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    Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities and fatty acid constituents of Achillea cappadocica Hausskn. et Bornm.
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Hasimi, Nesrin; Yesil, Yeter; Goren, Ahmet Ceyhan; Topcu, Gulacti; Kolak, Ufuk
    This study was the first fatty acid analysis and biological activity report on an endemic Achillea species, Achillea cappadocica Hausskn. et Bornm. The major compounds in the fatty acid were identified as oleic (34.7%), palmitic (23.1%), and linoleic acids (20.6%). The methanol and water extracts indicated higher ABTS cation radical scavenging activity than that of alpha-tocopherol and BHT at 100 mu g/mL. The acetone extract showed 70.62% inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase at 200 mu g/mL. The acetone and methanol extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity.
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    Biological Activities of Origanum, Satureja, Thymbra and Thymus Species Grown in Turkey
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Kizil, Suleyman; Hasimi, Nesrin; Tolan, Veysel
    In the present study, seven thyme species Origanum onites, O. vulgare var. hirtum, O. vulgare var. gracile, O. syriacum, Satureja hortensis, Thymbra spicata, and Thymus vulgaris were used. The essential oils of these plants were obtained by the hydrodistillation method. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils against microorganisms, including multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria, were investigated using the disc diffusion method. All the essential oils used in this study were very effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which included multiple resistant strains. All essential oils tested were especially very effective against Streptococcus pyogenes. The maximum antimicrobial activity was observed with the essential oils of S. hortensis. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils varied depending on the species. In fact, the essential oils of some thyme species showed different levels of antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant activity results show that the percentage of inhibition values ranged from 28.32 to 94.55 %. Among essential oils, O. vulgare var. gracile oil showed the lowest antioxidant capacity (28.32 %), while S. hortensis showed the highest one (94.55 %). Generally, the data suggest that different thyme species oil possesses useful antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and may be utilized in the food industry and as a dietary supplement.
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    Biological and Chemical Comparison of Natural and CultivatedSamples of Satureja macrantha C.A.Mey.
    (2021) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Hasimi, Nesrin; Ertas, Abdulselam; Oksuz, Sevil; Demirkoz, Asli Barla; Resitoglu, Baris; Yener, Ismail
    In this study, investigation on the essential oils and ethanol extracts of naturally grown and cultivatedSatureja macrantha samples were reported. The essential oil, flavour and terpenoid-steroid-flavonoid contents of S.macrantha samples were determined by GC-MS and their phenolic contents by LC-MS/MS. Besides, the biologicalactivities of the samples were investigated for their antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, cytotoxic,antityrosinase, antiurease, antielastase and anticollagenase properties. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacityof the cultivated sample were higher than those of the naturally grown sample. According to the GC-MS results,terpinene-4-ol (30.9%) and p-cymene (56.7%) were determined as the major components in the essential oils of thenaturally grown and cultivated S. macrantha, respectively. The flavour analysis results showed that cis-sabinenehydrate (20.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%) were found to be the major components in the naturally grown and cultivatedsamples, respectively. While the naturally grown sample was rich in abietane diterpenoids (ferruginol (17.5 mganalyte/g extract) and sugiol (4.2 mg analyte/g extract)), these components were not detected in the cultivatedsample. The rosmarinic acid content (0.20 and 24.87 mg analyte/g extract, respectively) of the cultivated samplewas found to be significantly higher than that of the natural sample. The biological activities of the samples weredetermined to be changed in parallel with their chemical contents that are due to factors such as climatic conditions,and soil structure.
