV ve b değerleri ile EO ve SS arasında negatif; SKS, BŞ ve BS ile EO ve SS arasında ise pozitifi ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Ele alınan diğer özellikler ile EO ve SS arasında ise önemli bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir.
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    Identify of macro and trace elements in grain  of some barley varieties and interpretation zwith biplot technique
    (University of Montenegro, 2021) Düzgün, Mehmet; Kendal, Enver; Düz, Mehmet Zahir; Hatipoğlu, Abdülkerim
    The purpose of this study was to determine the content of some macro and trace elements in grain of spring barley cultivars, and to state the relationships between those elements. In this study macro and trace elements (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Si, Sn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, V, Pb, As and Se) of barley cultivars were determined by inductively coupled plasma optic emission spektometry (ICP-OES) using grain. The grain samples were digested by microwave system, as well as. As and Se were determined by hydride system. The result of study showed that the content Si of barley cultivars are quite high, however, the concentrations toxic heavy metals of Cd, Pb and as were determined to be below the limit values. The biplot indicated that three group occurred among macro and trace element and the correlation of Zn with Sn, Cr with Ca and Fe, Ca with Fe and Pb was significant and positively, while V with Si was significant and negatively. On the other hand, the study showed that Samyeli is the best cultivar based on macro and trace element concentrations and this variety can be used in animal husbandry.
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    Lice domatesi üretim alanlarındaki yabancı otların belirlenmesi
    (Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2014) Özaslan, Cumali; Kendal, Enver
    Diyarbakır ili Lice ilçesinde yetiştirilen ve ilçeden adını alan sofralık yerel bir domates çeşidi olan Licedomatesi kendine has rengi ve tadıyla bölgede tercih edilmektedir. Lice domatesinin bölgede tercih edilmesidağların arasında uzanan serin ve geniş vadileri ile ünlü ilçenin domates yetiştiriciliği için uygun olması veüretim aşamalarında hemen hemen hiç kimyasala (gübre ve pestisit) yer verilmemesidir. Ekolojik koşulların veüretim şeklinin bir sonucu olarak Licede domates ekim alanlarında görülen bitki koruma sorunlarından biri deyabancı otlardır. Bu çalışmada Lice domatesi üretim alanlarda sorun olan yabancı ot türleri ile bunların yoğunlukve yaygınlıklarının belirlenmesi hedefenmiştir. Bu amaçla 2012 Lice merkez dâhil 19 köyde, toplam 83 tarladasürvey gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda sürvey alanlarında 17 familyaya ait 4ü cins, 28i tür düzeyindeolmak üzere toplam 32 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bölgede Amaranthus retrofexus L. (horozibiği) (4,63 bitki m-2),Convolvulus arvensis L. (tarla sarmaşığı) (4,09 bitki m-2) , Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (kanyaş) (4,06 bitki m-2),Solanum nigrum L. (köpek üzümü) (3,37 bitki m-2), Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. (benekli darıcan)(3,04 bitki m-2), Chenopodium album L. (kazayağı) (1,88 bitki m-2), Portulaca oleracea L. (semizotu) (1,73 bitkim-2), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B. (darıcan) (1,72 bitki m-2) ile parazitik yabancı otlardan Phelipanche ramosa(L.) Pomel (canavar otu) (3,73 bitki m-2) ve Cuscuta sp. (küsküt) (1,61 bitki m-2) en fazla yoğunluk oluşturan türlerolarak belirlenmiştir. Bu türler aynı zamanda bölgede en sık rastlanan (en yaygın) türler arasında yer almıştır.
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    The Practice of AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis of Lentil Genotypes Assessment in Multi-Environment Trials
    (Crop Science Soc Phillippines, 2017) Turk, Zubeyir; Kendal, Enver
    Red Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) as a rich source of the breeding program is the most important crop in Turkey. The stability and adaptability of lentil genotypes are very significant for the program decisions to release new varieties. Genotype x Environment Interaction (GEI) and AMMI (Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) was used to make an estimation of the grain yield and to understand the GxE interaction patterns by examining the differential ranking of variety yields in multi-environment trials. Therefore, 6 lentil genotypes were used in the study. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with 4 replications in 8 environments. The superiority of the genotypes was determined by the first two principal components (IPC1 and IPC2) and to create a two-dimensional GGE biplot. The sum of squares of the first two components were accounted by 58.07% and 19.80% for genotype x trait (GT), 44.89% and 24.14% for genotype x environment (GE), 59.86%, and 24.37% for environment x trait (ET), respectively. The GGE biplot indicated that two mega-environments occurred among environments. On the other hand, 4 groups occurred among the traits based on the genotypes and environments. The results showed that G1 has general adaptability for all environments, while G2 and G3 showed specific adaptation to E3, E6, and E7. According to the biplot techniques, G3 came forward with the majority traits, while G2 came forward with only high yielding ones. The results of the GGE biplot indicated that G3 is suitable to be recommended for release, G5 has desirable origins for yield stability, and E7 is valuable to the environment for its quality and can be used in the lentil breeding program. The study revealed that a GGE biplot graphically displays interrelationships between the test environments as well as in between genotypes and traits by visual comparisons.