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Öğe The accumulation and histological effects of organometallic fungicides propineb and maneb in the livers of pregnant rats and their offspring(Japanese Society of Toxicology, 1999) Deveci, Engin; Güven, Kemal; Başhan, Mehmet; Önen, Abdurrahman; De Pomerai, DavidDithiocarbamate propineb and maneb are organometal fungicides, which are widely used for the control of diseases in plants. Female Wistar rats were exposed orally to 200 and 400 ppm propineb (Zn-containing dithiocarbamate) and 250 ppm maneb (Mn-containing dithiocarbamate), from the 6th day of gestation up to birth. We found that the body weights of both newborn litters and their fungicide-treated mothers were lower than those of controls. Histological examination of the livers of fungicide-treated pregnant females and the offspring showed a variety of histopathological effects. Moreover, the analysis of Zn and Mn concentrations in the livers of pregnant females exposed to organometallic fungicides during pregnancy demonstrated that the metal concentrations in the liver were higher than those of controls. Similarly, the hepatic metal concentrations were significantly increased in the litters, indicating the transplacental passage of the organometallic fungicides.Öğe The accumulation and histological effects of the organometallic fungicide propineb on the organs of fetuses and female rats during pregnancy(1999) Pomeraı, David De; Güven, Kemal; Deveci, EnginDitiyokarbamat yapısında olan propineb bitkisel hastalıkların kontrolünde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan bir organometal fungisittir. Hamileliğin 6. gününden doğuma kadar 200 ve 400 ppm'lik propineb konsantrasyonları dişi VVİstar ratlara ağız yolu ile verilmiş; 400 ppm'lik konsantrasyonda hem fetüs hem de dişi ratlann organlarında bir çok makroskopik (ör. pitosis ve felç) ve mikroskopik septomlara rastlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada, fungisit ile muamele edilen anne ve yavrularının vücut ağırlıkları kontrolden daha düşük bulunmuştur. Fetüs ve propineb verilen annenin karaciğer ve böbreklerinde yapılan histolojik inceleme sonucunda çok sayıda histopatolojik etkiye rastlandı. Hamilelik esnasında organometal fungisit verilen hamile dişilerin karaciğer, böbrek ve kalplerindeki Zn konsontrasyon analizi (ICP-AES;İnductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer The Accumulation and I listological Effects of The Organometallic Fungicide Propineb on The Organs of Fetuses and Female Rats During Pregnancy kullanarak) bu organlarda metal konsantrasyonlarının kontrole nazaran oldukça yüksek olduğu bulundu. Bununla beraber, hamilelik esnasında fungisite maruz kalan yavruların karaciğer, böbrek ve kalplerindeki Zn konsantrasyonları kontrole nazaran çok büyük oranlarda artmıştır; fetüsün organlarında bulunan bu yüksek metal seviyeleri fungusitin plasental engeli rahatlıkla geçebildiğinin bir göstergesi olabilir.Öğe Acute lethal toxicity and accumulation of copper in Gammarus pulex (L.) (Amphipoda)(1999) Özbay, Cengizhan; Ünlü, Erhan; Satar, Ali; Güven, KemalKabaklı Göleti (Diyarbakır) civarındaki kirletilmemiş küçük bir su kaynağından alınarak laboratuara getirilen Gammarus pulex (L.) örnekleri, 15°C sıcaklıkta 10 günlük bir adaptasyon süresine tutulmuştur. Adaptasyon gösteren bireyler, 0.00 (kontrol), 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30 ve 0.50 ppm Cu++ konsantrasyonlarında su bulunan kaplar içine alınarak 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saatlik sürelerdeki LC50 değerleri hesaplanmıştır. LCS0 değerleri 24 saat için 0.2 ppm; 48 saat için ise 0.17 ppm; 72 saat için 0.12 ppm ve 96 saat için 0.10 ppm olarak bulunmuştur. Akut letal konsantrasyonlarda 96 saat tutulan örneklerdeki akut Cu++ birikimi atomik absorbsiyon spektrofotometresinde ölçülmüştür. Ortamın Cu++ konsantrasyonu (X) ile G. pulex vücudunda biriken Cu++ konsantrasyonu (Y) arasındaki ilişkiden logY=1.523+0.078logX, r=0.976. denklemi elde edilmiştir. Bu ilişki istatistiksel olarak da anlamlı bulunmuştur (P<0.05). G. pu/eYdeki Cu++ birikimi artan konsantrasyona bağlı olarak artış göstermiştir.