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    Comparison of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in maternal serum and vaginal secretion between pregnant women with preterm prelabour ruptures of membranes and healthy pregnant women
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Sak, Sibel; Barut, Mert; Incebiyik, Adnan; Agacayak, Elif; Kirmit, Adnan; Koyuncu, Ismail; Sak, Muhammet
    Objective: The study aims to evaluate the maternal serum and the vaginal fluid levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecular (sICAM-1) in pregnant women complicated by preterm prelabour ruptures of membranes (PPROM). Materials and methods: The prospective case control study included 34 pregnant women with PPROM and 34 healthy pregnant women. Patients with additional diseases, a smoking habit and vaginal bleeding, as well as those using antibiotics, during the study period were not included in the study. Cervicovaginal fluid and serum samples were taken during the patients' admission. The demographic data, maternal serum and vaginal fluid sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1, C reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte counts were noted for all pregnant women included in the study. The sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: In pregnant women with PPROM, the serum leukocyte (mean +/- SD =11.41 +/- 1.067 versus 9.18 +/- 1.56, p < .0001), serum sVCAM-1 (median 771.20 versus 704.60 ng/ml, p < .001), sICAM-1 (mean +/- SD 213.10 +/- 35.59 ng/ml versus 188.11 +/- 37.35 ng/ml, p = .06), vaginal sVCAM-1 (median 208.00 versus 140.20 ng/ml, p = .014) and sICAM-1 (mean +/- SD 32.32 +/- 6.49 ng/ml versus 24.87 +/- 6.79 ng/ml, p < .001) values were found to be significantly higher in pregnant women with PPROM than in healthy pregnant women. A positive and significant correlation was observed between the leukocyte count and the vaginal sVCAM-1 level (r = 0.850; p < .001). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the levels of sICAM-1 in maternal serum in pregnant women with PPROM. The maternal serum and vaginal fluid sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels can be used as biochemical markers supporting the PPROM diagnosis because of the increase in both maternal serum and vaginal fluid sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in pregnant women with PPROM.
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    Copper and ceruloplasmin levels are closely related to the severity of preeclampsia
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Sak, Sibel; Barut, Mert; Celik, Hakim; Incebiyik, Adnan; Agacayak, Elif; Uyanikoglu, Hacer; Kirmit, Adnan
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the maternal serum concentrations of copper (Cu) and ceruloplasmin (CP) in patients with mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, and to determine their association with the severity of the disease. Methods: This study was carried out at the largest tertiary care health center in the southeast region in Turkey and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University Hospital. A total of 179 pregnant women, including 58 healthy pregnant women and 71 mild preeclampsia, 26 severe preeclampsia, and 24 HELLP syndrome cases classified according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists? 2013 guidelines were included in this prospective study. Blood samples were taken from all the pregnant women to evaluate the serum Cu and CP levels. The Cu level was determined via atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, while the serum CP level was assessed with a nephelometric assay using an automatic image analyzer. Spearman?s rank correlation tests were used to determine the correlations between the serum levels of the antioxidative markers and the preeclampsia severity. Results: The mean???SD of the Cu was 81.2???11.84 ?g/dl in the mild preeclampsia cases and 160.2???20.89 ?g/dl in the severe preeclampsia cases (p?