THE EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID ON BONE AND BONE MARROW DEVELOPMENT OF DELTAMETHRIN TOXICITY TREATED DURING PREGNANCY IN NEWBORN PUP RATS

Deltamethrin (DLM) an insecticidal used against pests was administered to newborn pups of rats and the effect of folic acid (FA) on bone and bone marrow development during pregnancy was observed with biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Twenty Wistar albino rats (10-12 weeks old, all female) were categorized as as control and explore groups. Females were mated and the presence of spermatozoa in the vagina was observed.A vaginal smear was taken and the first day of pregnancy was detected and vaginal plug was checked. The first day was determined by the day the vaginal plug was observed. Newborn pups (n=32) were divided into four; control, DLM (oral gavage, 0.5 mL of 5 mg/kg BW), Folic acid group (oral gavage, 50 mu g/kg/day) and DLM + FA treated group. DLM+ FA were administered daily between 6-21 days of pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed blood samples were taken for RBC, Hb, Ht, MCH, MCHC and Plt parameters. MDA, CAT, and GSH in the bone marrow were determined after 21 days of DLM treatments. Femoral bones of the baby rats were taken into 10% formaldehyde then softened in EDTA solution for 5 days. Tissues were processed for histology and embedded in paraffin blocks. 5 mu m cross sections were taken, stained with Hematoxylin&Eosin. Remaining sections were applied primary antibodies TNF-alpha and caspase-3, examined under light microscope. Exposure of rats to DLM caused hematological changes by decreasing RBC, Hb, Ht, MCH, MCHC and Plt parameters. MDA values were significantly increased in DLM group compared to control and FA groups. MDA values were decreased in DLM+FA group compared to DLM group. GSH and CAT values were decreased in DLM group compared to control and FA groups. In DLM group, thinning of bone trabeculae structures in ossification area, narrowing of bone marrow areas, increase in extracellular matrix, pycnosis and apoptotic changes in nuclei of mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells between bone trabeculae were seen. DLM+FA group showed enlargement of trabaculae, condensation in mesenchymal cells and hematopoietic cells, and increase in mitotic activities of cells that will form bone marrow were apparent. DLM+FA group, positive TNF-alpha expression was observed in bone trabeculae, aggregated hematopoietic cells and macrophage cells. In DLM group, caspase-3 expression was positive in most of the osteoclast and aggregated hematopoietic cells around the bone trabeculae. In the DLM+FA group, caspase-3 expression was observed in a small number of macrophages and hematopoietic cells around the bone trabeculae area. It was thought that DLM toxicity in FA administration decreased in the direction of oxidative stress, and it was thought to provide angiogenic regulation by inducing bone development and hematopoietic cell differentiation.