Öğe Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Different Extracts of Helichrysum arenarium subsp. (L.) Moench aucheri(Fırat University, 2023) Eren, Ayşe; İnci, Şule; Saleh, Kochar Kh.; Kırbağ, Sevda; Güven, KemalHelichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench subsp. aucheri is a herbaceous perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae. This plant has biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiradical. In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of aerial parts of H. arenarium subsp. aucheri were investigated. To determine the antimicrobial activity pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, Candida glabrata, Candida albicans and Trichophyton sp. Antioxidant activity was determined with total antioxidant value (TAS), total oxidant value (TOS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. In the results obtained, it was determined that the methanol extract had an antimicrobial effect (9.3 mm) only against C. albicans. It was found that the ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activity at different rates (8.8-20.4 mm) against S. aureus, B. megaterium, C. glabrata, C. albicans and Trichophyton sp. The TAS value of the methanol extract was 3.00 mmol, and the TAS value of the ethanol extract was 3.15 mmol. The TOS value of the methanol extract of the same species was calculated as 6.81 µmol, and the TOS value of the ethanol extract was calculated as 12.64 µmol. The DPPH radical scavenging effects of extracts of goldengrass was found to increase depend on concentrations.Öğe Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Different Extracts of Helichrysum arenarium subsp. (L.) Moench aucheri(2023) Eren, Ayşe; İnci, Şule; Saleh, Kochar Khasro; Kırbağ, Sevda; Güven, KemalHelichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench subsp. aucheri is a herbaceous perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae. This plant has biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiradical. In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of aerial parts of H. arenarium subsp. aucheri were investigated. To determine the antimicrobial activity pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, Candida glabrata, Candida albicans and Trichophyton sp. Antioxidant activity was determined with total antioxidant value (TAS), total oxidant value (TOS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. In the results obtained, it was determined that the methanol extract had an antimicrobial effect (9.3 mm) only against C. albicans. It was found that the ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activity at different rates (8.8-20.4 mm) against S. aureus, B. megaterium, C. glabrata, C. albicans and Trichophyton sp. The TAS value of the methanol extract was 3.00 mmol, and the TAS value of the ethanol extract was 3.15 mmol. The TOS value of the methanol extract of the same species was calculated as 6.81 μmol, and the TOS value of the ethanol extract was calculated as 12.64 μmol. The DPPH radical scavenging effects of extracts of goldengrass was found to increase depend on concentrations.Öğe Bingöl Sıcak Su Kaplıcalarından İzole Edilen Bakterilerin Tanımlanması, Proteaz ve Amilaz Enzimlerinin Karakterizasyonu(2021) Güven, Kemal; Bekler, Fatma Matpan; Aslan, ZindarBingöl İli Binkap sıcak su kaynaklarından izole edilen bakteriler karakterize edilerek, bunlara ait endüstriyel alanda önem arz eden proteaz ve amilaz gibi enzimleri üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada su ve toprak örneklerinden iki bakteri suşu izole edildi. Bu bakterilerin çeşitli biyokimyasal testleri ile morfolojik ve fizyolojik analizleri yapıldı. İzole edilen 4NK bakterisinin çubuk şeklinde Gram pozitif olduğu, 5NK bakterisinin de Gram pozitif ve çubuk şeklinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. İzole edilmiş bu iki bakteri için optimum pH değerinin 6.0 olduğu tespit edildi. Optimum üreme sıcaklıkları