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    Adsorption of crystal violet dye with selenium nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis from cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit stalk
    (Gültekin ÖZDEMİR, 2024) Solmaz, Alper; Turna, Talip; Baran, Ayşe
    Crystal violet (CV) dye is a water-soluble, toxic, resistant organic dye that is quite dangerous for the ecosystem and causes environmental pollution. This study synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) from agricultural Prunus avium L. (PaL.) wastes and removed crystal violet (CV) dye. In batch adsorption tests, the effects of pH, amount of adsorbent, time, initial concentration, and temperature were investigated. In this study, where 3 different kinetic and isotherm models were tested, it was determined that the most suitable kinetic and isotherm models for the removal of CV dye with PaL-Se NPs were Pseudo second order (R2:0.999) and Langmuir (R2:0.997), respectively. Additionally, the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) was calculated as 142.61 mgCV/g PaL-Se NP. Accordingly, it can be said that low-cost PaL-Se NPs synthesized by environmentally friendly methods are a suitable alternative for the removal of CV dye.
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    Adsorption of crystal violet dye with selenium nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis from cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit stalk
    (2024) Solmaz, Alper; Turna, Talip; Baran, Ayşe
    The rapid development of the global production printing and dyeing industry has led to an increase in the demand for various dyes. Crystal violet (CV), a versatile dye, is widely used in the textile industry and other applications. The reason for its widespread use is its effectiveness and the vivid color it gives to fabrics.CV dye is a water-soluble, toxic, resistant organic dye that is quite dangerous for the ecosystem and causes environmental pollution. Therefore, it must be removed before being released into the recipient environment. This study synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) from agricultural Prunus avium L. (PaL.) wastes and removed CV dye. In batch adsorption tests, the effects of pH, amount of adsorbent, time, initial concentration, and temperature were investigated. In this study, where 3 different kinetic and isotherm models were tested, it was determined that the most suitable kinetic and isotherm models for the removal of CV dye with PaL-Se NPs were Pseudo second order (R2:0.999) and Langmuir (R2:0.997), respectively. Additionally, the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) was calculated as 142.61 mgCV/g PaL-Se NP. Accordingly, it can be said that low-cost PaL-Se NPs synthesized by environmentally friendly methods are a suitable alternative for the removal of CV dye.
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    Adsorption of nickel(II) ions from aqueous solutions using Malatya clay: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2023) Onursal, Nilgün; Altunkaynak, Yalçın; Baran, Ayşe; Dal, Mehmet Can
    This paper evaluates Malatya clay (MC) for the removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions. For adsorption efficiency, the impacts of several factors, such as pH, starting metal ion concentration, and contact duration, were examined. The optimal initial Ni(II) ion concentration was determined to be 5 mg/L, the adsorption contact duration was 360 min, and the solution's pH was 6.27. Using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the surface characteristics of Malatya clay were examined. The isotherm data fit the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating chemical adsorption and likely irreversibility of the process, according to the results. At 298, 308, and 318 K, the adsorption capacities of Ni(II) were determined to be 10.267, 11.834, and 12.285 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption kinetic data revealed that the adsorption of Ni(II) metal ions followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to thermodynamic studies, Ni(II) ion adsorption on the MC is spontaneous and endothermic. MC has proven to be an effective and alternative material for the removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous media due to its excellent removal ability, availability, and low cost, as well as its features such as being able to be used without any chemical treatment and being environmentally friendly.
