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Öğe Castleman's disease in the porta hepatis(Springer-Verlag, 2000) Uzunlar, AK; Özates, M; Yaldiz, M; Büyükbayram, H; Özaydin, MWe report the CT, ultrasonographic, and pathologic features of a localized forms of Castleman's disease in the porta hepatis due to their unusual location. Our report suggests that the CT and the ultrasonographic features of Castleman's disease in these locations without calcifications is nonspecific.Öğe Conjunctival deposits as the first sign of systemic sarcoidosis in a pediatric patient(Wichtig Editore, 2006) Çaça, I; Ünlü, K; Büyükbayram, H; Ari, SPURPOSE. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown cause, characterized by noncaseating, granulomas. In this study, the authors present a sarcoidosis patient without systemic signs diagnosed by histopathologic analysis of conjunctival deposits. METHODS. A 10-year-old girl had bilateral, focal, multilobular, multiple pale yellow deposits in bulbar conjunctiva for a year. In the patient's biomicroscopic examination, numerous 0.50 to 2-mm diameter pale yellow deposits were determined in both bulbar conjunctivas. The patient had no other systemic or ocular complaints. A conjunctival biopsy was performed. RESULTS. The biopsy specimens showed noncaseating granulomas with prominent asteroid bodies. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were increased in the patient. Conjunctival deposits were the first manifestation of sarcoidosis in the patient and the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was confirmed with a conjunctival biopsy. CONCLUSIONS. To the authors' knowledge, this is the second study that reports a sarcoidosis patient with non-systemic involvement diagnosed after histopathologic analysis of conjunctival deposits.Öğe Does the analysis based on a histological and immunohistochemical grading system in the model of BDL kidney allow the quantification of the degree of injury?(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2004) Büyükbayram, H; Öztürk, H; Kara, IJ; Arslan, AThe aim of this study is to evaluate histopathological findings induced by N-Omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and molsidomine (MOL) on the kidney of bile duct ligated rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats, each weighing 125 to 140 g, were included in the study. Extent of histological glomerular injury scores (GIS), arterial injury scores (AIS), and tubulointerstitial injury scores (TIS) in each animal were graded. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), tenascin, lectin (Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1), and vimentin were used to determine extent of the injury. The cholestasis was evidenced by a significant increase in the levels of serum total bilirubin in BDL rats (p<0.01). Malondialdeyde MDA levels increased by the bile duct ligation (BDL) to 12.10 +/- 0.45. This value was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.01). Changes in the BDL kidney were marked at 7 days after surgery. GIS were observed to have the highest score, especially at juxtamedullary region in BDL/L-NAME rats, and AIS were also the highest score in this region. These observations were lower in BDL/MOL rats. There is a correlation between GIS and AIS scores (r=.2, p<.01). TIS revealed that BDL/L-NAME rats were significantly more damage than rats in the other groups (p<.001). MOL-treated rats showed considerably fewer lesions in the tubules and interstitium (p<.001). The tubular injuries observed in BDL and BDL/L-NAME rats were significantly attenuated by MOL treatment. Lectin was more and extensively stained in tubular epithelia of the BDL/L-NAME group than in the other (p<.05). Expression of tenascin in tubular epithelia was significantly higher in BDL and BDL/L-NAME as compared with controls (p<.01). Fibrous tissue was only observed in the BDL and BDL/L-NAME group. These areas were weakly stained with vimentin. alpha-SMA staining was more reduced in the L-NAME-treated arterioles than in BDL/MOL (p<.05). In conclusion, the analysis of cell injury based on a histological grading system in the model of BDL kidney allows the quantification of the degree of injury.Öğe The effects of electromagnetic field on distraction osteogenesis(Yonsei Univ Coll Medicine, 2003) Kesemenli, CC; Subasi, M; Kaya, H; Sert, C; Büyükbayram, H; Arslan, H; Necmioglu, SThe effects of electromagnetic field on distraction osteogenesis and new bony tissue were investigated. Twenty-five New Zealand rabbits were divided into an experimental (12 rabbits) and a control (13 rabbits) group. An osteotomy was performed on the right tibia in the diaphyseal region in both groups. The experimental group was exposed to a magnetic field of 50 Hz 1.0 mT for 3 hours a day for 13 weeks. The control group was kept in a similar environment but with no electromagnetic field. The distraction was continued until an increase of 10 mm was achieved. At weeks 4, 8, and 13, radiography, scintigraphy, and a biopsy were performed in both groups, and the results were statistically analyzed. The X-ray results were similar in both groups at all times. On the other hand while the scintigraphic and histopathological results were similar at weeks 4 and 13 in both groups, the osteoblastic activity was significantly greater in the experimental group at week 8 (p<0.01). In conclusion an electromagnetic field increases the osteoblastic activity and osteogenesis, but has little effect during the remodeling phase.