ise sırasıyla 40 ve 45 °C olarak belirlenmiştir. İzole edilen bakterilerin optimum koşulları belirlendikten sonra bunların ürettikleri enzimlerin optimum koşulları belirlendi. Buna göre 4NK bakterisinin proteaz ve amilaz enzimlerini üretim açısından optimum süreleri sırasıyla 18. saatte (195.80 U mg-1) ve 15. saatte (428.33 U mg-1) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Proteaz ve amilaz enzimlerinin optimum pH’sı 8.0, optimum sıcaklıkları sırasıyla 40-50 °C ve 50-60 °C olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, 5NK bakteri varyetesi için proteaz ve amilaz enzimlerini üretim açısından optimum süresi, proteaz için 260.93 U mg-1ve amilaz için 380.58 U mg-1olmak üzere 24. saat olarak belirlenmiştir. Proteaz ve amilaz enzimlerinin optimum pH’ları 8.0, optimum sıcaklıkları 50 °C olarak bulunmuştur. İzolasyonu yapılan 4NK ve 5NK bakterilerinin 16S rRNA dizi analizi yapılmış, buna göre 4NK bakterisinin Bacillus subtilis türüne yakın, 5NK bakterisinin ise Bacillus paralicheniformis türüne filogenetik olarak yakın olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Bingöl ve Diyarbakır İllerinde Yayılış Gösteren Bazı Dalgıç Böcek (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Türlerinin Mitokondrial Sitokrom Oksidaz Alt Ünite 1 Geni (COI) ile Filogenetik Analizi(2021) Bekler, Fatma Matpan; Güven, Kemal; Uzen, Ramazan; Yıldırım, İbrahim Halil; Aykut, MedeniDytiscidae Leach, 1815 familyası sucul böceklerin önemli bileşenlerindendir. Familya üyeleri yırtıcı dalışböcekleri olarak bilinirler ve genellikle tüm sucul habitatlara uyum göstermişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Bingöl veDiyarbakır illerinden Eylül 2016 ile Mayıs 2017 dönemlerinde toplanan Dytiscidae familyasının 7 cinsine ait 17türün PCR yöntemiyle mitokondriyal DNA örnekleri elde edilerek moleküler düzeyde araştırılmıştır. Bu türlerinmitokondriyal COI genlerinin nükleotid sekansları ve PCR genomik dizileri moleküler belirteç olarak kullanıldı.Mitokondriyal DNA dizi analizleri BLAST taraması yoluyla yapıldı. 17 türe ait mitokondriyal COI gen dizileri,türlerin tanımlamasında kullanılan CLC Sequence Viewer 8. programı yardımı ile filogenetik soy ağacıoluşturularak benzerlikleri karşılaştırıldı. Türlerin yakınlık dereceleri, Neighbour Joining (NJ) soy ağacıkullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışıldı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; Agabus faldermanni (Zaitzev, 1927) sisteme kayıtlınükleotid dizileriyle %100 örtüşürken, bu değer; Hydroporus planus (Fabricius, 1782)’ta %99.88, Agabusbiguttatus (Olivier, 1795) ve Laccophilus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758)’ta %99.86, Agabus glacialis Hochhuth,1846’da %99.74, Laccophilus poecilus Klug, 1834’te %99.46, Agabus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1767)’ta %99.45,Agabus nebulosus (Forster, 1771)’ta %99.21, Hydroporus discretus Fairmaire & Brisout, 1859 ve Ilybiuschalconatus (Panzer, 1796)’ta %99.18, Agabus conspersus (Marsham, 1802)’ta %99.02, Bidessus calabricusGuignot, 1957’ta %98.94, Nebrioporus stearinus suavis (Sharp, 1882)’te %98.79, Hydroporus tessellatus(Drapiez, 1819)’ta %97.45, Liopterus haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1787)’te %97.23, Hydroglyphus geminus(Fabricius, 1792)’te %96.47 ve Hydroporus palustris (Linnaeus, 1761)’te %93.54 oranlarında benzerliklerbelirlenmiştir.Öğe Characterization of intracellular β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis 4NK and Bacillus paralicheniformis 5NK isolated from a hot water spring and effects of various inhibitors on enzyme activity(Field Crops Central Research Institute, 2021) Tunç, Şaban; Bekler, Fatma Matpan; Güven, KemalIn this study, the intracellular ?-galactosidases of Bacillus subtilis 4NK and Bacillus paralicheniformis 5NK isolated from Bingöl Binkap hot spring was partially purified and characterized. As a result of purification, the yield of the enzyme for B. subtilis 4NK was 85.2% and the purification fold was 2.8. The yield for B. paralicheniformis 5NK was 76.8% and the purification fold was 2.0. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was determined as 45oC for B. subtilis 4NK and 55oC for B. paralicheniformis 5NK and the optimum pH was 6.0 for both. In addition, in the thermal stability experiments even at the end of 120 min both enzymes were stable at 50oC. It was determined that the partially purified enzyme activity increased in the presence of iodoacetamide and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride for B. subtilis 4NK, dithiothreitol, N-ethylenemaleimide and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride for B. paralicheniformis 5NK. The metals were found to activate the enzyme at low concentrations of Co2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ for B. subtilis 4NK, Cu2+ and Cd2+ were found to inhibit the enzyme at high rates for B. paralicheniformis 5NK. Km and Vmax values for 4NK and 5NK, respectively; 23.80 mM, 1.978 µmol/min and 5.61 mM, 1.869 µmol/min.Öğe Cloning, purification and characterization of a thermostable β- galactosidase from Bacillus licheniformis strain KG9(Cellular and Molecular Biology Association, 2015) Bekler, Fatma Matpan; Stougaard, Peter; Güven, Kemal; Güven, Reyhan Gül; Acer, ÖmerA thermo- and alkalitolerant Bacillus licheniformis KG9 isolated from Taslidere hot water spring in Batman/Turkey was found to produce a thermostable ?-galactosidase. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 16S rRNA gene from B. licheniformis strain KG9 was 99.9% identical to that of the genome sequenced B. licheniformis strain DSM 13. Analysis of the B. licheniformis DSM 13 genomic sequence revealed four putative ?-galactosidase genes. PCR primers based on the genome sequence of strain DSM 13 were used to isolate the corresponding ?-galactosidase genes from B. licheniformis strain KG9. The calculated molecular weights of the ?-galactosidases I, II, III, and IV using sequencing data were 30, 79, 74, and 79 kDa, respectively. The genes were inserted into an expression vector and recombinant ?-galactosidase was produced in Escherichia coli. Of the four ?-galactosidase genes identified in strain KG9, three of them were expressed as active, intracellular enzymes in E. coli. One of the recombinant enzymes, ?-galactosidase III, was purified and characterized. Optimal temperature and pH was determined to be at 60 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. Km was determined to be 1.3 mM and 13.3 mM with oNPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-?-D-galactopyranoside) and lactose as substrates, respectively, and Vmax was measured to 1.96 ?mol/min and 1.55 ?mol/min with oNPG and lactose, respectively.Öğe The effects of long-term exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on bone formation in ovariectomized rats(Wiley, 2012) Çelik, Mustafa Salih; Gür, Ali; Akdağ, Zülküf; Akpolat, Veysi; Güven, Kemal; Çelik, Yusuf; Saraç, Aysegül Jale; Otçu, Selçuk; 0000-0002-2435-7800; 0000-0002-0181-3746; 0000-0003-2849-4033The effects of long-term extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure on bone formation and biochemical markers were investigated in ovariectomized rats. Sixty mature female SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into four different groups (n?=?15): (i) unexposed control (CTL); (ii) ovariectomized only (OVX); (iii) non-ovariectomized, exposed (SHAM?+?ELF-MF); and (iv) ovariectomized, exposed (OVX?+?ELF-MF). The third and fourth groups were exposed to 1.5?mT ELF-MF for 4?h a day for 6 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined using dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) measurements. The formation and resorption of bone were evaluated using bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin, osteoprotogerin, and N-telopeptide. After 6 months of ELF-MF therapy, BMD values were significantly lower in the OVX group and higher in the OVX?+?ELF-MF and SHAM?+?ELF-MF groups than they were before therapy (P?