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    ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY FOR SEEDCOTTON YIELD IN A SINGLE SEED DECENT POPULATION
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Bardak, Adem; Hayat, Khezir; Tekerek, Halil; Parlak, Donay; Celik, Sadettin; Khan, Rao Sohail Ahmad; Sever, Ali Can
    Variation is very important for the plant breeders and selection is effective when magnitude of variability in the breeding population is adequate. Genetic variability and heritability were observed among F-2:4 populations of cotton for three seasons. Parents, including G. barbadense (Askabat-100), G. hirsutum (Nazilli84S, Giza45, Albania-6172 and IS-4), and their F2:4 populations were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2015. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant differences for all the traits. On average basis, the F-2:4 populations showed better performance than parental cultivars for yield and yield components. Additionally, from moderately high to high heritability (broad sense) values (0.61-0.95) were calculated for all parameters in the populations. Yield contributing components specially number of bolls per plant and boll weight directly affected the seed cotton yield in all populations among which Albania6172 x Giza 45 exhibited the highest boll weight. In general, our results revealed that F-2:4 populations developed by single seed descent method held not only a larger genetic potential but also a positive association between yield and yield contributing traits. As a whole, it might be interpreted that moderate to high heritability could be used a selective parameter for plant improvement in segregating populations.
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    Association mapping of Verticillium Wilt Disease in a worldwide collection of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
    (MDPI, 2021) Bardak, Adem; Çelik, Sadettin; Erdoğan, Oktay; Ekinci, Remzi; Dumlupinar, Ziya
    Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the best plant fiber source in the world and provides the raw material for industry. Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is accepted as a major disease of cotton production. The most practical way to deal with verticillium wilt is to develop resistant/tolerant varieties after cultural practices. One of the effective selections in plant breeding is the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) via quantitative trait loci (QTL). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to discover the genetic markers associated with the disease. Through the association mapping analysis, common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were obtained using 4730 SNP alleles. As a result, twenty-three markers were associated with defoliating (PYDV6 isolate) pathotype, twenty-one markers with non-defoliating (Vd11 isolate) pathotype, ten QTL with Disease Severity Index (DSI) of the leaves at the 50–60% boll opening period and eight markers were associated with DSI in the stem section. Some of the markers that show significant associations are located on protein coding genes such as protein Mpv17-like, 21 kDa protein-like, transcription factor MYB113-like, protein dehydration-induced 19 homolog 3-like, F-box protein CPR30-like, extracellular ribonuclease LE-like, putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LIN, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At3g62890-like, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, tubby-like F-box protein 8, endoglucanase 16- like, glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2, metal tolerance protein 11-like, VAN3-binding protein-like, transformation/transcription domain-associated protein-like, pyruvate kinase isozyme A, ethylene-responsive transcription factor CRF2-like, molybdate transporter 2-like, IRK-interacting protein-like, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein, U3 small nucleolar RNAassociated protein 4-like, microtubule-associated protein futsch-like, transport and Golgi organization 2 homolog, splicing factor 3B subunit 3-like, mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15a-like, putative ankyrin repeat protein, and protein networked 1D-like. It has been reported in previous studies that most of these genes are associated with biotic and abiotic stress factors. As a result, once validated, it would be possible to use the markers obtained in the study in Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) breeding.
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    Investigation of generative high temperature tolerances of some cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties
    (Gültekin ÖZDEMİR, 2023) Demiray, Yusuf Güzel; Ekinci, Remzi; Bardak, Adem
    The potential of cotton genotypes to form buds, flowers and bolls is not sufficient to achieve cotton seed yield targets. Despite global warming buds, flowers and bolls that mature in cotton plants must be successfully transformed into products. However, this is related to the generative tolerance of the genotype to high temperature. In study aims to scan the negative effects of high temperature stress on the generative development on cotton varieties registered in Turkey in the last 10 years. The experiment was established in the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center trial field in 2020, with 4 blocks according to the Augmented design. Six standards (Tamcot Spnhix, SJU86, AGC208, ST468, ST474, Carmen) and 88 cotton varieties registered in Turkey National Variety List were used as trial material. In this study, high temperature pollen vitality stress index (HTPVSI) and high temperature shedding stress index (HTSSI) properties were investigated. According to the results of the experiments we conducted, it was determined that the HTPVSI values ranged between 0.17-1.26, the HTPVSI averages of the standards were 1.17, and the HTPVSI averages of the genotypes were 0.99. It has been determined that HTSSI values vary between 0.30-1.71. It was determined that the mean HTSSI values of the standards were 0.89 and the genotypes were 1.00. It was determined that there was a wide variation among the genotypes screened for generatively high temperature stress. Using HTSSI and HTPVSI features is recommended as a selection criterion since it is an important trait for screening genotypes in terms of tolerance or sensitivity to generative high temperature stress in cotton plants. In our study, the results were not similar to each other in terms of HTPVSI and HTSSI traits, due to the low share of flower shedding after applying HTSP (High Temperature Shock Practice: 96 hours of uninterrupted exposure to high temperature during generative periods) in the shedding rate. When the examined HTSSI and HTPVSI traits were examined together, no cotton genotypes were found to be generatively tolerant. In terms of sensitivity of genotypes to high temperature, 18 cotton genotypes were found in the medium tolerant group and 25 cotton genotypes were found in the sensitive group.
