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    Clinical and radiological evaluation of distal extremity lesions in racehorses
    (Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Kanay, Berna Ersöz; Çatalkaya, Emine; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Ketani, Muzaffer Aydın; Demirtaş, Berjan
    Distal extremity lesions are prevalent in racehorses and cause mild– to–severe lameness, adversely affecting the racing life of horses. This study aimed to determine the incidence of distal extremity lesions in racehorses, to clinically and radiologically assess those lesions. The study included 158 limbs from 140 horses with distal extremity lesions among 282 horses of different breeds, age and sex that were presented to Equine Hospital of the Directorate of Diyarbakir, Turkey, Hippodrome with various clinical complaints during a racing season. Following anamnesis, the horses were clinically examined and lameness was localised. In cases where the lameness could not be localised upon physical examination, regional anaesthesia was performed, followed by radiological assessments based on radiographs acquired from different positions. Clinical and radiological examination revealed that 84.17% of the cases occurred in the forelimb and 15.82% in the rear limb, and the lesions in the forelimb were mostly located in the carpal joint (26.58%), metacarpus (25.31%) and metacarpophalangeal joint (23.41%), whereas those in the rear limb were located in the tarsal joint (7.5%). Therefore, the lesions in the forelimbs were more prevalent than those in the rear limbs of the affected racehorses. Radiography remains a satisfactory imaging technique for the diagnostic imaging of distal limb injuries in horses owing to its cost–effectiveness.
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    Comparative effects of pravastatin and rosuvastatin on carbohydrate metabolism in an experimental diabetic rat model
    (Sciendo, 2024) Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Demirtaş, Berjan; Yokuş, Beran; Kesim, Dilek Aygün; Taşdemir, Ezel; Şermet, Abdurrahman
    Statin treatment may increase the risk of diabetes; there is insufficient data on how statins affect glucose regulation and glycemic control and the effects of statins on liver enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism have not been fully studied. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of the statin derivatives, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin, on carbohydrate metabolism in an experimental diabetic rat model. Female Wistar albino rats were used and diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Thereafter, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1) doses of both pravastatin and rosuvastatin were administered by oral gavage to the diabetic rats for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, body masses, the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver glycogen, and liver enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism were measured. Both doses of pravastatin significantly in creased the body mass in diabetic rats, however, rosuvastatin, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1) reduced the body mass signi ficantly. Pravastatin, especially at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1), caused significant increases in liver glycogen synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels but significant decreases in the levels of glycogen phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphatase. Hence, pravastatin partially ameliorated the adverse changes in liver enzymes caused by diabetes and, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1), reduced the fasting blood glucose level and increased the liver glycogen content. However, rosuvastatin, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1), significantly reduced the liver glycogen synthase and pyruvate kinase levels, but increased the glycogen phosphorylase level in diabetic rats. Rosuvastatin, 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1 )dose, caused significant decreases in the body mass and the liver glycogen content of diabetic rats. It can be concluded that pravastatin, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1) is more effective in ameliorating the negative effects of diabetes by modulating carbohydrate metabolism.
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    Effects of kefir on paraoxanase activity (PON1), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and serum lipid profiles in smokers and non-smokers
    (Soc Brasileira Ciencia Tecnologia Alimentos, 2022) Diken, Huda Oflazoğlu; Demirtaş, Berjan; Kaya, Hacer Kayhan
    Some scientific evidence indicates that antioxidant-rich diets may prevent the negative effects of free radicals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of kefir consumption on paraxonase-1 (PON1) activity, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and serum lipid parameters in smokers and non-smokers. At baseline, PON1 activity, TAS, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.05, respectively) whereas TOS, triglyceride (TG), and light-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher (all P 0.05) in smokers compared to non-smokers. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC) levels between two groups (P 0.01, respectively). Kefir consumption did not have any significant effect on TOS, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TG values both in smokers (all P 0.05) and non-smokers (all P>0.05). Regular consumption of kefir increases the PON1 activity and TAS value in both smokers and non-smokers. It can be concluded that kefir plays an important role in favor of antioxidants in the formation of antioxidant/ oxidant balance in both smokers and non-smokers.