Öğe Gebelik Döneminde verilen kadmiyum kloridin yenidoğan ratların böbrekleri üzerine etkisi(1998) Deveci, Engin; Güven, Kemal; Önen, AbdurrahmanBu çalışmada, gebelik döneminde verilen, toksik ve teratojen bir madde olan kadmiyum kloridin yenidoğan ratların böbrekleri üzerine etkisi incelendi. Gebe ratlara gebeliğin 17'inci gününden itibaren 21'inci güne kadar intravenöz olarak 2 mg/kg kadmiyum klorid verildi. Bu gebeliklerden doğan yavru ratlara nefrektomi yapılarak böbreklerdeki histolojik bulgular incelendi ve kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldı. Rezeksiyon işlemleri eter anestezisi altında yapıldı. Dokular % 10 formalinde tespit edildi. Parafin inklüzyonundan sonra alınan kesitler hematoksilen-eozin ile boyandı ve inceleme ışık mikroskobunda yapıldı. Kadmiyum grubundaki yenidoğan ratların böbreklerinde tubulusların arasındaki damarlarda konjesyon, tubulus hücrelerinde dejeneratif değişiklikler, glomerül etrafında mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonu gibi histopatolojik değişiklikler saptandı. Kontrol grubunda bu değişikliklerin hiçbirisi gözlenmedi. Kadmiyum klorid, gebe ratlara verildiğinde yenidoğan yavruların böbrek yapısını büyük ölçüde hasara uğratmaktadır.Öğe A highly inducible ?-galactosidase from enterobacter sp(Serbian Chemical Society, 2020) Shaikhan, Bestoon Ahmed; Güven, Kemal; Bekler, Fatma Matpan; Acer, Ömer; Güven, Reyhan GülEnterobacter sp. 3TP2A isolated from a petroleum station was found to produce a novel, highly inducible mesophilic intracellular β-galactosidase in the presence of lactose up to 76.5 U mg-1. The enzyme was purified to 17.3-fold after gel permeation chromatography with a yield of approximately 11 %. The optimum pH and temperature values of the purified enzyme were found to be 8.0-9.0 and 35 °C, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approx. 60 kDa with a single band by both SDS-PAGE and native-PAGE, and estimated by gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was inhibited by Zn2+ and EDTA, while Cu2+ had strong inhibitory effect even at low concentrations. Activation by Mg2+ and inhibition by EDTA show that the enzyme is metal-dependent or a metalloenzyme. The enzyme was slightly activated by 2-mercaptoethanol, while slightly inhibited by iodoacetamide. On the other hand, PCMB inhibited the enzymatic activity to a great extent, whereas it was completely inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. The Vmax and Km values were calculated as 0.701 μmol min-1 and 0.104 mM, respectively. The results indicated that the β-galactosidase Enterobacter sp. 3TP2A might well be a good candidate for use in biotechnology, particularly in the area of environment and health.Öğe Investigation of the ultrastructurel of different cells in lymph nodules by using zinc Iodide osmium tetroxide technique(Okajima Foria Anatomica Yaponika Henshubu, 1998) Deveci, Engin; Daǧdeviren, Attila; Güven, Kemal; İnalöz, SerapThe zinc iodide- osmium tetroxide (ZIO) fixation/staining method was applied for neurocytological study and also to examine several other tissue samples including human blood and bone marrow on nerve endings in the median eminence, epidermal langerhans cells of lymphoid tissue.Öğe Isolation and characterization of alkane hydrocarbons-degrading Delftia tsuruhatensis strain D9 from petroleum-contaminated soils(Field Crops Central Research Institute, 2022) Eren, Ayşe; Güven, KemalA bacterial strain from petroleum-contaminated soil in south-eastern Turkey was isolated and characterized to determine the potential of alkane hydrocarbon biodegradation. Phenotypic characteristics and the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the strain D9 is a member of the Delfitia genus and most similar to Delftia tsuruhatensis (100%). The optimum pH and temperature values for the growth of D. tsuruhatensis strain D9 were found to be 9.0-10.0 and 35°C, respectively. The strain was found to grow in some single, medium and long-chain hydrocarbons such as decane, hexadecane, and squalene, tested by short-time incubation in basal medium (BM) in the presence of 1% hydrocarbon concentrations under optimum conditions. After incubation for 3 days, 65% of the single hydrocarbon hexadecane was degraded by the D. tsuruhatensis strain D9, revealed by GC-MS analysis. The biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by D. tsuruhatensis strain D9 isolated and characterized in the present study shows that it can be a good candidate in the bioremediation process.