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    ACUTE AND LONG-TERM PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON THE PLACENTA DURING SECOND TRIMESTER AND LABOR
    (Univ Quindio, 2023) Tast, Fatih; Erdemci, Fikri; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Asir, Firat; Ozudogru, Osman; Deveci, Engin
    Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected all the world. The consequence of the COVID-19 infection causes many disorders in many organs, one of them is the placenta. COVID-19 disease has long-term effects on various tissues after recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the placentas of pregnant women with healthy, COVID-19 positive during the second trimester and labor. Material and methods: A total of twenty-four pregnant women (8 patients per each group) were included in the study. Their placentas were processed for routine paraffin wax embedding protocol. The blood parameters of patients were recorded. Placental tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin dye and immune stained with TNF-a and ADAMTS-8. Statistical analysis was performed on blood and histological parameters.Results: AST and CRP values of biochemical parameters were higher in women with second trimester and labor groups than in the healthy group. Also, a significant increase in ALT values was observed in the labor group. Normal histology was observed in the placentas of healthy patients. More histopathology was recorded in the placentas of COVID-19 infected women compared to healthy placentas. The expression of TNF-a and ADAMTS-8 were found significantly higher in the COVID-19 placentas compared to the non-COVID-19 group.Conclusions: COVID-19 infection can cause pathological changes during pregnancy and labor. This study shows that COVID-19 not only acutely has adverse effects on placental pathologies but also has long-term effects. TNF-a and ADAMTS-8 primary antibodies can be a guide in demonstrating these effects.
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    Öğe
    Etiology and Histopathology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Current Approaches
    (Cem TIRINK, 2022) Erdemci, Fikri; Aşır, Fırat; Taş, Fatih
    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a widespread kind of dementia and is one of progressive neurodegenerative diseases that leads to permanent damage to neurons. It has known that genetic and non-genetic factors play a role in the etiopathogenesis of AD. The accepted genetic factors are mutations on genetic codes especially on PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP genes. However, non-genetic factors include advanced age, exposure to occupational factors, current disorders, and lifestyle characteristics of the person. The final AD diagnosis can establish by histopathological examination of the brain after death. Pathologically, AD has two distinguishing features. Of these, beta-amyloid (Aß) neurotic plaques are protein aggregates outside of nerve cells in the brain, whereas neurofibrillary tangles are structures found inside cells. The main component of amyloid plaques is Aß, and the main component of neurofibrillary tangles is tau protein. Despite current therapies for Alzheimer’s disease, no definitive treatment is available. Today, preventive and curative treatment approaches for the disease include cholinesterase inhibitors, neurotrophic factors, NMDA-receptor antagonists, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, estrogen replacement therapies, antioxidants, and regular sleep. Despite all these approaches for the disease, further multidisciplinary studies are needed for the definitive treatment of the disease.
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    Öğe
    Examining the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the umbilical cord
    (MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık, 2022) Taş, Fatih; Yılmaz, Mehmet; Erdemci, Fikri; Aşır, Fırat; Deveci, Engin
    Introduction: It is known that COVID-19 in pregnancy causes some negative consequences. Although some studies have been conducted on the possible effects of COVID-19 seen in late pregnancy, its effects in the previous trimesters are not clearly known. This study aimed to examine the umbilical cords of pregnant women who did not have COVID-19 and those who had in the second and third trimesters, after delivery using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Material and Method: The study included 27 pregnant women who had never had COVID-19 (n:9), who had had COVID-19 in the second trimester (n:9) and had had COVID-19 in the third trimester (n:9). After delivery, sections were taken from the umbilical cords of the pregnant women and examined with histopathological and immunohistochemical (VEGF and vimentin antibodies) methods. H-scores were determined for statistical analysis of immunohistochemical staining results. Group means were analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis Test. Results: In cases that had COVID-19 in the third trimester of pregnancy, histopathological findings were more significant than in the other groups. Hemorrhage, thinning of the tunica intima layer, and deterioration in its integrity were observed in the umbilical vascular structures of this group. VEGF and vimentin expression levels were higher in the third-trimester group than in the other groups. Conclusion: The COVID-19 disease has both acute and long-term effects. The presence of histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in the umbilical cord during the third trimester of pregnancy supports this information. Moreover, the high levels of expression of VEGF and vimentin in the umbilical cords of pregnant women may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the post-acute effects of these proteins.