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    Anticancer Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) Synthesized from Mentha longifolia L. Leaf Extract
    (Iğdır Üniversitesi, 2024) İpek, Polat; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Baran, Ayşe
    Recently, there has been a remarkable increase in cancer and cancer-related deaths. In this study, the impacts of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) produced from the aqueous leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. (ML) on ovary adenocarcinoma (OVCAR-3), colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), and healthy retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE-1) lines were investigated. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was performed to discover its antiproliferative properties. As a result of the application of ML-ZnONPs on RPE-1, OVCAR-3, and HCT-116 cell lines at doses (µg/mL) of 250, 500, and 1000 for 24 hours, the viability rates (%) in the cell lines were 18.73-30.56, 21.98-28.76, and 27.27-40.93, respectively. In the 48-hour application, the viability rates (%) of the same cells were between 29.51-46.83, 32.49-40.81, and 46.82-44.37, respectively. The MTT test revealed that ML-ZnONPs strongly suppressed the growth of RPE-1, OVCAR-3, and HCT-116 cell lines. The test showed that the effect of dose increase and time on the viability of both cancer cell lines was negative.
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    Anticancer Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) Synthesized from Mentha longifolia L. Leaf Extract
    (2024) İpek, Polat; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Baran, Ayşe
    Recently, there has been a remarkable increase in cancer and cancer-related deaths. In this study, the impacts of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) produced from the aqueous leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. (ML) on ovary adenocarcinoma (OVCAR-3), colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), and healthy retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE-1) lines were investigated. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was performed to discover its antiproliferative properties. As a result of the application of ML-ZnONPs on RPE-1, OVCAR-3, and HCT-116 cell lines at doses (µg/mL) of 250, 500, and 1000 for 24 hours, the viability rates (%) in the cell lines were 18.73-30.56, 21.98-28.76, and 27.27-40.93, respectively. In the 48-hour application, the viability rates (%) of the same cells were between 29.51-46.83, 32.49-40.81, and 46.82-44.37, respectively. The MTT test revealed that ML-ZnONPs strongly suppressed the growth of RPE-1, OVCAR-3, and HCT-116 cell lines. The test showed that the effect of dose increase and time on the viability of both cancer cell lines was negative.
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    Antioxidant properties of allium turcicum Özhatay & cowley plant extract, its effects on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2024) İpek, Polat; Baran, Ayşe; Cebe, Deniz Barış; Ahmadian, Elham; Eftekhari, Aziz; Baran, Mehmet Fırat
    Cancer is a type of non-communicable disease that is responsible for numerous deaths worldwide. Cancer incidence and mortality rates are on the rise due to a combination of factors, such as a growing population, aging, and poor dietary habits. The Allium turcicum Özhatay & Cowley plant is an endemic plant in the area where it grows and is consumed by the public due to its various benefits. This endemic plant, which generally grows in high-altitude regions, is sold in bunches because it is costly, mixed with rock salt, crushed into powder, and consumed as a spice. The cytotoxic and growth-inhibitory effects of A. turcicum Özhatay & Cowley herb extract on human glioblastoma U373 cells, human colorectal carcinoma cell HCT-116, and healthy HUVEC cell lines were determined by the MTT method. After 24 and 48 h of application, logIC50 values in HUVEC, HCT-116, and U373 cells were defined as 3.737, 3.765; 3.513, 3.696, 4.476, and 4.104 μg/mL, respectively. We conducted a cell migration experiment to study the A. turcicum Özhatay & Cowley Extract (ATÖCE) impact on cancer cells’ metastatic behavior. Our findings indicate that ATÖCE has an inhibitory effect on the migration potential of the cells used in the study. We conducted experiments using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and total phenolic content to assess the antioxidant properties of ATÖCE. The findings from the antioxidant activity experiments revealed an activity level of 0.20 ± 0.046 at IC50. Additionally, the total phenolic content was measured to be 0.26 ± 0.044 mg GAE/g. Copyright © 2024 İPEK, Baran, Cebe, Ahmadian, Eftekhari and Baran.