Öğe Isolation and characterization of alkane hydrocarbons-degrading enterobacter ludwigii strain D8 from petroleum-contaminated soils(Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, 2022) Eren, Ayşe; Güven, KemalA bacterial strain has been isolated from petroleum contaminated soil with in southeastern Turkey. This isolated strain was characterized to determine its hydrocarbon biodegradation potential. Phenotypic features and of 16 S gene sequence analysis of rRNA revealed that strain D8 belongs to the Enterobacter genus and most closely resembles Enterobacter ludwigii (100%). The optimum temperature and pH values for the growth of E. ludwigii D8 were found to be 30°C and 5.0, respectively. This bacterial strain grew in long and medium chain hydrocarbons such as 1% decane, pentadecane and squalene separately at the end of 3 day incubation in the basal medium (BM) under optimum conditions. It was shown that E. ludwigii strain D8 degrades about 27% of crude oil incubated for 5 days, while it degrades 29% of pentadecane after 3 days of incubation determined by Gas chromatography-MS analysis. The biodegradation potential of petroleum hydrocarbons of E. ludwigii strain D8 isolated and characterized in this study indicates that this strain may play a role in the bioremediation process.Öğe Melanogryllus desertus Pall. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)'un çeşitli gelişim evrelerinde total yağ asidi içeriği(1999) Başhan, Mehmet; Güven, KemalBu çalışmada laboratuvar şartlarında stok kültür ortamı üzerinde yetiştirilen karaçekirge Melanogryllus desertus'un yumurtası 7. 8. 9. nimf evreleri, bir günlük ve 30 günlük ergin erkek ve dişi bireylerinin total yağ asitleri bileşimleri gaz kromatografık yöntemle ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir. Analiz edilen böceklerin tüm gelişim evrelerinde yağ asidi bileşimlerinin büyük bir kısmını oleik, linoleik, palmitik ve stearik asitler oluşturdu. Palmitoleik, miristik, linolenik ve arakidik asitler daha düşük yüzdelerle bulunmuştur. Nimf evreleri ile bir günlük ergin böceklere palmitoleik ve oleik asitlerin oluşturduğu toplam doymamış yağ asitleri; 30 günlük erginlerde ise linoleik ve linolenik asitlerden oluşan toplam aşırı doymamış yağ asitleri, ortalama yüzde değerlerde yüksek bulundu.Öğe Optimization of the thermostable alkaline and Ca-dependent ?-amylase production from Bacillus paralicheniformis by statistical modeling(Serbian Chemical Society, 2019) Bekler, Fatma Matpan; Yalaz, Seçi̇l; Güven, Reyhan Gül; Güven, KemalA novel amylolytic enzyme producing thermoalkaliphilic bacterium, the source of industrially used enzymes was isolated. Isolated strain was identified by morphological, physio-biochemical tests and the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The optimal conditions of enzyme activity were determined. For higher α-amylase production, the variables such as yeast extract, starch, CaCl2, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl and MgSO4 in the α-amylase production medium, the temperature and pH were screened by Plackett–Burman design and optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were found to be 0.15 g/L for starch, 0.15 mg/L for CaCl2 and 60 °C for temperature. By using RSM model, amylase production increase was achieved sevenfold. It is showed that this method can be utilised to optimize α-amylase production in athermophilic bacteria such as Bacillus paralicheniformis. Keywords: α-amylase; Bacillus paralicheniformis; optimization; response surface methodology.