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    Gentian violet solution for staining the anterior capsule
    (Amer Soc Cataract Refractive Surgery, 2000) Ünlü, K; Askünger, A; Söker, S; Kilinç, N; Karaca, C; Erdinc, M
    Purpose: To evaluate the histopathological changes after injecting gentian violet solution into the anterior chamber of rats and to describe a technique that uses gentian violet to allow a clear view of the anterior capsule during continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) in human eyes with white mature cataract. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Methods In this masked, experimental study (first stage), 0.05 mL of gentian violet 0.01% or 0.001% solution or balanced salt solution (BSS(R)) (control group) was injected into the anterior chamber of 30 eyes of 30 Wistar albino rats. One, 24, and 48 hours after injection, 4 eyes in each group and 2 eyes in the control group were enucleated, and histopathological examination was performed. In the second stage, these solutions were used for staining the anterior capsule in the 18 human eyes with white mature cataract. The success rate of CCC and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results: Histopathological examination revealed no pathology in any group. A CCC was completed in all cases. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed in human eyes except mild corneal edema and mild inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber that improved within 1 week. Mean follow-up was 3.4 months. Visualization of the anterior capsule was better with gentian violet 0.01% solution. Conclusions: Gentian violet solutions at 0.01% and 0.001% concentrations had no evident toxic effect that caused significant histopathological changes. The staining technique was practical and helped the surgeon visualize the anterior capsule. However, gentian violet may have adverse effects that lead to corneal edema. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000; 26:. 1228-1232 (C) 2000 ASCRS and ESCRS.
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    The role of enzymatic antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rat renal tissues
    (Mbr Press Inc, 1998) Isik, FB; Erdinc, L; Mete, N; Erdinc, M; Ketani, MA; Yokus, B
    The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, in kidney tissues were measured in rats treated with gentamicin alone (100 mg/kg/day subcutaneously (s.c.)) for 10 days or gentamicin together with vitamin E (300 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally (i.p)) for 10 days. Gentamicin caused depression in activities of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT)) and elevation in MDA levels. These effects were highly significant when compared to the effects of placebo in control group (P < 0.001). Vitamin E was found to be ineffective for preventing gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity as determined both functionally and histopathologically. Although there was a borderline decrease of MDA levels (p < 0.05) in rats taking vitamin E, there was no difference in the activities of antioxidant enzymes between the rats taking gentamicin with or without vitamin E. Our finding suggests that gentamicin nephrotoxicity causes a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and an increase in the level of lipid peroxidation, and vitamin E do not has any preventive effect against gentamicin nephrotoxicity.