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    Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L ) Essential Oil
    (Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2010) Kizil, Suleyman; Hasimi, Nesrin; Tolan, Veysel; Kilinc, Ersin; Karatas, Hakan
    The essential oil of hyssop is widely used in food pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries throughout the world Therefore, it is very important to know the chemical characteristics of the oil for economic use and enhanced performance of the end products This study was carried out to determine antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis (L) (Lamiaceae) collected from wild in the Southeast Anatolian Turkey Chemical compositions of hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from hyssop leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) For antimicrobial activity disc diffusion tests were carried out on Escherichia coli line ATCC25922 Pseudomonas aeroginosa line ATCC27853 Staphylococcus aureus line 25923 Staphylococcus pyogenes line ATCC19615 and Candida albicans line ATCC10231 and the antioxidant activity was determined by using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method It was determined that hyssop essential oil contained isopinocamphone (5727%) () beta pinene (7 23%) () telpinen 4-ol (7 13%) pinocaivone (649%) carvacrol (3 02%) p cymene (2 81%) and myrtenal (2 32%) as major components As shown by treatments with 5 and 10 mu of oil which exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against S pyogenes S aureus C albicans and E colt but not against P aeruginosa The antioxidant activity of H officinalis essential oil was lower compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid These results demonstrated that hyssop essential oil has relatively low antioxidant activity and good antimicrobial activity against some test organisms
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    Chemical Compositions by Using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and Biological Activities of Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yesil, Yeter; Hasimi, Nesrin; Kaya, Meryem Seyda; Temel, Hamdi
    In this research, the chemical composition and biological activities of various extracts obtained from whole parts of Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau were compared. The amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid components in crude extracts were determined by expression as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively. All of the extracts (petroleum ether, acetone, methanol, and water) obtained from S. sediforme showed strong antioxidant activity in four tested methods. Particularly, the IC50 values of the methanol extract, which was the richest in terms of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, were found to be lower than those of alpha-tocopherol and BHT in beta-carotene bleaching (9.78 +/- 0.06 mu g/mL), DPPH free radical scavenging (9.07 +/- 0.07 mu g/mL), and ABTS cation radical scavenging (5.87 +/- 0.03 mu g/mL) methods. Furthermore, the methanol extract of S. sediforme showed higher inhibition activity than galanthamine against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes. Also, acetone and methanol extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans. The main constituents of fatty acid and essential oil were identified as palmitic acid (C16:0) (28.8%) and alpha-selinene (20.4%), respectively, by GC-MS. In the methanol extract of S. sediforme, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, and protocatechuic, p-coumaric, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids were detected and quantified by LC-MS/MS. Results of the current study showed that the methanol extract of S. sediforme may also be used as a food supplement.
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    Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Two Edible Plants: Chemical Investigation and Quantitative Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2016) Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Boga, Mehmet; Hasimi, Nesrin; Yesil, Yeter; Goren, Ahmet C.; Temel, Hamdi
    The objectives of this study were to define the phenolic and fatty acid profiles, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and total phenolic-flavonoid contents of Lycopsis orientalis and Tragopogon latifolius var. angustifolius which have been used as food source and food supplement in Anatolia and have never been examined before. Rosmarinic and quinic acids (21.11 and 11.46 mg g(-1) extract, respectively) were found to be the most abundant constituents in L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius among the studied 27 compounds by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In the fatty acid compositions of L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius that were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, oleic (29.1%) and palmitic (28.7%) acids were identified as the major components, respectively. The high antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of L. orientalis shows parallelism to its rosmarinic acid content. Besides, this extract showed medium anticholinesterase activity. The results of the present study proves that the L. orientalis might also be used as a food source due to its high phenolic acid content and strong antioxidant property.
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    Chemical profile and biological activities of Veronica thymoides subsp pseudocinerea
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Kizil, Murat; Ceken, Bircan; Goren, Ahmet Ceyhan; Hasimi, Nesrin; Demirci, Serpil
    Context: In Turkey, Veronica species (Plantaginaceae) have been used as a diuretic and for wound healing in traditional medicine. Objective: To examine the fatty acid and essential oil profiles, the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and DNA damage effects of Veronica thymoides P.H. Davis subsp. pseudocinerea M.A. Fischer as a potential source of natural active compounds. Materials and methods: GC/MS was used to analyze essential oil and fatty acid obtained from whole plant. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system, DPPH-free and ABTS cation radicals scavenging, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays. The anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities were determined by Ellman and broth macrodillution methods, respectively. The effect of the methanol extract on DNA cleavage was investigated. Results: Hexatriacontene (21.0%) was found to be the main constituent in essential oil, and linoleic acid (25.2%) and palmitic acid (20.6%) in fatty acid. Methanol extract demonstrated the best IC50 values in lipid peroxidation (49.81 +/- 0.31 mu g/ml) and DPPH-free radical scavenging activity (15.32 +/- 0.17 mu g/ml). Methanol and water extracts possessed strong ABTS cation radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 9.15 +/- 0.28 and 8.90 +/- 0.14 mu g/ml, respectively. The acetone extract exhibited moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The highest antimicrobial activity was determined in methanol extract against Escherichia coli with 31.25 mu g/ml MIC value. Inhibition of methanol extract on plasmid DNA cleavage by OH radicals was found to be 93.32% at 500 mu g/ml. Conclusion: The methanol extract having strong antioxidant and DNA damage effects could be investigated phytochemically to find natural active compounds.
