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    Effect of Deltamethrin Toxicity on Rat Retina and Examination of FAS and NOS Immunoactivity
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2021) Dag, Umut; Ermis, Isilay Sezen
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in the retina due to deltamethrin toxicity and the process in cell inflammation and apoptosis. STUDY DESIGN: Sixteen Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups as control (n=8) and deltamethrin (n=8) groups. Saline was given to the control group, and 0.5 mL of 5 mg/kg deltamethrin was given to the deltamethrin group for 14 days each. Blood was collected for biochemical analysis. Retinal tissue was processed for histological examination. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, MDA levels were high while GSH and CAT levels were low in the deltamethrin group. Histopathological analysis showed spaces between the pigment epithelium, irregularity in the delimiting membrane, degenerated ganglion, cone and bacillus cell, pyknotic nuclei, thinned inner limitation membrane, and thickened vascular wall. The control group showed FAS expression in the pigment layer limiting membranes, in the nuclei of many cone and bacillus cells, and ganglion cells in the control group sections. In the deltamethrin group, FAS expression was observed in the inner and outer limiting membranes of the pigment epithelium, cone and bacillus cells, and ganglion cell nuclei. In the control group, negative NOS expression in the pigment epithelium and outer limiting membranes, internal limitation membrane, and ganglion cells in the cone and bacillus cell nuclei were observed. In the deltamethrin group, NOS expression was positive in the pigment epithelium, cone and bacillus, and ganglion cell nuclei. CONCLUSION: We suggest that deltamethrin toxicity induced apoptotic process due to increased inflammation in the retina and may cause visual impairment as a result of neural damage.
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    THE EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID ON BONE AND BONE MARROW DEVELOPMENT OF DELTAMETHRIN TOXICITY TREATED DURING PREGNANCY IN NEWBORN PUP RATS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2022) Ozgokce, Cagdas; Ocal, Aydin; Ermis, Isilay Sezen; Deveci, Engin
    Deltamethrin (DLM) an insecticidal used against pests was administered to newborn pups of rats and the effect of folic acid (FA) on bone and bone marrow development during pregnancy was observed with biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Twenty Wistar albino rats (10-12 weeks old, all female) were categorized as as control and explore groups. Females were mated and the presence of spermatozoa in the vagina was observed.A vaginal smear was taken and the first day of pregnancy was detected and vaginal plug was checked. The first day was determined by the day the vaginal plug was observed. Newborn pups (n=32) were divided into four; control, DLM (oral gavage, 0.5 mL of 5 mg/kg BW), Folic acid group (oral gavage, 50 mu g/kg/day) and DLM + FA treated group. DLM+ FA were administered daily between 6-21 days of pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed blood samples were taken for RBC, Hb, Ht, MCH, MCHC and Plt parameters. MDA, CAT, and GSH in the bone marrow were determined after 21 days of DLM treatments. Femoral bones of the baby rats were taken into 10% formaldehyde then softened in EDTA solution for 5 days. Tissues were processed for histology and embedded in paraffin blocks. 5 mu m cross sections were taken, stained with Hematoxylin&Eosin. Remaining sections were applied primary antibodies TNF-alpha and caspase-3, examined under light microscope. Exposure of rats to DLM caused hematological changes by decreasing RBC, Hb, Ht, MCH, MCHC and Plt parameters. MDA values were significantly increased in DLM group compared to control and FA groups. MDA values were decreased in DLM+FA group compared to DLM group. GSH and CAT values were decreased in DLM group compared to control and FA groups. In DLM group, thinning of bone trabeculae structures in ossification area, narrowing of bone marrow areas, increase in extracellular matrix, pycnosis and apoptotic changes in nuclei of mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells between bone trabeculae were seen. DLM+FA group showed enlargement of trabaculae, condensation in mesenchymal cells and hematopoietic cells, and increase in mitotic activities of cells that will form bone marrow were apparent. DLM+FA group, positive TNF-alpha expression was observed in bone trabeculae, aggregated hematopoietic cells and macrophage cells. In DLM group, caspase-3 expression was positive in most of the osteoclast and aggregated hematopoietic cells around the bone trabeculae. In the DLM+FA group, caspase-3 expression was observed in a small number of macrophages and hematopoietic cells around the bone trabeculae area. It was thought that DLM toxicity in FA administration decreased in the direction of oxidative stress, and it was thought to provide angiogenic regulation by inducing bone development and hematopoietic cell differentiation.