Öğe PCR-based detection of alkane monooxygenase genes in the hydrocarbon and crude oil-degrading Acinetobacter strains from petroleum-contaminated soils(Serbian Chemical Society, 2024) Eren, Ayşe; Bekler, Fatma Matpan; Güven, KemalBacterial strains D11, E1 and E2 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soils were found to be members of Acinetobacter genus revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and phenotypic characteristics. After incubation for 5 days, about 43, 9 and 12 % of total petroleum hydrocarbons of crude oil were degraded by strains D11, E1 and E2, respectively, and determined by GC-MS analysis. Moreover, about 70 and 76 % of single hydrocarbon hexadecane was degraded by the strains D11 and E1 after 3 days of short incubation time, respectively, while the strain E2 degraded about 48 % of single hydrocarbon pentadecane. By using PCR-based method, gene sequences of the strains D11 and E2 showed similarity to alkane 1-monooxygenases from Acinetobacter sp. BUU8 alkM with 93.06 and 92.72 %, respectively, while the sequence similarity of strain E1 was 95.84 % to Acinetobacter sp. 826659. The present study of hydrocarbon biodegradation by Acinetobacter strains may provide a good advantage in bioremediation process. © 2024 Physical Society of Japan. All rights reserved.Öğe Production and Optimization of Exopolysaccharide from Thermophilic Bacteria(2022) Güven, Kemal; Bekler, Fatma Matpan; Polat, Nazlı; Tuşar, Firdevs RozanExopolysaccharides (EPS) are the large molecular weight carbohydrate polymers extracted from higher plants, algae, fungi and bacteria. The thermophilic Bacillus zhangzhounesis 2CA and Bacillus licheniformis 2CS used in the present study were isolated from Çermik hot springs. The growth conditions of the strains designated as 2CA and 2CS in different basal media (M1, M2 and M3), different carbon sources and different concentrations of yeast extract (%w v-1: 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) and the amount of EPS produced were investigated. In addition, the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the Lowry method were used to determine the amount of carbohydrates and proteins within the EPS produced by the bacteria, respectively. The highest total EPS dry weight for B. licheniformis 2ÇS was obtained as 121 mg in M3 medium (0.2% yeast extract + 1% sucrose), carbohydrate content in EPS was 333.28 µg mL-1 and protein content was 0.19 µg mL-1. When these two bacteria were compared in terms of the amount of carbohydrates in the EPS produced, the highest amount of carbohydrates was found in EPS of B. zhangzhounesis 2CA (1087.03 µg mL-1). The antibacterial effects of EPS were investigated against pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa). It was determined that the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (with 16 mm zone diameter) was obtained with EPS produced by B. licheniformis 2ÇS bacteria in M3 medium (0.2% yeast extract + 1% sucrose).Öğe Production and purification of novel thermostable alkaline protease from Anoxybacillus sp. KP1(Cellular and Molecular Biology Association, 2015) Bekler, Fatma Matpan; Acer, Ömer; Güven, KemalIn this study, an extracellular novel alkaline protease (EC 3.4.21-24, 99) from a thermophilic and aerobic strain of Anoxybacillus sp. KP1 has been studied. Maximum protease activity was obtained at 50 °C at pH 9.0 after 24 hours of incubation. Among the carbon and nitrogen sources used; the optimum protease production was with soluble starch, maltose, urea and casamino acid. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. Molecular weight of purified enzyme was determined as 106 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Purified protease was stable at 50-60 °C and at pH 9.0 for 1 h. The enzyme activity was increased in the presence of Ca2+, Cu2+, Tween 80 and Triton X-100, however the enzyme activity was inhibited in the presence of Hg2+, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and H2O2. Proteolytic activity was completely inhibited by phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). The enzyme seems to be a serine alkaline protease. In the presence of detergents, the protease was clearly stable and residual activity was between 73-82%.