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    Biosynthesis, characterization, and investigation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of silver nanoparticles using Solanum tuberosum peel aqueous extract
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2023) Xu, Jiajun; Yıldıztekin, Mahmut; Han, Dayong; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Ava, Canan Aytuğ; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün
    Metallic nanoparticle biosynthesis is thought to offer opportunities for a wide range of biological uses. The green process of turning biological waste into utilizable products gaining attention due to its economical and eco-friendly approach in recent years. This study reported the ability of Solanum tuberosum (ST) peel extract to the green synthesis of non-toxic, stable, small-sized silver nanoparticles without any toxic reducing agent utilizing the phytochemical components present in its structure. UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, flourier scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive analysis X-ray confirmed the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles. Also, dynamic light scattering and thermogravimetric analyses showed stable synthesized nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated against four different bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and a yeast, Candida albicans (C. albicans) using the minimum inhibitory concentration technique. The cytotoxic activities were determined against Human dermal fibroblast (HDF), glioblastoma (U118), colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2), and human ovarian (Skov-3) cell lines cancer cells using MTT test. The nanoparticle capping agents that could be involved in the reduction of silver ions to Ag NPs and their stabilization was identified using FTIR. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had a size ranging from 3.91 to 27.07 nm, showed crystalline nature, good stability (−31.3 mV), and the presence of capping agents. ST-Ag NPs significantly decreased the growth of bacterial strains after treatment. The in vitro analysis showed that the ST-Ag NPs demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against cell lines. Based on the data, it is feasible to infer that biogenic Ag NPs were capped with functional groups and demonstrated considerable potential as antibacterial and anticancer agents for biomedical and industrial applications.
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    Cytotoxic potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) derived from leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L.
    (Gültekin ÖZDEMİR, 2024) İpek, Polat; Baran, Ayşe; Hatipoğlu, Abdülkerim; Baran, Mehmet Fırat
    The search for alternative methods in cancer treatments has been going on for many years. In the current study conducted for this purpose, selenium nanoparticles (ML-SeNPs) were produced from the aqueous leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. easily and inexpensively, without harming the environment. The anticancer potential of ML-SeNPs on glioblastoma cell (U373), osteosarcoma cell (U2OS), and healthy retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE-1) lines was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid) test. For the test, ML-SeNPs were applied at 100, 300, and 600 µg/mL levels and interaction was provided for 24 and 48 hours. The survival rates (%) in RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines in the 24-hour application were 107.49-98.89, 97.66-86.82, and 87.81-83.37, respectively. The viability rates (%) of the cells in 48 hours of application were 72.27-87.39, 68.17-73.48, and 81.00-84.67, respectively. In general, it was discovered that the cytotoxic effect of ML-SeNPs on RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines was greater at low doses and increased over time. In-vivo studies that support the antiproliferative action of ML-SeNPs may boost the prospect of using them as therapeutic agents in potential cancer treatment procedures in the following years.
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    Cytotoxic potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) derived from leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L.
    (2024) İpek, Polat; Baran, Ayşe; Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Baran, Mehmet Fırat
    The search for alternative methods in cancer treatments has been going on for many years. In the current study conducted for this purpose, selenium nanoparticles (ML-SeNPs) were produced from the aqueous leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. easily and inexpensively, without harming the environment. The anticancer potential of ML-SeNPs on glioblastoma cell (U373), osteosarcoma cell (U2OS), and healthy retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE-1) lines was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid) test. For the test, ML-SeNPs were applied at 100, 300, and 600 µg/mL levels and interaction was provided for 24 and 48 hours. The survival rates (%) in RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines in the 24-hour application were 107.49-98.89, 97.66-86.82, and 87.81-83.37, respectively. The viability rates (%) of the cells in 48 hours of application were 72.27-87.39, 68.17-73.48, and 81.00-84.67, respectively. In general, it was discovered that the cytotoxic effect of ML-SeNPs on RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines was greater at low doses and increased over time. In-vivo studies that support the antiproliferative action of ML-SeNPs may boost the prospect of using them as therapeutic agents in potential cancer treatment procedures in the following years.
