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Öğe Atorvastatin Has no Effects on Kidney Tissues of Wistar Albino Rats in the Long-Term Intake: An Electron Microscopic Study(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2011) Aktas, Ayfer; Tasdemir, M. Serhan; Tuncer, M. Cudi; Nergiz, Yusuf; Akkus, Murat; Bagriyanik, Husnu AlperIn this study, we evaluated the ultrastructural findings of kidney with systemic administration of different doses of atorvastatin in a rat model. Statins may have anti-inflammatory effects that would play a role in preventing the cellular damage. The aim of this study was to investigate how atorvastatin could play a role in kidney tissues. Forty adult male Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups of ten rats each (A1, A2, A3 and Control). Three different doses of atorvastatin were used to determine the effects on kidney tissues during 90 day period. The kidneys of A1 (0.1-mg group), A2 (0.5-mg group) and A3 (1-mg group) group were excised and the tissues were examined after the 90 days by transmission electron microscopy. Despite increasing the dose of atorvastatin intake, the histological structures of atorvastatin groups were appeared normal in the same period. In conclusion, long-term use of atorvastatin was not found to have an adverse effect on kidney tissue.Öğe Conjunctival impression cytology in patients with ectodermal dysplasia(Galenos Yayincilik, 2012) Soker, Sevda; Keklikci, Ugur; Mese, Ayse; Akkus, Murat; Nergiz, YusufEctodermal dysplasia is a group of symptoms affecting tissues and organs of ectodermal origin. In this study, conjunctival impression cytology technique which is a non-invasive method was performed in patients with ectodermal dysplasia to evaluate the affects on conjunctiva. Six eyes of three patients with ectodermal dysplasia who were followed up by the Ophthalmology Clinic of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine and Prosthetic Dentistry Departments were included in the study. Bulbar conjunctiva impression cytology method was applied to the upper surface of the bulbar conjunctiva and the cell groups taken to the surface of cellulose acetate paper were fixed by a solution containing 70% ethyl alcohol, 37% formaldehyde and glicial acetic acid with a ratio of 20:1:1 and later stained by periodic acid-schiff and haematoxylin-eosin. Using impression cytology method a decrease in integrity of the cells, picnotic changes in the nucleus, epithelial cell-like changes and loss of goblet cells were observed in patients with ectodermal dysplasia. The findings of eye dryness in patients with ectodermal dysplasia were supported by the impression cytology technique. Impression cytology can be used as a non-invasive method in ophthalmologic follow-up of patients with ectodermal dysplasia. (Turk Arch Ped 2012; 47: 69-72)Öğe The effect of melatonin on ductus epididymis. Unilateral testicular torsion in rats(Saudi Med J, 2007) Yildirim, Ayse; Akkus, Murat; Ersay, Ahmet R.; Nergiz, Yusuf; Baran, Ozlem P.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Ultrastructure of Heart(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2011) Soker, Sevda; Sert, Cemil; Deniz, Mustafa; il Tekmen, Is; Akkus, Murat; Nergiz, YusufIncreasingly the use and convenience of electrical appliances in our daily lives are the cause of harmful effects caused by electromagnetic fields (EMF). The aim of this study was to research the effect of EMF on the ultrastructure of the heart in EMF exposed rats. In this study 45 male Sprague Dawley rats ranging in weight between 260 and 280 grams were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups, control (n:15), Sham (n:15) and EMF group (n: 15) and exposed for 14 days 3 hours per day; gauss levels at 2.5 were applied to the EMF group, while the sham group in the same environment in Plexiglas cage was kept for 14 days 3 hours per day without magnetic field exposure. Control group at 14/10 hours light dark cycle fed in normal cages for 14 days. After two weeks rats were sacrificed by 50mg/kg of Ketalar anesthesia and heart tissue fixed in 2.5 gluteraldehide. Routine follow up with electron microscopic assessment. Mitochondrial structures and cellular structures observed in all the groups were normal. Myofibrillar loss, dilatation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial swelling or cristalysis was not observed. Intercalated disc degeneration and apoptosis of nucleus was not observed. Therefore, and as a result of our study we did not observe differences between control and EMF groups.Öğe The effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on cerebral ischemia in rats: An experimental study(Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Tunik, Selcuk; Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Acar, Abdullah; Akkoc, Hasan; Guzel, Aslan; Alabalik, Ulas; Akkus, MuratStroke is one of the major reasons of death in the United States and related to adult disability. Despite aggressive research, the treatment approaches of stroke still remains a major clinical problem. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a polyspecific Ig G preparation obtained from plasma of several thousand healthy people (donors). IVIg is an important treatment approach and used for several disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of IVIg therapy in experimentally induced ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models of rats. A total of 30 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into two equal groups, each consisting of 15 randomly selected rats: control group (n = 15) and IVIg group (n = 15). Intraluminal filament method was used for establishment of cerebral ischemia. Intraluminal filament was withdrawn after 2 h of MCAo and reperfusion started again and passed to therapeutic stages for all the groups. Physiologic saline solution of 0.5 ml/kg was administered to the control group and 400 mg/kg IVIg was given to the IVIg group rats intravenously. In neurological evaluation, the worst score was determined as 3 and the best score as 0. After routine process, the brain tissue was prepared histopathological investigation. The IVIg group showed significantly better recovery with respect to the control group by neurological examination. The observation of specimens obtained from IVIg groups showed that findings correlate with grade 1 and -2 histopathologically. Nevertheless, ischemic amendments were observed to comply with grade 3 in ischemic areas in control group. IVIg therapy can be used in the treatment of ischemic stroke patients.Öğe Effects of Ischemia/Reperfusion on ? Cells of Pancreas and Protective Effects of Melatonin Treatment(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2009) Yildirim, Ayse; Tuncer, Mehmet Cudi; Pamukcu, Oezlem; Aktas, Ayfer; Akkus, MuratOxygen free radicals are considered to be important components involved in the pathophysiological tissue alterations observed during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). In this study, we investigated the putative protective effects of melatonin treatment on pancreatic I/R injury. Sprague Dawley male rats were subjected to 30 min of pancreatic pedicle occlusion followed by 90 min reperfusion. Melatonin (10 mg/kg. s.c) was administrated 30 min prior to ischemia or I/R application. At the end of the reperfusion periods, rats were decapitated. Pancreatic samples were taken for transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that ischemia created b cell damage as evidenced by dilatation between the nucleus inner and outer membrane and degeneration on islets of Langerhans cells, was reversed by melatonin treatment. As melatonin administration reversed these microscopic damage, it seems likely that melatonin protects pancreatic tissue against oxidative damage.Öğe The effects of valproic acid on renal corpuscle of pregnant rats and protective role of folic acid and vitamin E(Academic Journals, 2010) Aktas, Ayfer; Nergiz, Yusuf; Akkus, Murat; Nasir, YaseminWe aimed to investigate the potential harmful effects of valproic acid (VPA), a widely used anticonvulsant in child delivery, and the protective effects of vitamin E (Vit E) and folic acid (FA) on kidney. Sodium valproate (400 mg/kg), folic acid (400 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250 mg/kg) were administered to rats on each of gestation days, 8 (th), 9 (th), and 10 (th). The rats were sacrificed on the 20 th day of pregnancy. With thin sections of kidney biopsies, they were stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate and examined under transmission electron microscope. The animals were divided into four groups randomly: control, VPA, VPA+FA and VPA+Vit E groups. In each group, drug procedure, surgical procedure and histological methods were performed. The histopathological findings of control group was normal. In VPA group, it showed degenerative changes especially in renal glomerular basal membrane and foot process. Both VPA+FA and VPA+Vit E groups exhibited similar ultrastructural changes and had almost the normal structure. Administration of single doses of SV (400 mg/kg) resulted in degenerative changes on kidney at ultrastructural level. Administration of FA and Vit E had a protective effect by preventing the degenerative changes to a certain degree. The aim of the present study is to examine histopathologic changes which may occur in a high risk experimental model after the administration of valproic acid. In addition, protective roles of the administration of folic acid and vitamin E are assessed.Öğe The Effects of Valproic Acid on Sciatic Nerve of Fetal Rats and Protective Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin E(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2009) Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Tuncer, Mehmet Cudi; Guzel, Aslan; Aluclu, Mustafa Arif; Akkus, MuratWe aimed to investigate the potential harmful effects of maternal valproic acid (VPA) on fetal sciatic nerve, and the protective effects of vitamin E (Vit E) and folic acid (FA) on fetal rats. Valproic acid (400 mg/kg), folic acid (400 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250 mg/kg) were administered to rats on each of gestation days 8-10. All fetuses were collected on gestation day 20. With thin sections of biopsies, sciatic nerve of fetuses were stained with uranyl acetat and were examined under transmission electron microscope. The fetuses (n:36) were divided into five groups: control, vpa, vpa+fa, vpa+vit e and vpa+fa+vit e groups. In each group; drug procedure, surgical procedure and histological methods were performed. Later, weights and lengths of fetuses in each group were compared and analyzed by One-Way