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    Chemical Profile of Malva Neglecta and Malvella Sherardiana by LC-MS/MS, GC/MS and Their Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties With Aflatoxin-Contents
    (Marmara Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2017) Hasimi, Nesrin; Ertas, Abdulselam; Oral, Elif Varhan; Yener, Ismail; Alkan, Huseyin; Boga, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah
    The purpose of the present work was to determine the phenolic and the fatty acids profiles by LC-MS/MS and GC/MS with their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities, and aflatoxin contents of Malva neglecta and Malvella sherardiana. The phenolic contents of M. neglecta and M. sherardiana were determined by LC-MS/MS. Malic and 4-OH benzoic acids were found to be the most abundant compounds in M. neglecta and M. sherardiana, respectively. On the other hand, essential oil and fatty acid compositions were determined by GC/MS analysis. The methanol extracts of the plants showed the highest effect in all antioxidant assays in this study. The methanol extract of M. neglecta showed the highest activity among the petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water extracts against acetyl-and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes (53.68% and 63.95% inhibition ratio, respectively). The acetone extracts of M. neglacta and M. sherardiana exhibited moderate activity against C. albicans with 18 and 17 mm inhibion zone diameter, respectively. The results of the present study is also showed that the M. neglecta and M. sherardiana can also be used as a food source due to its high phenolic acid content and good antioxidant property. Also, the samples were aflatoxin free.
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    A detailed study on the chemical and biological profiles of essential oil and methanol extract of Thymus nummularius (Anzer tea): Rosmarinic acid
    (Elsevier, 2015) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yesil, Yeter; Tel, Gulsen; Temel, Hamdi; Hasimi, Nesrin
    The aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile of Thymus nummularius by LC-MS/MS and GC/MS. Additionally, the methanol extract, essential oil and some individual main compounds of Thymus nummularius were tested for antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities. Besides, HPLC-FLD was used to determine total aflatoxin in the plant material. Among the twenty-seven compounds studied by LC-MS/MS, rosmarinic acid (131,898.9 +/- 6463.0 mu g/g dry-extract) was found to be the most abundant compound in the methanol extract. On the other hand, thymol (60.38%) and terpinyl-acetate (10.49%) were found to be the major compounds of the essential oil. Both the essential oil and the methanol extract of T. nummularius exhibited strong antioxidant activity in the four tested methods. Furthermore, the essential oil showed high inhibitory activity against acetyl-,butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes and very strong antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. Besides, T. nummularius can be used both as rosmarinic acid source and as food supplement due to its non-aflatoxin content and high antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Determination of essential oil and biological activities of Hypericum ternatum Poulter and H. scabrum L. species collected from different localities: is H. scabrum an alternative to multifunctional species ST JOHN'S WORT (H. perforatum)?
