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    Effects of Storage Temperature and Time on Stability of Serum Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine A Levels in Whole Blood by LC-MS/MS
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2015) Kaplan, Ibrahim; Yuksel, Hatice; Evliyaoglu, Osman; Basarali, M. Kemal; Toprak, Gulten; Colpan, Leyla; Sen, Velat
    Tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are immunosuppressant drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of tacrolimus and cyclosporin A levels in whole blood samples under different storage conditions. Whole blood samples were obtained from 15 patients receiving tacrolimus and 15 patients receiving cyclosporine A. Samples were immediately analyzed and then stored at different conditions (room temperature (24 degrees C-26 degrees C) for 24 hours, + 4 degrees C for 24 and 48 hours, and -20 degrees C for one month) and then analyzed again. For tacrolimus, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P = 0.005) (percent change 32.89%). However, there were no significant differences between the other groups. For cyclosporine A, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours (P = 0.003) (percent change 19.47%) and 48 hours (P = 0.002) (percent change 15.38%) at + 4 degrees C and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P = 0.011) (percent change 9.71%). Samples of tacrolimus should be analyzed immediately or stored at either + 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C, while samples of cyclosporine A should be analyzed immediately or stored at -20 degrees C.
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    Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with bipolar disorder
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2015) Kaplan, Ibrahim; Bulut, Mahmut; Atli, Abdullah; Gunes, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Cemal; Colpan, Leyla
    Objective Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal glycoprotein that is widely used as a tumour marker in adenocarcinomas. However, several non-neoplastic conditions, including acute and chronic inflammation and other inflammation-related conditions, are characterised by increased CEA concentrations. Bipolar disorder (BD) ranks seventh among the worldwide burden of non-fatal diseases. Inflammatory biomarkers have been considered as one of the main key pillars of a multifactorial approach for prediction of BD in an at-risk population. BP is accompanied by activation of inflammatory, cell-mediated and negative immunoregulatory cytokines. Methods We measured the levels of CEA in serum samples from 44 individuals with euthymic BP out-patients and 45 healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria. CEA was measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The mean serum CEA concentration was 2.361.52 and 1.77 +/- 0.98 mu g/l in patients and controls, respectively. CEA levels were significantly increased in euthymic BP patients when compared with controls (p=0.031). Conclusions This study suggests that CEA is increased in BD and supports a role for immune activation in the core pathological mechanisms of BP. CEA levels may be a secondary marker for diagnosing BP.
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    Serum Vitamin B12, Folic Acid and Ferritin Levels in Patients with Migraine
    (Turkish Neurological Soc, 2011) Acar, Abdullah; Evliyaoglu, Osman; Uzar, Ertugrul; Yucel, Yavuz; Cevik, Mehmet Ugur; Guzel, Isil; Colpan, Leyla
    Objective: It has been reported that disability due to migraine may be reduced with homocysteine-lowering treatment including folic acid and vitamin B12. In addition, periaqueductal gray matter iron deposits have been found recently to be increased in migraine patients. There are few studies regarding vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, and transferrin levels in patients with migraine. The aim of this study was to measure vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, and transferrin levels in patients with migraine and to compare them with the control group. Patients and Methods: Fifty-one consecutive newly diagnosed migraine patients who did not receive any vitamin supplement medication were enrolled. The study group consisted of 51 patients suffering from migraine with aura (n= 23) and migraine without aura (n= 28). The control group consisted of 28 healthy participants without history of headache, anemia or vitamin supplement. Serum vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, and transferrin levels were measured using a chemiluminescence method. Results: Migraine patients had significantly lower concentrations of vitamin B12 and folic acid compared with the healthy controls (for vitamin B12: 215.6 +/- 133.7 pg/mL vs. 289.9 +/- 12 pg/mL, respectively, p= 0.005; for folic acid: 6.74 (+/-) 4.31 pg/mL vs. 8.47 +/- 1.85 pg/mL, respectively, p= 0.048). The vitamin B12 levels were found to be significantly lower during attacks in migraine patients than in interictal periods (177.3 +/- 139.2 pg/mL vs. 252.5 +/- 119.5 pg/mL, p= 0.043). There were no differences in folic acid, and transferrin levels during attacks versus in the interictal period in patients with migraine (p>0.05). The ferritin levels were found to be significantly lower during attacks in migraine patients than in interictal periods (43.4 +/- 41.1 mg/mL vs. 75.4 +/- 51.7 mg/mL, respectively, p= 0.018). Conclusion: Migraine patients had lower serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels than healthy subjects. These findings support that vitamin B12 and folic acid may have a role in migraine pathogenesis and may be included in migraine prophylaxis. Further, this study indicated that iron homeostasis is disturbed in migraine attacks.