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    Deciphering the effect of Potentilla fulgens root extract against healthy HUVEC cell line and cancer cell lines (A549 and SKOV-3)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) İpek, Polat; Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Eftekhari, Aziz; Khusro, Ameer; Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi; Aliyev, Elvin; Khalilov, Rovshan
    Background: Potentilla fulgens, a highly valued indigenous medicinal herb grown in high altitudes of the Himalayan region with anticancer, hypoglycaemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiulcerogenic properties, are used in traditional systems of medicine. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of P. fulgens root extract, as one of the natural alternatives to chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment, on proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549), human ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3), and healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC). Methods: Anti-proliferative effect was assessed by MTT assay. The expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins was evaluated by western blotting. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) test were determined using standard kit methods. Results: Our results showed that the extract inhibited proliferation of HUVEC, A549, and SKOV-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. MTT assay analysis revealed that the extract significantly (P<0.05) induced mortality in HUVEC, A549, and SKOV-3 cells. Western blot results revealed increased expression of NF-κB after the extract treatment but led to the down-regulation in Beclin-1, Bax, extracellular-signal-related kinase 1 and 2, Sequestosome-1, and cleaved Casp-3 levels. Treatment groups showed an increase in TOS and TAC values in A549 and SKOV-3 cell lines, while HUVEC cell line showed an increase in TAC and a decrease in TOS values, compared to the control group. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that P. fulgens root extract inhibited the proliferation of healthy cells and cancer cells through cell cycle arrest, representing its limited application as therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
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    Determination of chemical components of the endemic species Allium turcicum L. plant extract by LC-MS/MS and evaluation of medicinal potentials
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) İpek, Polat; Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi; Karadağ, Musa; Zor, Murat
    The Allium turcicum L. (Zuzubak) plant as a cultivated vegetable have various health benefits and consumed as a food. Due to the shortcoming evidence in literature and the importance of this plant in folk medicine, in the present study, for the first time, we evaluated the bioactive profile of components (using LC-MS/MS), cytotoxicity, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial prospectives of Zuzubak methanol extract. Reported results show that the extract is rich in bioactive compounds and has anticancer activity with breast cancer cells (MCF-7), human prostate cancer cells (DU-145), and Human osteosarcoma cancer Cell lines of (IC50) in dose dependent manner in the concentration range of 31.25 ?g/mL and 2000 ?g/mL for 24 and 48 h. Western blotting results determined that the extract significantly suppressed the growth of U2OS, MCF-7, and DU-145 cancer cells by down expression of Ang-1 (angiogenic protein) and Beclin-1 (autophagy protein) and overexpression of Bax (a proapoptotic protein). The oxidative stress indices showed a reduction in RPE-1 and MCF-7 cells and an upsurge in U2OS and DU-145 cells. Additionally, the antimicrobial assay showed suppression of the growth of various pathogenic microorganisms in 4.00–8.00 ?g/concentrations of Zuzubak extract using the microdilution method. The phytochemicals identified showed promising anticancer, antioxidant effects, and antimicrobial properties, representing a valuable herbal source for drug development studies. © 2024 The Authors
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    Ecofriendly synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using agricultural Citrus fortunella waste and decolourization of crystal violet from aqueous solution
    (Wiley, 2024) Solmaz, Alper; Turna, Talip; Baran, Ayşe
    In this study, the reuse of Citrus fortunella (CF) plant waste, an agricultural product, was evaluated within the scope of sustainability. In this context, selenium nanoparticles (CF-Se NPs) were synthesized from CF waste extracts and crystal violet (CV) dye was removed. The characteristic structure of the synthesized CF-Se NPs was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopy, and point of zero charge (pH(pzc)). Batch adsorption tests were applied to determine the effect of the synthesized CF-Se NPs on CV removal. Four different kinetic and isotherm models were examined using error analysis functions. While the particle size of CF-Se NPs was determined as 27.58 nm, the pH(pzc) value was calculated as 9.40, the average surface charge distribution was -24.1 mV, and mass losses were 9.03% and 13.42% at 334.99 and 739.21(degrees)C, respectively. The most suitable kinetic and isotherm model for CV removal with CF-Se NPs was determined to be pseudo-second-order with a R-2-value of 0.999 and Freundlich with R-2-value of 0.993, and the q(max )was calculated as 23.55 mgCV/gCF-SeNPs. The effectiveness of CF-Se NPs synthesized from waste in CV removal is a remarkable issue in terms of sustainable production.