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, Ismail; Irtegun Kandemir, Sevgi; Ozhan Kocakaya, Safak; Firat, Mehmet; Yigitkan, Serkan; Hasimi, Nesrin
    The importance of Hypericum L. species, being used in traditional medicine, in the scientific world is increasing day by day. Hypericum species are plants that have been used in the treatment of many diseases for a long time and have healing properties. In the current study, the essential oil compositions of Hypericum scabrum L. and H. ternatum Poulter collected from different localities in Turkey were determined by GC-MS/FID. In addition, their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities with their enzyme inhibitory potentials (cholinesterase, urease, tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase) were investigated. Also, in vitro and in silico studies of the major components of the species have been carried out on the studied enzymes. It was determined that four H. scabrum samples mainly contained alpha-pinene (55.99%-62.80%) while three H. ternatum samples contained 2-methyloctane (9.45%-22.39%) and alpha-pinene (12.75%-33.08%). While H. scabrum essential oils possessed significant biological activity potential except for the antimicrobial activity, H. ternatum samples did not. All essential oil samples of H. scabrum exhibited a high cytotoxic effect (IC50 21.67 +/- 0.34 to 34.67 +/- 0 .45 mu g/mL) against colon cancer cell line (HT-29) and indicated higher acetyl-(Inhibiton% 83.30 +/- 1.90 to 93.08 +/- 1.04) and butyryl-cholinesterase (Inhibiton% 80.58 +/- 1.19 to 93.28 +/- 1.99) inhibitory activity than the standard compound, galantamine. Furthermore, all samples of H. scabrum showed high tyrosinase (Inhibiton% 69.00 +/- 1.64 to 95.25 +/- 1.42) and elastase (Inhibiton% 27.58 +/- 0.34 to 36.69 +/- 0.18) inhibitory effects. These biological activity results indicated that H. scabrum essential oil could be used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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    Determination of Essential Oil Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Seeds
    (Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2014) Hasimi, Nesrin; Tolan, Veysel; Kizil, Suleyman; Kilinc, Ersin
    In this research, the essential oil components, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seed oils were investigated. The essential oil components determined by GC/MS instrument. The antimicrobial activity determined by disc diffusion method against the gram negative bacteria, namely Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, the gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC19615 and Candida albicans ATCC10231 as the yeast. The antioxidant activities of essential oils were carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging activity method. It was determined that the main components of the anise essential oil were trans-anethole (52.94%) followed by iso-anethole (13.89%), caryophllene oxide (8.55%) and caryophyllene (29.4%); the main components of the cumin essential oil were beta-pinene (15.77%), alpha-terpinene (15:52%), 1-Phenyl-1-butanol (15:13%), cumic aldehyde (12.74%) respectively. Anise essential oil showed weak antimicrobial activity and cumin essential oil showed moderate antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms. Cumin essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against C. albicans with 22 +/- 0.9 mm inhibition zone diameter. P. aeruginosa showed resistance to both essential oils. The antioxidant activity of cumin essential oil (75.60%) was observed closer to ascorbic acid (78.75%), higher than BHA (50.45%) and BHT (23.54%). Although anise essential oil exhibited low activity, it has the similar activity with BHT. The scavenging activity of the samples decreasing order was ascorbic acid> cumin >BHA>BHT> anise.
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    Essential Oil Components, Microelement Contents and Antioxidant Effects of Nepeta italica L. and Achillea filipendulina LAM.
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Hasimi, Nesrin; Kizil, Sueleyman; Tolan, Veysel
    The genus Nepeta (Lamiaceae) and Achillea (Asteraceae) are widely distributed in Turkey. In this study, the essential oils of Nepeta italica L. and Achillea filipendulina LAM. collected from Dicle district in Diyarbakir province in the Southeast Anatolia and from Hakkari province in East Anatolia of Turkey, were obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts. The essential oils from Nepeta italica and Achillea filipendulina obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC Clarus 600-MS Clarus 600 C (Perkin Elmer) and microelements were analyzed by Perkin Elmer Optima 2100 DV ICP OEMS, and also antioxidant activity analyzed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Achillea filipendulina and Nepeta italica essential oils showed similar antioxidant activity with inhibition of 55.3 % and 51.3 %, respectively, which are higher than BHT synthetic antioxidant with 23 % inhibition.
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    Evaluation of Antioxidant, Cholinesterase Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Properties of Mentha longifolia subsp noeana and Its Secondary Metabolites
    (Acg Publications, 2015) Ertas, Abdulselam; Goeren, Ahmet C.; Hasimi, Nesrin; Tolan, Veysel; Kolak, Ufuk
    The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical structures of the isolated compounds, the essential oil and fatty acid compositions of Mentha longifolia subsp. noeana with their biological activities. Ursolic acid (1), uvaol (2), stigmast-5-ene-3 beta-yl formate (3), stigmast-5-en-3-one (4), beta-sitosterol (5), bis(2ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate (6), hexacosyl (E)-ferulate (7) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxy flavone (8) were obtained from the aerial parts. The compounds (2-4, 6, 7) were isolated for the first time from a Mentha species. Palmitic acid (40.8%) was the major component of the non-polar fraction obtained from the petroleum ether extract. Pulegone (32.3%) was the main constituent of the essential oil which exhibited strong butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (77.36 +/- 0.29%), moderate antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The methanol extract showed 80% inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and the acetone extract possessed moderate DPPH free radical scavenging activity (60% inhibition) at 100 mu g/mL.