Öğe Effects of in vivo freezing and mannitol in intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2003) Aldemir, M; Öztürk, H; Güloglu, C; Büyükbayram, HPurpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether in vivo freezing and mannitol administration can protect the small intestine against ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Methods: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-225 g) were divided into 5 groups each containing 10 rats; group SO, sham operation group; group 1, mesenteric ischaemia group; group R, ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R); group FR, I-R plus in vivo freezing; group MR, I-R plus mannitol treatment. Intestinal ischaemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 60 min were applied. Ileum specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and histological changes. Results: The mucosal injury scores of group R were significantly higher than those of the group I (P < 0.0001). The mucosal injury scores in the groups FR and MR were significantly lower than the group R (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In the group FR, mucosal injury scores were not significantly different from those of group I (P = 0.123). However, mucosal injury scores of group MR were significantly less when compared to those of group I (P = 0.01). Mean MDA levels of group R were significantly higher than those of the group I (P < 0.0001). Mean MDA levels of groups FR and MR were significantly lower than those of group R (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively.). In addition, MDA levels of group FR were significantly higher than those of group MR (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: In conclusion, these observations suggest that the in vivo freezing of SMA and the pre-treatment with mannitol before reperfusion period may be useful in preventing intestinal reperfusion injury. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of molsidomine and lexipafant in hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2004) Aldemir, M; Boşnak, Mehmet; Al, B; Büyükbayram, H; Taçyildiz, IPurpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitric oxide donor molsidomine and platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist lexipafant on the hepatic IR injury in rats. Methods: Fifty mate Sprague-Dawley rats (200-225 g) were divided into five groups each containing 10 rats; group SO: Sham operation group; group 1: hepatic ischaemia group; group IR: ischaernia-reperfusion (IR); group M: IR plus pretreatment with molsidomine; group L: IR plus pretreatment with lexipafant. Hepatic ischaemia and reperfusion, each were applied for 45 min. Hepatic specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and histological changes. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture for determination of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). Results: The liver damage scores of groups 1, IR, M and L were significantly higher than that of group SO (P < 0.001). The liver damage scores of groups IR and M, were significantly higher than that of group 1 (P = 0.009 and 0.0035, respectively). The liver damage scores of groups M and L were significantly tower than that of group IR (P < 0.001 for both M and L). Mean MDA levels of groups 1 and IR were significantly higher than those of group SO (P < 0.001). Administrations of molsidomine and lexipafant prior to ischaernia-reperfusion (IR) resulted in significant reduction of the MDA values (P < 0.001). A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the levels of AST, ALT and LDH was observed in groups M and L compared with group IR. Conclusion: In conclusion, these observations suggest that pre-treatment with nitric oxide donor molsidomine and PAF antagonist lexipafant before the reperfusion period may be useful in preventing hepatic reperfusion injury. ((C))2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of octreotide acetate and Saccharomyces boulardii on bacterial translocation in an experimental intestinal loop obstruction model of rats(Tohoku Univ Medical Press, 2002) Aldemir, M; Kököglu, ÖF; Geyik, MF; Büyükbayram, HIntestinal obstruction (IO) induces bacterial translocation (BT) due to mucosal disruption, motility dysfunction, and increased intestinal volume, leading to bacterial overgrowth. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of octreotide acetate (OA) and Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) on the BT and intestinal integrity in an animal model of intestinal loop obstruction (LO). Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were randomized into 4 groups containing 10 rats each. Complete 10 was created in the distal ileum of rats by a single 3-0 silk suture (LO). Group Sham: Sham (Laparotomy only was performed in this group); group LO: LO; group OA: LO plus OA (100,mug/kg, at 0, 12 hours of obstruction); group (SB): LO plus SB (800 mg/kg/day, via orogastric and preoperative for 3 days). After 24 hours, samples of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, spleen and blood were obtained and cultured. The terminal ileum specimens were examined histopathologically. There were no BT in group Sham, but BT was noticed totally in 31 (77.5%) cultures in group LO. This rate was reduced to 30% (n = 12), 10% (n = 4) in the groups OA and SB respectively. Bacterial translocations of MLN and the liver in group LO were significantly higher than those of groups OA and SB. Bacterial translocations of the both spleen and blood in group LO were significantly higher than those of groups OA and SB. The mean bacterial counts, colony-forming units per gram tissue (cfu/g), in the MLN, liver and spleen of group LO were found significantly higher than those of groups OA and SB. The mean villus height in group OA was significantly higher than that of group LO and it in the group SB significantly higher than those of groups LO and OA. The present experimental study has demonstrated that OA and SB may have protective effects against BT in mechanical bowel obstruction and additionally SB preserves intestinal mucosal integrity.