Anova test. Administration of single doses of valproic acid (400 mg/kg) resulted in weight and length loss between control and vpa group. However, length and weight differences between the other groups were not significant. The histopathological findings of control group was normal. In vpa group, it showed extensive degenerative changes especially in myelin coat. In addition, most prominent finding in this group was condensation of collagen fibers in extensively demyelinated samples, while moderately effected areas were relatively normal. Both vpa+fa and vpa+vit e groups exhibited similar ultrastructural changes, reflecting minimal to moderate degenerative changes. In vpa+fa+vit e group had almost the normal structure. Administration of single doses of valproic acid (400 mg/kg) resulted in a deteriorative effect on sciatic nerve at ultrastructural level. Administration of FA and Vit E had a protective effect to prevent the degenerative changes to a certain degree. Combination of FA and Vit E together following VPA administration had a more potent protective effect. The objective of the present study is to analyze histopathologic changes which may occur in a high risk experimental model after the administration of valproic acid. In addition, protective roles of the administration of folic acid and vitamin E are assessed.Öğe Electron Microscopic and Histological Evaluation of the Levator Muscle in Patients with Congenital Blepharoptosis(Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2016) Soker, Sevda; Cakmak, Sevin; Nergiz, Yusuf; Deveci, Engin; Gul, Mehmet; Soker, Murat; Akkus, MuratOBJECTIVE: To examine the levator muscle in patients with congenital blepharoptosis and to investigate the relationship between those findings and age, gender, and degree of blepharoptosis. STUDY DESIGN: The levator muscles of 13 congenital ptosis patients who had undergone levator muscle resection were examined by light and electron microscopy. During the preoperative period the ptosis amount, levator function, tear function, Bell's phenomenon, and jaw-wink phenomenon were evaluated. RESULTS: There were 9 (69.2%) male and 4 (30.8%) female cases, with an average age of 10.61 +/- 4.77 years (range, 4-19). The quality and quantity of the levator muscle fibrils were assessed by histological examination. There was no relationship detected between histological features of levator palpebralis superior muscle and patients' age and gender (p < 0.05). Patients with a weak levator palpebralis superior muscle had fatty degeneration histologically. Higher levator palpebralis superior muscle function correlated with decreased fatty degeneration and increased skeletal muscle fibrils, but these findings were not statistically significant. There was a reduction in the diameter of muscle fibers and nucleus deformation when muscle function was examined in patients under low-magnification electron microscope. There were lipid droplets of various sizes in some sections, and the mitochondria were seen in mitochondrial crystalline structure depending on cytopathies. In some sections of this group there was large mitochondria and edema formation due to an increase in the mitochondrial matrix. CONCLUSION: More ultrastructural studies in larger populations are needed to support the relationship between structure and function of levator palpebralis superior muscle in patients with congenital blepharoptosis.Öğe An examination on composition of spermatozoa obtained from pre-operative and post-operative varicocele patients(Inst Animal Reproduction Food Research, 2018) Afsin, Muhamet; Otludil, Birgul; Dede, Onur; Akkus, MuratVaricocele is one of the main and surgically repairable causes of male infertility, which arises from dilatation and torsion of the testicular veins in the plexus pampiniformis. In this study, we examined semen samples from 40 patients diagnosed with varicocele between the ages of 15 and 30 years, according to WHO criteria (pre-operatively, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively). The mean spermatozoa concentration was found to be 45.25 +/- 34.83 million/ml pre-operatively, while the mean post-operative concentration was 48.85 +/- 35.73 million/ml at three months, 51.72 +/- 32.82 million/ml at six months, and 49.63 +/- 28.05 million/ml at 12 months (P > 0.05). The mean rate of A + B motile spermatozoa was 35.5 +/- 14.71% pre-operatively, 42.65 +/- 16.80% at three months, 43 +/- 13.52%at six months and 44 +/- 14.76 percent at 12 months post-operatively (P < 0.05). The mean Kruger morphology score was 3.15 +/- 3.0% pre-operatively, and 3.20 +/- 2.83% at three months, 2.97 +/- 2.61%at six months and 3.27 +/- 2.50%at 12 months post-operatively (P > 0.05). The nucleus, acrosomal cap, mitochondrial structure and microtubules of the tail of the spermatozoa were examined under electron microscopy. The mean DNA fragmentation index (DFI%) of the spermatozoa was 20.57 +/- 4.60% pre-operatively, and post-operatively at 17.27 +/- 3.65% at three months, 15.5 +/- 3.23% at six months and 15.3 +/- 3.63% at 12 months (P < 0.001). The findings suggest that despite the increased count and motility, as well as the improved DNA fractures observed post-operatively in the spermatozoa of varicocele patients, the morphology rates remain intact.