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    Investigation of vegetative high temperature tolerance of some cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties
    (Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2023) Demiray, Yusuf Güzel; Ekinci, Remzi; Bardak, Adem
    It was carried out to determine the harmful effects of high temperature stress on cotton plant during the vegetative development period in this study. The trial was established in the GAPUTAEM trial area in 2020, with 4 blocks according to the Augmented trial design. As standard; Tamcot Spnhix, SJU86, AGC208, STV468, ST474 and Carmen varieties and 88 cotton varieties registered in the National Variety List were used as trial material. In the study, the relative cell damage rate (RCI) and leaf high temperature stress index values (YYSSI) were investigated. Cell membrane damage (%RCI) varied between 41.81% and 74.84%; While the average of the standards was 68.15%, the general average was determined as 62.42%. Leaf high temperature stress index (YYSSI) values varied between 0.48 and 1.85, while the YYSSI average of the standards was 0.98, the overall YYSSI average of the experiment was found to be 1.02. It was determined that there was a wide variation among the genotypes screened for vegetatively high temperature stress. It has been concluded that YYSSI and RCI traits are important, effective, easy and applicable selection criteria for screening genotypes that are vegetatively tolerant and sensitive to high temperature stress in cotton plants. It is recommended to evaluate these two parameters together as it will provide more accurate results. It has been determined that Teksa 415 cotton variety is in the vegetatively tolerant group. Vegetatively, 31 genotypes were in the moderately tolerant group and 62 genotypes were in the susceptible group.
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    THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS ON CALLUS FORMATION IN COTTON ANTHERS
    (Bilal GÜMÜŞ, 2017) Korkunç, MEDET; Bardak, Adem; Ekinci, Remzi
    Cotton is a hot climatic industrial plant commonly planted on both the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Four different genotypes of cotton, Aşkabat-100 (G. barbadense ), Coker-312 and Stoneville-468 (G. hirsutum ), were studied for callus induction. The cotton anthers extracted from immature flower drafts (cotton gins) were used as explants. Cotton anthers taken from different length immature cotton combs  were used as explants. After samples taken from cotton anthers of different lengths (2, 3, 4, 5 mm) were subjected to sterilization with different NaOCl concentrations (% 10, % 20 ve % 30) prepared in sterilized glass containers for surface sterilization, the immature anthers found in the obtained were extracted and placed in feeding media with various amounts of different hormones to induce callus formation.  After the seeding is done, lids of the petri dishes have been closed and to prevent the air inflow and outflow were covered with  parafilms, then the petri dishes were left for dark in the climate room for about 30-60 days. The experiments were performed with repetitions of 3. Seeding was done every three days and the callus size and the regeneration rates that resulted from 5 week dark environment incubation were determinedOnce the anthers were transferred to the induction media, one-hour cold (4°C) shock and one-hour hot shock (40°C) were applied to them, they were kept in dark for a while and were left for collaganase in climate room at 16/24 light regime. All experiments in this study were performed in triplicates.  As the result of the experiments, the highest rate of callus formation was observed in Cooker 312 supplemented with 2mg/mL of NAA and 2 mg/L of BA hormones. Callus formation was also higher in the condition where NAA was used than the media supplemented with 2,4-D. Additionally, callus formation showed better results in cold and hot shock applied anthers compared to the ones that were not shocked. 
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    The effect of dıfferent hormone concentratıons on anther culture and embryo formatıon ın vıtro condıtıons ın cotton gossypıum spp.
    (Dicle Üniversitesi, 2017) Korkunç, Medet; Bardak, Adem; Ekinci, Remzi; Haliloğlu, Kamil
    The aim of the study is taking the anthers obtained from immature squares to culture in appropriate medium by using the anther culture technique in cotton and ensuring that the shoots grow into plantlet from previously obtained embryos. Aşkabat-100 Gossypium barbadense L. , Coker-312 and Stoneville-468 Gossypium hirsutum L. were studied for callus induction. In the research, cotton anthers taken from immature flower buds of different lengths 2, 3, 4, 5 mm were used. In the initiated cultures; in different length anthers, in Aşkabat100 type, the maximum rate of embyroid callus obtained is at 2 mm 97.00 , in the Stoneville-468 type at 5 mm length 72.63 and in the Coker-312 anther the highest rate of embryoid callus formation obtained is at 3 mm anther length 55.80 . As a result of the research, Aşkabat-100 type produced the best results for embryoid callus, embryoid and embryo formation. For embryogenic calluses later turning into embryoids, the most suitable values are measured in non-hormone 90.73 0.1-0.5 mg/l kinetin supplemented 76.00-61.60 and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D supplemented 97.00 medium. The highest embryo and shoot development were obtained in medium containing 66.47 0.5 mg/l kinetin. Embryo images for globular, heart, torpedo and kotiledon phases are obtained. After that, reproduction with maturing embryos and germination was observed and shoots were obtained 0.5-10 cm in length