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Öğe Classification of Epilepsy Types from Electroencephalogram Time Series Using Continuous Wavelet Transform Scalogram-Based Convolutional Neural Network(Amer Soc Testing Materials, 2021) Turk, Omer; Akpolat, Veysi; Varol, Sefer; Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Ozerdem, Mehmet SiracDuring the supervisory activities of the brain, the electrical activities of nerve cell clusters produce oscillations. These complex biopotential oscillations are called electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Certain diseases, such as epilepsy, can be detected by measuring these signals. Epilepsy is a disease that manifests itself as seizures. These seizures manifest themselves in different characteristics. These different characteristics divide epilepsy seizure types into two main groups: generalized and partial epilepsy. This study aimed to classify different types of epilepsy from EEG signals. For this purpose, a scalogram-based, deep learning approach has been developed. The utilized classification process had the following main steps: the scalogram images were obtained by using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method. So, a one-dimension EEG time series was converted to a two-dimensional time-frequency data set in order to extract more features. Then, the increased dimension data set (CWT scalogram images) was applied to the convolutional neural network (CNN) as input patterns for classifying the images. The EEG signals were taken from Dicle University, Neurology Clinic of Medical School. This data consisted of four classes: healthy brain waves, generalized preseizure, generalized seizure, and partial epilepsy brain waves. With the proposed method, the average accuracy performance of three of the EEG records' classes (healthy, generalized preseizure, and generalized seizure), and that of all four classes of EEG records were 90.16 % (+/- 0.20) and 84.66 % (+/- 0.48). According to these results, regarding the specific accuracy ratings of the recordings, the healthy EEG records scored 91.29 %, generalized epileptic seizure records were at 96.50 %, partial seizure EEG records scored 89.63 %, and the preseizure EEG records had a 90.44 % rating. The results of the proposed method were compared to the results of both similar studies and conventional methods. As a result, the performance of the proposed method was found to be acceptable.Öğe Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Cerebellar Tissue Damage Secondary to Methanol Intoxication: Experimental Study(Turkish Neurological Soc, 2013) Arikanoglu, Adalet; Yuksel, Hatice; Gocmez, Cuneyt; Uzar, Ertugrul; Acar, Abdullah; Aluclu, Mehmet UfukObjective: Previous studies have shown the role of oxidative stress in methanol neurotoxicity. CAPE is known to have an antioxidant property that is shown in many experimental studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether CAPE has a protective effect against oxidative stress observed in the cerebellar tissue in methanol intoxication. Material and Method: In this study, a total of 40 rats were split into 5 groups: control group (n=8), MTX-alone group (n=8), MTX+methanol group (n=8), MTX+methanol+ethanol group (ethanol group) (n=8), and MTX+metanol+CAPE group (CAPE group) (n=8). All the rats except the control group were delivered methotrexate (MTX) therapy (0.3 mg/kg/day, via i. p. route) for 7 days in order to induce methanol toxicity. The control group received no drug therapy. Seven days later, 3 g/kg (i.p.) methanol was delivered in the ethanol and CAPE groups. Four hours after the delivery of methanol, ethanol group received 0.5 g/kg ethanol (i.p.) and CAPE group received 10 mu mol/kg CAPE (i.p.), while the other groups were delivered only saline (i.p.). The rats were decapitated after 8 hours and the cerebellar tissues were removed. PON-1, TAS, and MDA levels were measured in the tissues. Results: MTX-alone group demonstrated decreased TAS and PON-1 levels (p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively) and increased MDA level (p=0.001), as compared to the control group. When MTX+methanol group was compared with the MTX-alone group, MTX+methanol group was found to have decreased TAS and PON-1 activities (p=0.037 and p=0.046, respectively) and increased MDA level (p=0.022). The ethanol group was found to show a significant decrease in MDA level (p=0.001), as compared with the MTX+methanol group. The CAPE group exhibited increased TAS and PON-1 levels (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively) and decreased MDA levels, as compared with the MTX+methanol group. Discussion: Cerebellum demonstrates oxidative stress secondary to methanol intoxication. CAPE therapy is more effective against cerebellar oxidative stress than ethanol therapy.Öğe The effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on cerebral ischemia in rats: An experimental study(Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Tunik, Selcuk; Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Acar, Abdullah; Akkoc, Hasan; Guzel, Aslan; Alabalik, Ulas; Akkus, MuratStroke is one of the major reasons of death in the United States and related to adult disability. Despite aggressive research, the treatment approaches of stroke still remains a major clinical problem. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a polyspecific Ig G preparation obtained from plasma of several thousand healthy people (donors). IVIg is an important treatment approach and used for several disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of IVIg therapy in experimentally induced ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models of rats. A total of 30 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into two equal groups, each consisting of 15 randomly selected rats: control group (n = 15) and IVIg group (n = 15). Intraluminal filament method was used for establishment of cerebral ischemia. Intraluminal filament was withdrawn after 2 h of MCAo and reperfusion started again and passed to therapeutic stages for all the groups. Physiologic saline solution of 0.5 ml/kg was administered to the control group and 400 mg/kg IVIg was given to the IVIg group rats intravenously. In neurological evaluation, the worst score was determined as 3 and the best score as 0. After routine process, the brain tissue was prepared histopathological investigation. The IVIg group showed significantly better recovery with respect to the control group by neurological examination. The observation of specimens obtained from IVIg groups showed that findings correlate with grade 1 and -2 histopathologically. Nevertheless, ischemic amendments were observed to comply with grade 3 in ischemic areas in control group. IVIg therapy can be used in the treatment of ischemic stroke patients.Öğe The Effects of Valproic Acid on Sciatic Nerve of Fetal Rats and Protective Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin E(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2009) Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Tuncer, Mehmet Cudi; Guzel, Aslan; Aluclu, Mustafa Arif; Akkus, MuratWe aimed to investigate the potential harmful effects of maternal valproic acid (VPA) on fetal sciatic nerve, and the protective effects of vitamin E (Vit E) and folic acid (FA) on fetal rats. Valproic acid (400 mg/kg), folic acid (400 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250 mg/kg) were administered to rats on each of gestation days 8-10. All fetuses were collected on gestation day 20. With thin sections of biopsies, sciatic nerve of fetuses were stained with uranyl acetat and were examined under transmission electron microscope. The fetuses (n:36) were divided into five groups: control, vpa, vpa+fa, vpa+vit e and vpa+fa+vit e groups. In each group; drug procedure, surgical procedure and histological methods were performed. Later, weights and lengths of fetuses in each group were compared and analyzed by One-Way Anova test. Administration of single doses of valproic acid (400 mg/kg) resulted in weight and length loss between control and vpa group. However, length and weight differences between the other groups were not significant. The histopathological findings of control group was normal. In vpa group, it showed extensive degenerative changes especially in myelin coat. In addition, most prominent finding in this group was condensation of collagen fibers in extensively demyelinated samples, while moderately effected areas were relatively normal. Both vpa+fa and vpa+vit e groups exhibited similar ultrastructural changes, reflecting minimal to moderate degenerative changes. In vpa+fa+vit e group had almost the normal structure. Administration of single doses of valproic acid (400 mg/kg) resulted in a deteriorative effect on sciatic nerve at ultrastructural level. Administration of FA and Vit E had a protective effect to prevent the degenerative changes to a certain degree. Combination of FA and Vit E together following VPA administration had a more potent protective effect. The objective of the present study is to analyze histopathologic changes which may occur in a high risk experimental model after the administration of valproic acid. In addition, protective roles of the administration of folic acid and vitamin E are assessed.Öğe Evaluation of erythroprotein effects on cerebral ischemia in rats(Maghira & Maas Publications, 2007) Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Acar, Abdullah; Guzel, Aslan; Bahceci, Selen; Yaldiz, MehmetObjective: Majority of severe disabilities in adults are caused by stroke. The aim of our study is to learn the effects of erythropoietin (EP), on infarct size in cerebral ischemia and to determine neurological behavioral scores and histopathological evaluation. Material & Methods: In this study 30 adult Sprague-Dawney rats were used. Cerebral ischemia was constituted by intraluminal filament method with a 4-0- nylon suture. Reperfusion was started after two hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The rats were randomly divided into two groups as follow: control and EPO groups. Saline 0.9% (0.5 ml/kg) and EPO (5000 U/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in the groups. Three coronal slices in two millimeters thickness were obtained from cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem, and were stained with a 2% solution of triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Transparent sheets were placed over each section and the areas of the brain and infarct were measured. The neurological scores were determined at 24(th), 48(th) and 72(nd) hours after reperfusion. Results: Percent of ischemic area (%) in cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem level in EPO groups were less than those of control group (p<0.0001). In addition, we determined that EPO group was better than controls of neurologic score and histopatologically after cerebral ischemia. Conclusions: We concluded that EPO may decrease ischemic area in experimental cerebral ischemia in rats and it seems that EPO may be beneficial.