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    Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using ananas comosus fruit peels: Anticancer and antimicrobial activities
    (Hindawi LTD, 2022) Baran, Ayşe; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Huseynova, Irada; Khalilov, Rovshan; Eftekhari, Aziz; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Kavak, Deniz Evrim
    Metallic nanoparticles are valuable materials and have a range of uses. Nanoparticles synthesized from plant wastes by environment-friendly methods have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Also, the advantages of biological resources and synthesis methods are attracting attention. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Ananas comosus fruit peels using ecofriendly method steps. The characterization of the particles obtained was determined by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), Fourier scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles showed maximum absorbance at 463 nm, measuring 11.61 in crystal nanosize, and presented spherical in appearance. An antimicrobial activity test was determined with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. The nanoparticles showed promising inhibitory activity on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27833 bacteria, and Candida albicans yeast) at low concentrations. The cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles on different cancer cell lines were examined via the MTT assay.
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    Ecofriendly/Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of waste parts of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and evaluation of their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities
    (Hindawi Limited, 2021) Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Keskin, Cumali; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Valiyeva, Mahbuba; Mehraliyeva, Sevil; Khalilov, Rovshan; Eftekhari, Aziz
    Recycling wastes and providing their use in useful fields attract attention every day. In our study, with the extract prepared from the parts of the Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) plant that is not suitable for human consumption, silver nanoparticles were easily synthesized in an ec-friendly, energy-free way. Characterization of the obtained nanoparticles was done with a UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis data. In these data, it was determined that AgNPs have a maximum absorbance at 458.8 nm wavelength, a crystal nanosize of 28.78 nm, and a spherical appearance. The zeta potential of (-) 16.9 mV indicates that silver nanoparticles exhibit a stable structure. Particles show antimicrobial effects on pathogenic species at concentrations of 0.03-0.25 μg/ml, and it was determined by using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) microdilution method. By examining their cytotoxic effects on U118, CaCo-2, and Skov-3 cancer cell lines and healthy HDF cell lines by the MTT method, concentrations of inhibitive effects on survival were determined.
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    Fast and economical biosorption of lead (II) heavy metal in aqueous solutions by bacillus licheniformis sp.
    (Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2022) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Düz, M. Zahir; Baran, Ayşe; Keskin, Cumali
    Lead is used in many areas of industry. Considering the prevalence of use, there is an intense lead and heavy metal content in the wastes resulting from these applications, and the toxic pollution caused by these metals affects the nearest water source directly or indirectly. Lead poses a serious threat to all life forms in the ecosystem, even at low concentrations in water. Lead recovery with environmentally friendly methods is both easier and more economical. Bacillus licheniformis sp. type was used as a biosorbent in the study. Nearly 98.4% of lead was removed by using the batch biosorption method, at 25 oC, pH 5.5, with an adsorption capacity of 42.92 in 120 minutes. from the water. The properties of the biosorbent, such as its morphological appearance, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the functional groups affecting biosorption in the surface structure were investigated by fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)while its resistance to heat treatment was measured by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA). The lead(II) element content in the aqueous solution was also determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
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    Green synthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) from the skin (testa) of Pistacia vera L. (Siirt pistachio) and investigation of antimicrobial and anticancer potentials
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2023) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Ayşe; Kurt, Kadri; İpek, Polat; Eftekhari, Aziz; Khalilov, Rovshan; Fridunbayov, Ismayil; Cho, William C.