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    Fatty Acid and Essential Oil Compositions of Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium with Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Antimicrobial Activities
    (Shaheed Beheshti Univ, Sch Pharmacy, 2015) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Hasimi, Nesrin; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah
    This study represents the first report on the chemical composition and biological activity of Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium. The major components of the essential oil were identified as hexatriacontene (23.0%), arachidic acid (15.5%) and alpha-selinene (10.0%). The main constituents of the fatty acid obtained from the petroleum ether extract were identified as palmitic acid (29.8%), linoleic acid (18.6%) and oleic acid (10.5%). In particular, the water extract exhibited higher activity than alpha-tocopherol and BHT, which were used as standards in the ABTS cation radical scavenging assay and indicated higher inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase enzyme than the reference compound, galanthamine but exhibited weak activity in beta-carotene bleaching, DPPH-free radical scavenging, and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity assays. The petroleum ether extract exhibited higher activity than alpha-tocopherol which was used as standard in the beta-carotene bleaching method at concentration 100 mu g/mL. The acetone extract exhibited higher activity than alpha-tocopherol which was used as standard cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method at 100 mu g/mL concentration The acetone and methanol extracts were active on all microorganisms tested with a small zone diameter indicating weak activity.
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    Fatty Acid, Essential Oil and Phenolic Compositions of Alcea pallida and Alcea apterocarpa with Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Antimicrobial Activities
    (Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Science, 2016) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Gazioglu, Isil; Yesil, Yeter; Hasimi, Nesrin; Ozaslan, Cumali; Yilmaz, Hasibe
    This study was the first phytochemical and biological activity report on Alcea pallida and Alcea apterocarpa extracts. The main constituents of the essential oils were identified as arachidic acid (34.2%) for A. pallida, and hexatriacontane (25.3%) for A. apterocarpa. The main constituents of the fatty acids obtained from petroleum ether extracts of A. pallida and A. apterocarpa were identified as palmitic acid (31.2%) and oleic acid (25.6%), respectively. The phenolic compositions of the samples were determined using HPLC (LC-20 liquid chromatographic system). A. pallida and A. apterocarpa showed the same peaks which were ascorbic, caffeic, salicylic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids and quercetin, respectively. Salicylic acid showed the highest abundance. Among the eight extracts, the acetone extract of A. pallida possessed the best ABTS cation radical scavenging activity and moderate butyryl-cholinesterase activity at 200 mu g/mL. The A. pallida acetone extract exhibited 53.12% inhibition in DPPH free radical scavenging activity method at 100 mu g/mL concentration. The acetone extract of A. pallida showed weak antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moderate activity against Candida albicans (inhibition zone diameter 16 mm). The acetone extract of A. apterocarpa showed moderate activity against C. albicans (inhibition zone diameter 14 mm) and S. aureus (inhibition zone diameter 13 mm); weak activity against E. coli., S0 pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa.
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    In vitro biological activities and fatty acid profiles of Pistacia terebinthus fruits and Pistacia khinjuk seeds
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Hacibekiroglu, Isil; Yilmaz, Pelin Koseoglu; Hasimi, Nesrin; Kilinc, Ersin; Tolan, Veysel; Kolak, Ufuk
    This study reports in vitro anticholinesterase, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol and ethanol-water extracts prepared from Pistacia terebinthus L. fruits and Pistacia khinjuk Stocks seeds as well as their total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and fatty acid compositions. Ethanol and ethanol-water extracts of both species exhibited higher anticholinesterase activity than galanthamine. Among ABTS, DPPH and CUPRAC assays, the highest antioxidant capacity of the extracts was found in the last one. P. terebinthus ethanol extract being rich in flavonoid content showed the best cupric reducing effect. All extracts possessed no antimicrobial activity. The main fatty acid in P. terebinthus fruits (52.52%) and P. khinjuk seeds (59.44%) was found to be oleic acid. Our results indicate that P. terebinthus fruits and P. khinjuk seeds could be a good source of anticholinesterase compounds, and could be phytochemically investigated.
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    MINERAL CONTENT, ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF TWO MENTHA SPECIES (M. piperita L., M. spicata L.)