Öğe Immunohistochemical Analysis of MCC, TARC and CD 104 Antigens in Human Lung Tissue(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Korkmaz, Metin; Akkus, Murat; Yildirim, Ayse; Baran, Ozlem Pamukcu; Aktas, AyferObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the the distribution of CMA 1 protein (MCC), CCL17 protein (TARC) and Integrin beta 4 (CD 104) monoclonal antibodies in normal adult human lung tissue. Material and Methods: In this study we examined the lung biopsy specimens obtained from the adult patients who underwent operations for different reasons in the Department of Lung Surgery at Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey. The tissue samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C. The samples were immunostained by indirect immune peroxidase technique. As primary antibodies, MCC, TARC and CD104 were used. As secondary antibodies, 1:200 rabbit anti - mouse IgG peroxidase diluted in PBS/BSA and 1:100 normal human serum solution were used. Negative control staining was performed using irrelevant mouse monoclonal antibodies omitting the primary antibody step. Sections were examined and photographed by Olympus BH2 light microscope. Results: We observed moderate reaction with vascular endothelial cells and with vascular smooth muscle cells with MCC which was aimed to show overall the presence of human lung mast cells. TARC, which was aimed to express the follicular dentritic cells, moderately reacted with follicular dentritic cells, bronchial smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells. CD104, which is the integrin beta 4 subunit that plays an important role in the adhesion of epithelium to basement membranes, moderately reacted with vascular endothelial cells and mainly reacted with the follicular dentritic cells of bronchi. Conclusion: In our study, it was defined that the expressions of these molecules have important role in understanding the function of human lung tissue. We reached the conclusion that our study, by presenting the difference between the normal lung tissue and pathologic lung tissue with expression the related proteins immunohistochemically may constitute preliminary findings for excluding the diseases like interstisial lung disease or chronic obstructive lung disease for the aim of. Our preliminary findings may shed light on future studies.Öğe Impact of N-acetylcysteine and Etodolac Treatment on Systolic and Diastolic Function in a Rat Model of Myocardial Steatosis Induced by High-Fat-Diet(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2014) Topal, Askin Ender; Akkoc, Hasan; Kelle, Ilker; Yilmaz, Sedat; Topal, Derya; Akkus, MuratObjectives: Obesity is a worldwide problem, leading to cardiomyopathy. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been reported to play significant roles in developing obesity cardiomyopathy. N-acetylcysteine is a glutathione prodrug that preserves liver against steatosis via constraining the production of reactive oxygen species. Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has been demonstrated to protect liver against fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of N-acetylcysteine and etodolac on impaired cardiac functions due to high-fat-diet (HFD) induced myocardial steatosis in rats. Material and Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control group was maintained on standard-rat-basic-diet (SD) for 20 weeks, while HFD was given to three study groups for 20 weeks. Then N-acetylcysteine was given to one of the study groups (HFD+NAC), and etodolac to another group (HFD+ETD) as a supplement for 4 weeks while all groups were continued on SD. At the end of the study periods, hearts were examined by Langendorff technique and rat livers were evaluated histologically. Results: HFD and HFD+ETD groups presented with significantly higher steatosis and fibrosis in liver compared to other groups. HFD+NAC preserved diastolic functions. Also HFD+NAC and HFD+ETD groups had significantly better systolic funtions than HFD group. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with diastolic dysfunction rather than systolic dysfunction. NAC may protect the heart against diastolic dysfunction due to obesity. NAC and etodolac treatment improve systolic function, even in the absence of systolic dysfunction.Öğe An increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi and differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls in third trimester pre-eclampsia pregnancies(Versita, 2010) Baran, Ozlem Pamukcu; Tuncer, Mehmet Cudi; Nergiz, Yusuf; Akkus, Murat; Erdemoglu, Mahmut; Buyukbayram, H.This study has goals of examining whether pre-eclampsia may lead to an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi or whether there are differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls within these villi when compared to normotensive pregnant women. Non-infarcted placental tissue samples from 28 participants with uncomplicated pregnancies and 26 patients with pre-eclampsia were obtained. After routine histological procedures, the sections were processed either for conventional Verhoeff staining for the demonstration of elastic fiber system. Paraffine sections from placenta biopsies prepared for light microscopic examination were gathered. In uncomplicated pregnancies, terminal villi blood vessels were observed with no stained elastic tissue fibers in most areas. In the pre-eclampsia pregnancy of human placenta, the elastic fibers significiantly increased in terminal villi blood vessel walls which were dark in color, using Verhoeff's tissue stain, when comparing with the uncomplicated pregnancy group. Our results indicate that an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessels of placental stem villus and terminal villi, and also an increase of wall thickness during pre-eclampsia.