    Metallic nanoparticles created by ecologically friendly synthesis processes are becoming increasingly useful in a variety of applications. Because of their strong bioactive component qualities, biocompatible architectures, high stability, and low toxicity, green-produced selenium nanoparticles are particularly signifcant materials for various medicinal applications. Plants include a wealth of essential phytochemicals with therapeutic and medical capabilities. Pistachio vera L. (Siirt pistachio) is a seasonal fruit that is frequently consumed for its nutritional worth and health advantages. However, the outer colored skin of the P. vera (Siirt pistachio) fruit, which is not consumed, contains many biologically active compounds. In this study, plant-mediated synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was successfully accomplished after adding the sodium selenite solution to the aqueous extract of P. vera colored skin waste. The synthesized Se NPs were characterized with UV–Vis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta distribution, atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA) and diferential thermal analysis, X-ray difraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX). Biogenic Pistacia vera (PV) PV-SeNPs were also tested for their ability to suppress the development of various pathogenic bacteria and cancerous cell lines. The UV-visible (UV–Vis) spectra revealed an absorption peak at 325 nm, which refected the surface plasmon band. The signifcant selenium signal on the EDX spectrum at 1.5 keV confrmed the creation of Se NPs. The presence of several peaks on the FTIR spectrum of the aqueous extract of Pv and the nanoparticles indicated the presence of some important functional groups such as amines, carbonyl compounds, and phenols, which are important in facilitating the process of capping and bioreduction, as well as conferring stability to nanoparticles. The TEM microphotographs revealed that the nanoparticles were highly distributed, had a spherical morphological form, and were monodisperse below 10 nm. Biogenic Pv-SeNPs exhibited similar antimicrobial activity as standard antibiotics. However, it was determined that the cytotoxic activity of Se-NPs against cancer cell lines was quite high depending on the dose and time. As a result, the Pv-SeNPs are likely to be extremely benefcial in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors, as well as in the food and cosmetic industries, in producing antimicrobial and/or anticancer medications.
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    Green synthesis and evaluation of antipathogenic, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from Allium cepa L. peel aqueous extract
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2023) İpek, Polat; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Baran, Ayşe; Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Keskin, Cumali; Yıldıztekin, Mahmut
    Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have potentially therapeutic properties as they are synthesized via biomolecules as reducing and stabilizing agent(s). The aim of this study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of Au NPs using extracts from the Allium cepa (AC) red peel (skin) extract and investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity and also inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. UV–Vis peak at ~ 564 nm confirmed the Au NPs absorbance. TEM images revealed the formation of Au NPs with mostly spherical shapes and sizes between 6.08 and 54.20 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the important biological compounds responsible for the reduction of gold. The strong absorption property of Au NPs was studied by EDX. The produced Au NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against the bacterial and fungal strains tested, as well as efficient inhibitory activity against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The highest antimicrobial activities were found against Staphylococcus aureus (0.06° mg/ml) and Candida albicans (0.06° mg/ml). The antioxidant test findings revealed that AC-Au NPs had lesser activity when compared to normal antioxidants. The Au NPs showed excellent inhibitory efficacy against AChE and BChE. The proposed green technique could encourage the innocuous generation of Au NPs, implying therapeutic possibilities.