Öğe Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid, glutamine and polyclonal immunoglobulins on bacterial translocation in common bile duct ligated rats(Blackwell Publishing Asia, 2003) Aldemir, M; Geyik, MF; Kökoglu, ÖF; Büyükbayram, H; Hosoglu, S; Yagmur, YBackground: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), glutamine and i.v. polyclonal immunoglobulins ( IVIG) on the bacterial translocation (BT) and intestinal integrity of obstructive jaundice (OJ) in an animal model. Methods: Fifty rats were randomized into five groups containing 10 rats each. All procedures were performed aseptically under general anaesthesia using intramuscular ketamine ( 25 mg/kg). The abdomen was opened and the common bile duct was identified, mobilized, doubly ligated using 5-0 silk and divided. In group 1 ( the 'sham' group), the rats had a similar incision followed by mobilization of the common bile duct (CBD), without ligation or division. In group 2 rats, only common bile duct ligation (CBDL) was performed. In group 3, CBDL was performed and UDCA was administered by orogastric intubation once daily. In group 4 rats, CBDL was performed and glutamine was given by orogastric intubation once daily. Therapeutic substances were started orally on the day CBDL was fulfilled and were continued for 7 days. In group 5, IVIG was administrated via a femoral vein catheter just before CBDL. The animals were killed at the end of the 7th day, and serum levels of total bilirubin ( TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were measured. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, spleen and blood were cultured. The terminal ileum specimens were examined histopathologically. Results: Bacterial translocation significantly increased in the MLN and spleen of rats in group 2 as compared to groups 3, 4 and 5 (P < 0.05, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). The BT of the liver in group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 5 (P < 0.05). In the blood, the BT was significantly higher in group 2 than groups 3, 4 and 5 ( P < 0.05). The bacterial counts, colony- forming units per gram tissue (cfu/g), were found significantly higher in MLN, liver and spleen of rats in group 2 than those of groups 3, 4 and 5 ( P = 0.000). The average villus height in the group 4 was significantly higher than that of groups 2, 3 and 5 ( P = 0.000). Conclusion: The present experimental study has demonstrated that the administration of glutamine, UDCA and IVIG reduce the incidence of BT and additionally glutamine preserves intestinal mucosal integrity.Öğe Hodgkin's disease variant of Richter's transformation -: A case report(Humana Press Inc, 2002) Isikdogan, A; Ayyildiz, O; Büyükbayram, H; Müftüoglu, EHodgkin's disease rarely develops in patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Patients developing Hodgkin's disease after the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia have been called the Hodgkin's disc, ease variant of Richter's transformation. We present a 62-yr-old man with a 17-mo history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who clinically and hematologically on remission was admitted to our clinic because of rapidly developing right cervical lymphadenopathy. He was diagnosed with lymph node biopsy as a mixed-cellularity Hodgkin's disease.Öğe Multiple jejunal diverticulitis with perforation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus(Springer-Verlag, 2004) Yagmur, Y; Aldemir, M; Büyükbayram, H; Taçyildiz, IA 70-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was brought to our Emergency Department after the sudden onset of acute and severe abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed a tender and distended abdomen with guarding and rebound tenderness in the periumbilical region and the left upper quadrant. A plain abdominal X-ray taken with the patient upright showed air fluid levels with dilatation of several loops in the small bowel. As the examination could not rule out bowel ischemia, perforation, or obstruction, an emergency laparotomy was performed, which revealed multiple jejunal diverticulosis, one of which had perforated and adhered to the right colon, causing rotation. The diverticulosis segment was resected and an end-to-end anastomosis was done. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery without any complications. This is an unusual cause of peritonitis in a patient with SLE, and we could not find any evidence to suggest involvement of the underlying SLE in the jejunal diverticulosis and diverticulitis in this patient. Nevertheless, the involvement of SLE might be possible and further investigation is warranted.Öğe Non-squamous papilloma of the bronchus(Med Assoc S Africa, 2000) Sari, I; Uzunlar, AK; Büyükbayram, H; Ozçelik, C; Yilmaz, F; Özaydin, M[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The preventive effect of rofecoxib in postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions(Acta Medical Belgica, 2004) Aldemir, M; Öztürk, H; Erten, G; Büyükbayram, HBackground : Previous studies showed that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs suppressed prostaglandin synthesis and were able to prevent adhesion formation following surgical trauma to the peritoneum. The selective suppression inflammatory cascade may prevent adhesion formation. Therefore, we planned this study to experimentally evaluate the effects of Rofecoxib, the selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor, in postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions in an animal model. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups of 10. All rats underwent midline laparotomy under ketamine anaesthesia (25 mg/kg im). In group I (n = 10), the sham operation group (SG); abdominal walls were closed without any process after 2 minutes. In Group 2 (n = 10), the control group (CG); standard serosal damage was constituted and the abdominal wall was closed. In group 3 (n = 10), the COX-2 group (COXG), after serosal damage, the abdominal wall was closed. A 12 mg/kg/day dose of was given orally to the rats during one week. On the 711, postoperative day, all rats were sacrificed and intra-abdominal adhesions were evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically. Results : Macroscopically, no serious adhesion formations were seen in the SG. Multiple adhesion formations of the CG were significantly more than those of the SG (p < 0.0001). It was determined that adhesions of the COXG diminished (p < 0.0001) when macromorphological adhesion scale results of the COXG were compared with those of the CG. The adhesion scores of the CG were compared microscopically with those of the COXG and granulation tissue formation and fibrosis in the COXG were found to be significantly less than those of the CG (respectively p = 0.002, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: We were of the opinion that Rofecoxib, the selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, was effective in the prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions.Öğe The protective effects of nitric oxide on the contralateral testis in prepubertal rats with unilateral testicular torsion(Blackwell Science Ltd, 2000) Dokucu, AI; Öztürk, H; Özdemir, E; Ketani, A; Büyükbayram, H; Yücesan, SObjective To investigate histological changes in the contralateral testis of rats with unilateral testicular torsion and the protective effects of nitric oxide (NO) on possible damage. Material and methods Twenty-eight prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 underwent a sham operation of the right testis under general anaesthesia. Group 2 underwent a similar operation but the right testis was rotated 720 degrees clockwise for 6 h, maintained by fixing the testis to the scrotum, and saline infused during the procedure. Group 3 underwent similar torsion but L-arginine methyl ester (a precursor of NO) was infused during the procedure. In Group 4, N-G-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, a NO synthase inhibitor, was infused separately during the administration of L-arginine methylester and torsion. All the left (untwisted) testes were removed from rats 21 days after surgery and evaluated histologically, assessing seminiferous tubule diameter, loss of sperm and spermatids, loss of germ cell layers, disarray of germ cell layers, rupture of tubules, Leydig cell proliferation and reaction in the ruptured tubules, and oedema. Results There was a significant difference in the indicators of histological damage between groups 2 and 4 and groups 1 and 3, except for the Leydig cell reaction in the ruptured tubules and oedema. The damage was significantly less in group 3 than in groups 2 and 4. Conclusion These results suggest that long-term histopathological changes in the contralateral testes are important after unilateral testicular torsion and that NO has a protective effect on the contralateral testis.Öğe Protective effects of recombinant human interleukin-10 on intestines of hypoxia-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in immature rats(W B Saunders Co, 2002) Öztürk, H; Dokucu, AI; Ögun, C; Büyükbayram, HBackground/Purpose: The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of hemodynamic instability or tissue destruction in patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains undefined. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of recombinant human interleukin-102 (rhIL-10) on intestines of hypoxia-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in immature rats. Methods: The study was performed on 1-day-old Sprague Dawley rat pups. Group 1 (n = 8) served as nonhypoxic controls. Group 2 (untreated, n 11) rats were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/O) and then were returned to their mothers. Group 3 (rhIL-10 treated, n = 10) rats were subjected to H/O, were returned to their mothers, and were treated with rhIL-10 (75 mug/kg subcutaneously) for the next 3 days. All animals were killed on day 4, and intestine specimens were obtained to determine the tissue level of malon-dialdehyde (MDA) and histologic changes. Results: The microscopic lesions in the untreated rats were virtually the same as those seen in neonatal NEC, with destruction of villi and crypts, and in some cases extension to the muscularis. In contrast, in the rats treated with rhIL-10, lesions were limited essentially to the very tips of the villi. Intestinal injury score was significantly less in the rhIL-10-treated rats than in the untreated rats (P < .05). In the rhIL-10-treated group, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were not significant in comparison to the control group. In the untreated group, MDA levels were significantly increased when compared with the control and the rhIL-10-treated groups (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively). Conclusion: RhIL-10 has a protective effect on intestinal injury in NEC in an experimental model. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.Öğe Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis(Karger, 2001) Senyigit, A; Yaramis, A; Gürkan, F; Kirbas, G; Büyükbayram, H; Nazaroglu, H; Alp, MNPulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a lung disease characterized by deposits of calcium within the alveoli. Our aim was to emphasize the familial character and the clinical features of the disease, and to draw attention to the increasing number of Turkish patients reported in the world. We detected 6 cases of PAM. Three cases had been diagnosed 4 years earlier, and 3 new cases were detected during the screening of the family members. All patients were male and the mean age was 11.5 ranging between 5 and 29 years. Five of the patients were cousins and the other one was their uncle. Radiographic studies showed a sand-like appearance in all patients. One case showed small subpleural bullae and bronchiectatic changes in both lower robes in recent high-resolution CT scans, while his CT performed 4 years ago showed only sand-like appearance. The cases were diagnosed with the demonstration of microliths by bronchoalveolar lavage in 5 patients and transbronchial biopsy in 1. Recently reported cases from Turkey have constituted a considerable percentage among all cases in the world. In conclusion, (1) our patients constitute one of the largest series of cases reported in one family in the world. The disease seems to have familial and racial characteristics. The Turkish race has to be further investigated for genetic transmission. (2) Contrary to female predominance in previous reports, all 6 cases were male and 5 of them were below 12 years of age. (3) The disorder may show rapid progression in some cases probably due to the severity of the genetic disturbance. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.Öğe Renal effects on a solitary kidney of specific inhibition of cyclooxygenease-2 after 24 h of complete ureteric obstruction in rats(Springer-Verlag, 2002) Öztürk, H; Ozdemir, E; Otcu, S; Büyükbayram, H; Dokucu, AIThe purpose of this study is to show whether selective (celecoxib) and non-selective (piroxicam) inhibitors of COX-2 can alter the morphological and functional changes after the release of a 24 h complete ureteric obstruction in tissue from solitary rat kidney. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 225-250 g were used. The animals were divided into four groups. In group I rats (control, n = 10), only right nephrectomy was performed. Group 2 rats (untreated, n = 10) underwent right nephrectomy and the left ureter was completely obstructed. In group 3 rats (celecoxib), the same operation was performed as described for group 2 and than celecoxib was administered by gavage for a period of 24 h. Group 4 rats (piroxicam) underwent the same operation as described for group 2, then piroxicam was administered intramuscularly at least I h before the release of the for 24 h complete ureteric obstruction. All animals were then prepared for functional and histopathological studies. The administration of celecoxib produced a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen levels when compared to the animals receiving piroxicam and the animals with no treatment. Moreover, celecoxib caused a significant decreased in creatinine levels when compared to the untreated group. Urine volume and the urinary sodium values were increased in the celecoxib group when compared with the other groups. The administration of celecoxib and piroxicam caused a significant decrease in the number of interstitial macrophages when compared to the untreated group. The Bowman space was significantly increased in the untreated group when compared with the celecoxib and the piroxicam groups. These studies indicate that celecoxib may be an important factor affecting renal morphological and functional changes after the release of a 24 h complete ureteric obstruction.Öğe Spontaneous rupture of malarial spleen(Current Science Ltd, 2000) Yagmur, Y; Kara, IH; Aldemir, M; Büyükbayram, H; Tacyildiz, IH; Keles, CMalaria has long been among the most common diseases in the southeast Anatolia region of Turkey. In 1992, 18 676 cases were diagnosed in Turkey, and Diyarbakir city had the highest incidence (4168 cases), followed by SanliUrfa city (3578 cases). Malaria was especially common during 1994 and 1995, with 84 345 and 82 094 cases being diagnosed in these years, respectively. Spontaneous rupture of malarial spleen is rare. We saw two cases during 1998, which are reported herein. Both patients were male, and were receiving chloroquine treatment for an acute attack of malaria. One of the patients had developed abdominal pain and palpitations, followed by fainting. The other patient had abdominal pain and fever. Explorative laparotomy revealed an enlarged spleen in both patients. Splenectomy was performed in both patients. We have identified 15 episodes of spontaneous rupture of the spleen in the English language literature published since 1961. Because of increased travel to endemic areas and resistance to antimalarial drugs, malaria is a major medical problem that is becoming increasingly important to surgeons worldwide. Malaria is a particularly important problem in the southeast Anatolia region of Turkey. Prophylactic precautions should be taken by tourists who travel to this region, especially during the summer.Öğe Upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by small-cell lung cancer(Springer, 2006) Yilmaz, S; Dursun, M; Canoruç, F; Bayan, K; Büyükbayram, H[Abstract Not Available]