Öğe Evaluation of potential auras in generalized epilepsy from EEG signals using deep convolutional neural networks and time-frequency representation(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2020) Polat, Hasan; Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Ozerdem, Mehmet SiracThe general uncertainty of epilepsy and its unpredictable seizures often affect badly the quality of life of people exposed to this disease. There are patients who can be considered fortunate in terms of prediction of any seizures. These are patients with epileptic auras. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate pre-seizure warning symptoms of the electroencephalography (EEG) signals by a convolutional neural network (CNN) inspired by the epileptic auras defined in the medical field. In this context, one-dimensional EEG signals were transformed into a spectrogram display form in the frequency-time domain by applying a short-time Fourier transform (STFT). Systemic changes in pre-epileptic seizure have been described by applying the CNN approach to the EEG signals represented in the image form, and the subjective EEG-Aura process has been tried to be determined for each patient. Considering all patients included in the evaluation, it was determined that the 1-min interval covering the time from the second minute to the third minute before the seizure had the highest mean and the lowest variance to determine the systematic changes before the seizure. Thus, the highest performing process is described as EEG-Aura. The average success for the EEG-Aura process was 90.38 +/- 6.28%, 89.78 +/- 834% and 90.447 +/- 5.95% for accuracy, specificity and sensitivity, respectively. Through the proposed model, epilepsy patients who do not respond to medical treatment methods are expected to maintain their lives in a more comfortable and integrated way.Öğe The increase of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in Parkinson's disease(Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2015) Akil, Esref; Bulut, Aslihan; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Ozdemir, Hasan Huseyin; Arslan, Demet; Aluclu, Mehmet UfukThe role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been previously investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) among patients with Parkinson's disease and to examine the relationship between these inflammatory markers. The cross-sectional design includes 51 patients with Parkinson's disease and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We investigated the differences in hs-CRP, CEA, and NLR levels between these two groups. CEA was significantly higher in PD patients relative to the control group (mean 2.40 +/- A 1.51 vs. 1.72 +/- A 0.87 (ng/mL), respectively; p = 0.015). Mean NLR was significantly higher in PD patients relative to the control group (mean 3.1 +/- A 1.3 vs. 2.1 +/- A 0.32, respectively; p < 0.001). Serum level of hs-CRP was higher in PD patients than in control group (mean 1.04 +/- A 0.62 and 0.54 +/- A 0.31, respectively; p < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between hs-CRP, CEA, and Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates for the first time the association between CEA, hs-CRP, NLR, and PD. We found CEA, hs-CRP, and NLR levels to be significantly higher in the PD patients than in the normal controls.Öğe Investigation of Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Count in the Blood of Patients with Migraine(Turkish Neurological Soc, 2013) Varol, Sefer; Akil, Esref; Cevik, Mehmet Ugur; Celepkolu, Tahsin; Yucel, Yavuz; Tanriverdi, Mehmet Halis; Aluclu, Mehmet UfukObjective: Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator for platelet function and activation. Studies researching MPV and platelet level on the patients with migraine are insufficient. In this study, we aimed to find a difference in MPV and platelet count in individuals with migraine compared to healthy controls, which are indicators for platelet activation. Material and Method: We recruited 193 patients (female/male: 128/65, average age: 31.66 +/- 9.01) who are referred to the Neurology Clinic of Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine between January 2010 and January 2012 and have been diagnosed with migraine according to 2004 diagnostic criteria of International Headache Society (IHS) and 119 healthy individuals (female/male: 73/46, averge age: 32.27 +/- 9.88) who are referred to the Family Practice Clinic and Blood Bank. We compared MPV and platelet counts between the patients with migraine and healthy controls. Both groups were similar in terms of age and gender. Results: A statistically insignificant increase was found in MPV in patients with migraine (7.98 +/- 1.34 fL) when compared to the control group (7.85 +/- 0.96 fL) (p=0.34). Platelet levels were significantly lower in patients with migraine (367.6 +/- 74.2) than the platelet levels of the control group (286.9 +/- 68.3) (p=0.02). Discussion: We found lower platelet levels in the patients with migraine compared to the control group. There was also statistically insignificant increase in MPV in patients with migraine, suggesting that these findings may indicate an insignificant platelet activation in patients with migraine. New prospective studies are needed on this subject.