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    Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on the Raphanus sativus leaf aqueous extract and their toxicological/microbiological activities
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Baran, Ayşe; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Eftekhari, Aziz; Omarova, Sabina; Janas, Dawid
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have several uses. Many scientists are working on producing AgNPs from plant extracts for use as biomedicines against drug-resistant bacteria and malignant cell lines. In the current study, plant-based AgNPs were synthesized using Raphanus sativus L. (RS) leaf aqua extract. Different concentrations of AgNO3 were used to optimize the synthesis process of RS-AgNPs from the aqueous leaf extract. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to analyze the generated materials. Furthermore, to evaluate the biological properties of the obtained materials, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) pathogen strains were used for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Subsequently, healthy cell lines (human dermal fibroblast (HDF)) and cancerous cell lines (glioma/U118, Ovarian/Skov-3, and colorectal adenocarcinoma/CaCo-2) were engaged to determine the cytotoxic effects of the synthesized NPs. The cytotoxic and anti-pathogenic potential of AgNPs synthesized by the proposed green approach was investigated. The results were encouraging compared to the standards and other controls. Plant-based AgNPs were found to be potential therapeutic agents against the human colon cancer cell (CaCo-2) and showed strong inhibitory activity on Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus growth. The RS-AgNPs generated have highly effective antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria. Our findings also show that green RS-AgNPs are more cytotoxic against cancerous cell lines than normal cell lines. Synthesized nanoparticles with desirable morphology and ease of preparation are thought to be promising materials for antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and catalytic applications.
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    Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from papaver rhoeas L. Leaf Extract: Cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) İpek, Polat; Yıldız, Reşit; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Baran, Ayşe; Sufianov, Albert; Beylerli, Ozal
    In the last few decades, the search for metal nanoparticles as an alternative to cancer treatments and antibiotics has increased. In this article, the spectroscopic (ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis), electron-dispersing X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)), microscopic (field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM)), structural (X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and zetasizer), and analytic (thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TGA-DTA)) characterization of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced from Papaver rhoeas (PR) L. leaf extract are presented. PR-AgNPs are generally spherical and have a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 464.03 nm. The dimensions of the manufactured nanomaterial are in the range of 1.47–7.31 nm. PR-AgNPs have high thermal stability and a zeta potential of −36.1 mV. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (mg L−1) of PR-AgNPs on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans are 1.50, 0.75, 3.00, 6.00, and 0.37, respectively. In the study, the cytotoxic and proliferative effects of PR-AgNPs using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method on various cancer cell lines (CACO-2 (human colon adenocarcinoma cell), MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell), T98-G (glioblastoma multiforme cell), and healthy HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cell)) cell lines are presented. After 24 and 48 h of the application, the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (μg mL−1) of PR-AgNPs on HUVEC, CACO-2, MCF-7, and T98-G lines are 2.365 and 2.380; 2.526 and 2.521; 3.274 and 3.318; 3.472 and 3.526, respectively. Comprehensive in vivo research of PR-AgNPs is proposed to reveal their potential for usage in sectors such as nanomedicine and nanochemistry.
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    Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Allium cepa L. peel extract, their antioxidant, antipathogenic, and anticholinesterase activity
    (MDPI, 2023) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Ayşe; Hatipoǧlu, Abdülkerim; Yıldıztekin, Mahmut; Küçükaydın, Selçuk; Hoşgören, Hülya
    The present work deals with the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Allium cepa (yellowish peel) and the evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. For the synthesis of AgNPs, peel aqueous extract (200 mL) was treated with a 40 mM AgNO3 solution (200 mL) at room temperature, and a color change was observed. In UV-Visible spectroscopy, an absorption peak formation at ~439 nm was the sign that AgNPs were present in the reaction solution. UV-vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, TG/DT analyses, and Zetasizer techniques were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The crystal average size and zeta potential of AC-AgNPs with predominantly spherical shapes were measured as 19.47 ± 1.12 nm and −13.1 mV, respectively. Pathogenic microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were used for the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test. When compared to tested standard antibiotics, AC-AgNPs demonstrated good growth inhibitory activities on P. aeuruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus strains. In vitro, the antioxidant properties of AC-AgNPs were measured using different spectrophotometric techniques. In the β-Carotene linoleic acid lipid peroxidation assay, AC-AgNPs showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 116.9 µg/mL, followed by metal-chelating capacity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 120.4 µg/mL and 128.5 µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effects of produced AgNPs on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric techniques. This study provides an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and easy method for the synthesis of AgNPs that can be used for biomedical activities and also has other possible industrial applications.