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    Intraocular pressure and quality of blockade in peribulbar Anesthesia using ropivacaine or lidocaine with adrenaline: A double-blind randomized study
    (Tohoku Univ Medical Press, 2004) Olmez, G; Cakmak, SS; Caca, I; Unlu, MK
    The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ropivacaine with those of lidocaine on the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the quality of the blockade in peribulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery. Fifty patients were allocated randomly into two groups and received 7-10 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine or 2% lidocaine with adrenaline, though the peribulbar two-point injection. The quality of the blockade was assessed by ocular and eyelid akinesia, pain during the peribulbar injection, and surgical satisfaction. The duration of the motor block was also evaluated after surgery. The IOP was measured using a Tonopen before the blockade (control) and at 1, 5, and 10 min after injection of the anesthetic. Lidocaine induced significantly lower akinesia scores at 6, 8, and 10 min post-injection than did ropivacaine. The mean IOP (mmHg) was significantly lower with respect to the baseline level at 10 min after blockade in the ropivacaine group compared with the lidocaine group. Ropivacaine also caused less pain on injection. There was no difference in surgical satisfaction between the groups. The duration of the motor block obtained with ropivacaine was longer than that obtained with lidocaine. Our data indicate that ropivacaine has efficacy similar to lidocaine, with slightly longer onset and duration of the motor blockade. In addition, ropivacaine (0.75%) induces lower IOP and less pain on injection than does lidocaine (2%) when used in peribulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery. (C) 2004 Tohoku University Medical Press.
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    Penetrating eye injuries from southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2004) Cakmak, SS; Unlu, MK; Olmez, G; Caca, I; Sakalar, YB; Acemoglu, H
    Objectives. This study analysed 420 patients with penetrating eye injuries who presented for treatment at the Eye Clinic of Dicle University Hospital in Turkey. The aim of the study was to identify preventable risk factors. Methods. A retrospective evaluation of patients who presented between January 1995 and December 2000 was undertaken. Cases were examined with regard to age, sex, profession, which eye was traumatized, reason for the trauma, nature of the trauma, time between injury and operation, and accompanying pathologies. Results. This study found that most penetrating eye injuries occurred in children aged 0-15 years, and these were mainly caused by accidents during play. For patients aged 16-60 years, penetrating eye injuries were mainly caused by work-related accidents. Conclusion. Most penetrating eye injuries were caused by preventable accidents. Many accidents and their resulting injuries could have been prevented by education, greater intensive care and workplace safety. (C) 2004 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All. rights reserved.
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    Surgical technique and postoperative complications in congenital cataract surgery
    (Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2006) Cakmak, SS; Caca, I; Unlu, MK; Cakmak, A; Olmez, G; Sakalar, YB
    Background: We evaluated cases that under-went congenital cataract surgery in terms of the surgical technique post-operative complications, and visual prognosis. Material/Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 132 eyes in 76 patients with congenital cataracts who underwent cataract surgery between January 1995 and December 2000. The patient age at surgery, surgical technique, post-operative complications, and final visual prognosis were evaluated. Results: Thirty eyes underwent aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation; 22 eyes underwent aspiration and posterior capsulotomy; 39 eyes underwent aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, and anterior vitrectomy; and 41 eyes underwent aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and IOL implantation. The most frequent complications were secondary cataract (24.2%), posterior synechiae (9.1%), and glaucoma (3%). Groups were compared according to surgical technique and incidence of complications. Complications occurred most frequently with aspiration and posterior capsulotomy and occurred less frequently with aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, and anterior vitrectomy; these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The difference in the final visual prognosis was statistically significant in the aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and IOL implantation groups as compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The mean follow up times was 15.5 +/- 1.78 months. Conclusions: The most frequent complication of congenital cataract surgery is secondary cataract formation. Today, posterior capsulotomy with anterior vitrectomy is the preferred method for decreasing the incidence of this complication.
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    Two cases of Goldenhar syndrome
    (Slack Inc, 2006) Caca, I; Unlu, K; Ari, S
    We describe two boys with Goldenhar syndrome. The 8-year-old boy had an epibulbar dermoid in his left eye, type I Duane syndrome, bilateral preauricular appendages, and an interauricular septal defect. The 10-year-old boy had an epibulbar dermoid in his right eye, appendages in the right preauricular region, and sensorineural hearing loss.