    (Soc Field Crop Sci, 2010) Kizil, Suleyman; Hasimi, Nesrin; Tolan, Veysel; Kilinc, Ersin; Yuksel, Uyan
    The essential oil of mint species are widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, growing throughout the world. Therefore, it is very important to know the chemical characteristics of the oil for economic use and enhanced performance of the end products. This study was carried out to determine mineral content, essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of Mentha piperita (L.) and M. spicata (L.) (Lamiaceae). Chemical compositions of hydro-distilled essential oils obtained from mint species leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For antimicrobial activity, the disc diffusion tests were carried out on E. coli line ATCC25922, P. aeroginosa line ATCC27853. S. aureus line 25923 51 pyogenes line ATCC19615 and C. albicans line ATCC 9231, and the antioxidant activity was performed by using DPPH radical-scavenging method. It was determined that essential oil of M. piperita and M. spicata contains menthol and carvone as major components. respectively. Treatment of 5 mu l, 10 mu l 15 mu l and 20 mu l of the oil exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes, S. aureus and C albicans and E. coli, except P. aeruginosa. The antioxidant activity of essential oil of mint species lowered DPPH activity compared to ascorbic acid. The results demonstrated that mint species essential oil has clearly good antimicrobial activity against test organisms and acceptable antioxidant activity.
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    Phenolic Profile, Fatty Acid and Essential Oil Composition Analysis and Antioxidant, Antialzheimer and Antibacterial Activities of Verbascum flavidum Extracts
    (Chiang Mai Univ, 2016) Boga, Mehmet; Ertas, Abdulselam; Hasimi, Nesrin; Demirci, Serpil; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Temel, Hamdi; Kolak, Ufuk
    This paper is the first report about phytochemical analysis with LC-MS/MS and biological activities of Verbascum flavidum (Boiss.) Freyn & Bornm. Rutin (1077.09 +/- 77.47 mu g analyte/g extract) and chlorogenic acid (1012.42 +/- 97.18 mu g analyte/g extract) were determined as the most abundant phenolics in V. flavidum. The main components of fatty acid were found to be palmitic (30.3%) and oleic acids (17.9%); while the major essential oils were determined as arachidic acid (16.4%) and alpha-selinene (8.9%) by GC-MS analysis. In DPPH free radical scavenging activity the methanol extract showed higher activity than BHT with 72.62% inhibition at 100 mu g/mL concentration. The methanol and water extracts of V. flavidum showed 86.01 and 87.39 % inhibition in ABTS cation radical scavenging assay at 100 mu g/mL concentration, respectively. The methanol extract showed moderate activity against E. coli with 250 +/- 0.3 MIC value and with 15 mm inhibition zone diameter at 30 mg/mL concentration.
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    UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS Analyses on Phenolic, Fatty Acid and Essential Oil of Verbascum pinetorum with Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial and DNA Damage Protection Effects
    (Shaheed Beheshti Univ, Sch Pharmacy, 2016) Boga, Mehmet; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Kizil, Murat; Ceken, Bircan; Hasimi, Nesrin; Ozden, Tugba Yilmaz
    This paper is the first phytochemical and ABTS cation radical decolorisation activity, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, anticholinesterase and DNA damage protection effect of endemic Verbascum pinetorum (Boiss.) O. Kuntze. Phenolic profile of V. pinetorum were qualified and quantified by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Malic acid (47250.61 +/- 2504.28 mu g/g) and luteolin (7651.96 +/- 527.98 mu g/g) were found as most abundant compounds for metanol and acetone extracts, respectively. Fatty acid and essential oil compositions were determined by GC-MS analysis. The main components of fatty acid were found to be palmitic (27.1%) and stearic (22.1%) acids. The main compounds of the essential oil were cineole (16.9%) and alpha-selinene (16.4%). The acetone extract was found to be more active than BHT used as a standard in beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system. In DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the acetone and methanol extracts showed higher activity than BHT at all tested concentrations. The acetone, methanol and water extracts showed strong inhibition while the acetone extract showed better activity than BHT and a-tocopherol which were used as standards in ABTS cation radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays, respectively. All extracts were found to be inactive in antialzheimer activity. The acetone extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against C. albicans. The methanol extract of V. pinetorum were found no significant effect on DNA cleavage protection.