Öğe Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome with partial oculomotor nerve palsy(K Faisal Spec Hosp Res Centre, 2008) Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Keklikci, Ugur; Guzel, Aslan; Unlu, Kaan; Tatli, Mehmet[Abstract Not Available]Öğe A new mutation in WFS1 gene (c.1522-1523delTA, Y508fsX421) may be responsible for early appearence of clinical features of Wolfram syndrome and suicidal behaviour(Maghira & Maas Publications, 2006) Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Bahceci, Mithat; Tuzcu, Alpaslan; Arikan, Senay; Gokalp, DenizOBJECTIVE: Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the association of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. It is also known by the acronym DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness). PATIENTS, METHODS AND RESULTS: We diagnosed Wolfram syndrome in 2 mate siblings and determined a new mutation (c. 1522-1523delTA, Y508fsX421). Both affected siblings were homozygous, other family members were heterozygous. Dilated renal outflow tracts in the third decade, and neuropsychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder and neurosensorial deafness appear in the fourth decade in ordinary WS, whereas these features appeared in second decade in our patients. This mutation may be responsible for early appearance of dilated renal outflow tracts and multiple neurological abnormalities. Psychiatric disturbances such as suicide were reported at increased frequency in Wolfram patients and in heterozygous carriers. Suicidal behaviour occurred in our patients when they were yet 11 and 13 years old. Therefore, our findings may indicate that there may be a relationship between this WFS1 mutation and mood disorder such as suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: We determined a new mutation (c. 1522-1523delTA, Y508fsX421) in WS1 gene in 2 siblings with Wolfram syndrome. This mutation may be responsible for early appearance of clinical features of Wolfram syndrome, and there may be a relationship between this mutation and suicidal behaviour.Öğe Protective Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rat Sciatic Nerve(Asian Network Scientific Information-Ansinet, 2012) Yucel, Yavuz; Celepkolu, Tahsin; Kibrisli, Erkan; Kilinc, Faruk; Beyaz, Coskun; Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Basarili, Mustafa KemalThere has been no report which investigates the effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) on elevated levels of oxidative stress in sciatic nerve tissues of diabetic rats. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether CAPE, by virtue of its antioxidant properties, could affect lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), Paraoxonase (PON-1) and the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the sciatic nerve of Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The rats were treated as follows: control; this group of rats (n = 9) received isotonic solution. Diabetic (STZ, untreated diabetic): STZ 50 mg kg(-1) b.wt. was given intraperitoneally for the induction to this group (n = 8). Diabetic+CAPE treatment (STZ+CAPE, CAPE-treated diabetic): diabetic rats (n = 8) received CAPE (10 mu mol/kg/day) for a period of 21 days beginning one week after the STZ administration. Biomarkers; Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), PON-1 and NO levels for oxidative stress in sciatic nerve of the rats were measured. We found a significant increase in MDA, NO and TOS levels along with a reduction in TAS levels and PON-1 activity in the sciatic nerves of the STZ-induced diabetic rats (at p<0.001). The MDA, TOS and NO levels in sciatic nerve were significantly reduced in the CAPE-treated diabetic group compared to the untreated diabetic group (at p<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that CAPE exhibits protective effects against oxidative damage in the sciatic nerve tissues of diabetic rats.Öğe A rare embryologicaL malformation of brain - Dandy-Walker syndrome - and its association with Kallmann's syndrome(Maghira & Maas Publications, 2007) Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Bahceci, Selen; Bahceci, MithatBackground & Aim: Dandy-Walker malformation, a rare congenital brain malformation, is described as a triad of cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, complete or partial agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, and an enlarged posterior fossa with elevated tentorium. We aimed to report an association of Kallmann's syndrome and Dandy-Walker malformation. Case: A fifteen years old boy was referred to endocrinology department due to delayed puberty. Stages of male genital development according to Marshall and Tanner, was stage G1 and P1 respectively. In the LHRH test, peak LH level was 40(th) min.: 15.3 IU/ml. Peak growth hormone with insulin tolerance test was 14.5 mu g/L. Olfactory test revealed light anosmia. With these findings the patient was accepted as isolated gonadotropin deficiency (Kalmann's syndrome). In computed tomography of the brain, cerebellar vermis was found to be hypoplastic and 4(th) ventricle was large and in posterior fossa broad hypodens area with cerebrospinal fluid density were seen (Dandy-Walker malformation). Conclusion: We reported an association of Kallmann's syndrome and DandyWalker malformation. This is second reported case probably.