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    The Investigation of Caspase-3 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Expression in Placentas of Patients with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
    (Imr Press, 2023) Ermis, Isilay Sezen; Asir, Firat; Oglak, Suleyman Cemil; Kaplan, Ozge; Aydeniz, Gul Ebru; Deveci, Engin
    Background: Caspase-3 is involved in the execution of apoptosis and is widely used as an apoptotic marker. Tumor necrosis factor-& alpha; (TNF-& alpha;) released from activated macrophages has various functions such as modulation of cell growth and differentiation, immunoreg-ulation, coagulation, and regulation of endothelial cell function. This study investigated the immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3 and TNF-& alpha; expression in the placentas of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: Placen-tas of 25 healthy, and 25 women with PPROM were processed for routine histological tissue processing. Placentas were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, caspase-3, and TNF-& alpha; immunostaining. Results: Normal placental histology was observed in the control group. Amniotic epithelium, vascular structures, and fibrinoid accumulation were histologically normal. Leukocyte infiltration, thinned vessel walls with dilatation and congestion, syncytial nodes, and fibrinoid accumulation were increased in the PPROM group. The immune activity of caspase-3 expression was mainly negative in placental components such as syncytial nodes, vascular endothelium, fibrinoid accumulation, and macrophages in the control group. In the PPROM group, caspase-3 positive reaction was increased in the amniotic membrane and epithelium, endothelial cells, fibrinoid accumulation, and areas of inflammatory cell infiltration. In the control group, negative TNF-& alpha; expression was observed in the placental membranes and structures. In the PPROM group, TNF-& alpha; expression was in-creased in inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, and syncytial nodes. Conclusions: Placentas of patients with PPROM showed loss and weakened membranes with increased placental pathology, and increased expression of caspase-3 and TNF-& alpha;. We suggest that caspase-3 and TNF-& alpha; signaling pathways can be used as a marker in the progression of PPROM.
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    Investigation of the Biochemical, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Effects of Honokiol on the Changes in the Choroid Plexus After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2021) Ermis, Isilay Sezen; Deveci, Engin
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of honokiol against the changes in the plexus choroideus tissue and the signaling. STUDY DESIGN: Rats were divided into 4 groups as control, honokiol, trauma, and trauma+honokiol groups. Traumatic brain injury was induced in Sprague-Dawley male rats (280-330 g) with a weight drop device using a 300 g/1 m weight-height impact. After 7 days of traumatic injury, blood samples were taken under ketamine hydroxide anesthesia and biochemical analyses were performed. The groups were compared in terms of biochemical values. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on tissue samples taken from the ventricular region. RESULTS: MDA and MPO values were high and GSH content was the lowest in the trauma group, but these values of honokiol treatment were close to those of the control group in the trauma+honokiol group. The increase in blood-brain barrier permeability was statistically significant in the trauma group as compared to the control and honokiol groups. Histopathological examination revealed degeneration in plexus epithelial cells, dilation and congestion in capillaries,increase in inflammatory cells around the basal membrane around the vessel, and increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Degeneration in cells was observed with honokiol treatment. It was observed that honokiol reduced inflammation and apoptotic effect. CONCLUSION: Honokiol, with its specific inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha protein, can effectively reduce inflammatory reactions. It was observed that it decreased the expression of APAF-1 and decreased the apoptosis of neurons. It was thought that it could regulate the plexus choroideus epithelial reorganization and CSF fluidity by improving the prognosis of motility dysfunction after traumatic brain injury.