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    Öğe
    Histopathological examination of the placenta after delivery in pregnant women with COVID-19
    (MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık, 2022) Taş, Fatih; Erdemci, Fikri; Aşır, Fırat; Maraşlı, Mustafa; Deveci, Engin
    Introduction: COVID-19 is a viral disease generated by a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. The consequences of this virus on the human placenta and the newborn are still unclear. IL-6 can disturb the placenta's immunological homeostasis and be employed as an inflammatory marker for the poor prognosis of COVID-19 infection. Bax has some features like being a key protein regulating apoptotic mechanisms and plays an important role in both maintaining dynamic balance and integrity in the placenta as in many tissues. This study aims to indicate the impact of COVID-19 on inflammation and apoptotic pathways in the placenta by using IL-6 and Bax antibodies. Material and Method: COVID-19 positive (n:10) and COVID-19 negative (n:10) normotensive placentas were included. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining (IL-6 and Bax antibodies) were applied. Statistical data of immunohistochemical (IL-6 and Bax expression) staining results were assessed by analyzing the H-score. Biochemical parameters were recorded. Group means were analyzed with a nonparametric Kruskal Wallis Test. Results: In the COVID-19 group, increased syncytial knots, fibrin deposition, inflammation, fibrinoid necrosis, neutrophil accumulation were observed. The COVID-19 group had considerably higher levels of IL-6 and Bax expression than the control group. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients had statistically lower WBC and higher CRP values than normotensive patients. Conclusion: COVID-19 has been linked to placental inflammation and trophoblast cell damage, both of which can result in major maternal and fetal problems during pregnancy. We found intense IL-6 expression in the placentas of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection. A rise in IL-6 levels triggers CRP production, and this increase is linked to the severity of COVID-19 as a risk factor. Also, we suggested that COVID-19 infection triggers the apoptotic process in placental tissue by increasing the expression of the proapoptotic Bax protein. It is clinically very significant to follow up COVID-19 positive pregnancies for maternal and fetal health. During this follow-up, IL-6 and Bax expression levels in the placenta, together with histopathological findings and serum CRP levels, can guide the evaluation of the prognosis, severity and response to treatment of the disease.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Testiste deneysel torsiyon/detorsiyon sonucu oluşturulmuş iskemi/reperfüzyon hasarında menengiç (pistacia terebinthus l.) ekstraktının etkisinin araştırılması
    (Dicle Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Erdemci, Fikri; Deveci, Engin
    Amaç: Bu tezin amacı testiste deneysel torsiyon/detorsiyon sonucu oluşturulmuş iskemi/reperfüzyon hasarında menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus L.) ekstraktının koruyucu ve tedavi edici etkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 48 adet Sprague Dawley türü erkek sıçan 6 gruba ayrıldı. Torsiyon-detorsiyon işlemi için hayvanların sağ ve sol testisleri 720 derece döndürülerek 3 saat torsiyon, ardından 3 saat detorsiyon işlemi uygulandı. Sham grubundaki hayvanların skrotumları cerrahi protokol ile açıldı, başka müdahale yapılmadan kapatıldı. Menengiç grubundaki hayvanlara sham grubundan farklı olarak 15 gün boyunca menengiç ekstresi verildi. Torsiyon-detorsiyon grubundaki hayvanlara 3 saat torsiyon, 3 saat detorsiyon işlemi uygulandı, hayvanlar sakrifiye edildi. Menengiç+torsiyon-detorsiyon grubundaki hayvanlara torsiyon-detorsiyon işleminden önceki 15 gün 2 ml/kg, torsiyon-detorsiyon+menengiç grubundaki hayvanlara torsiyon-detorsiyondan sonraki 15 gün 2 ml/kg, menengiç+torsiyon-detorsiyon+menengiç grubundaki hayvanlaraysa torsiyon-detorsiyondan önce ve sonra 15 gün boyunca 2 ml/kg menengiç ekstresi verildi. Deney sonunda hayvanların testisleri alınarak histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal değerlendirmeler yapıldı. Bulgular: Sham ve menengiç gruplarındaki hayvanların testis dokularında düzenli seminifer tübüller, bazal lamina üzerinde 5-6 sıralı germinal epitel izlendi. İntertstisyel alandaki kapillerler ile leydig hücrelerinin görünümlerinin normal olduğu görüldü. Torsiyon-detorsiyon grubundaki hayvanlarda seminifer tübüllerde harabiyet, spermatogenik hücrelerde bozulmalar, İnterstisyel alanda hemoraji, ödem ve damarlarda konjesyon izlendi. Menengiç+Torsiyon-detorsiyon grubundaki hayvanların seminifer tübüllerinde kısmen düzelmeler, damarlarda dilatasyon, konjesyon görüldü. Torsiyon-detorsiyon+menengiç ve menengiç+torsiyon-detorsiyon+menengiç gruplarında bazal laminanın sham grubuna benzer özellikler gösterdiği görüldü, damarlarda konjesyon izlendi. Sonuç: Menengiç ekstraktının testiste torsiyon-detorsiyon sonucu gelişen iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarına karşı testis dokusunun rejenerasyonuna katkıda bulunduğu tespit edildi. Tedavi gruplarında Apaf-1 ekspresyonunu baskılayarak hücrelerin yaşamlarına devam etmelerini desteklediği görüldü. Tedavi gruplarında Sox-9 ekspresyonunu arttırarak spermatogenezis sürecinin devam etmesine katkı sağladığı gözlendi.