Öğe Investigation of Functional Sperm Membrane Integrity After Consequence of Anti-Hypoosmotic Swelling Test Technique An Electron Microscopic Study(Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2015) Tutsi, Yekbun; Akkus, Murat; Tunik, Selcuk; Nergiz, Yusuf; Kaplanoglu, Iskender; Nasir, YaseminOBJECTIVE: Infertility is described as the inability of a couple to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse. Male factor is assumed to be responsible for 50% of cases of infertile couples. It is a common clinical problem, affecting approximately 13 15% of couples worldwide.. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) and anti-HOS tests on sperm membrane integrity at the ultrastructural level. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-nine infertile and 10 fertile men were included in this study. The fertile and infertile subjects were classified according to Kruger and WHO criterion. All semen samples were examined and analyzed based on WHO guidelines. Sperm viability was determined by using the eosin Y staining method. After HOS and anti-HOS tests were applied, the samples were evaluated at the ultrastructural level. RESULTS: Normal structural features of all regions of sperm were observed in sections of sham normospermia. Some histopathological changes were seen in HOS and anti-HOS group sections. CONCLUSION: The HOS procedure was found not to cause degenerative changes in the, sperm ultrastructure. The anti-HOS procedure can be applied in normospermic and oligospermic groups.Öğe Metformin HCl has curative effect on rebuilding of ventricular diastolic functions in high-fat-diet fed rats(Univ Karachi, 2017) Topal, Askin Ender; Kelle, Ilker; Akkoc, Hasan; Yilmaz, Sedat; Akkus, MuratMyocardial lipid accumulation due to diabetes and/or obesity plays a role in the progression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Our aims were to exhibit the correlation between histopathologic stage of the liver and cardiac functions, and to evaluate the effects of metformin HC1 and rosiglitazone on myocardial functions. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups to exhibit the correlation between histopathologic stage of the liver and cardiac functions and to determine whether metformin HC1 and rosiglitazone have effects on cardiac functions. For 20 weeks, one group was fed standard rat basic diet, whereas the other groups were on high-fat-diet. During the last 4 weeks, metformin HC1 was given to the third group, rosiglitazone to the fourth group. Histological evaluation of rat livers yielded significantly higher steatosis grade in high-fat-diet group and different fibrosis stages among groups. Also, there was significant correlation between diastolic functions and steatosis grade/fibrosis stage of rat liver. Electrophysiological study of hearts via Langendorff technique showed better coronary perfusion pressures and diastolic functions in standard -diet and metformin HC1 groups compared to other groups. Metformin HC1 improves LV diastolic dysfunction and coronary perfusion pressures.Öğe Protective Effects of Melatonin on Testicular Torsion and Detorsion Damage in Sprague-Dawley Rats(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2011) Aktas, Ayfer; Tuncer, M. Cudi; Yildirim, Ayse; Nergiz, Yusuf; Akkus, MuratIn this study, we evaluated the ultrastructural findings of testis with systemic administration of different doses of melatonin during ischemic period in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Testis ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced by torsion of the left testis, with a 720 degrees twisting of the spermatic cord so as to produce a total occlusion of testis for 2.5 hours. Subsequently, the same testis was then detorsioned. According to surgical procedure in each group, unilateral orchiectomies were performed for histopathologic examination. The groups were labelled as control group, torsion group (T), torsion and detorsion group (T/D), torsion-detorsion and melatonin group (T/D+20,50 and 100 mg/kg melatonin). For the histological examination, testicular tissues were fixed in 2.5% glutheraldehyde and postfixation 1% osmic acid solutions. They were examined under transmission electron microscopy after application of contrast stained. In torsion group testis cross-sections, cytoplasm residues of mature sperms and large vacuole-like structures were noticeable. In detorsion group testis cross-sections, dissociations in spermatocide nuclei, many vacuoles and residual particles resulting from organelle degeneration, local voids in cytoplasms of spermatogonia, dilatation in granulated endoplasmic reticulum, large lipid droplets, chromatid particles, along with mitochondrial crystalisis were determined. In the testis cross-sections of the group of T/D+50 mg/kg melatonin administration, sertoli and spermatogonia cells that showed membrane-like structures and cytoplasmic voids were observed. Testis cross-sections of rats that were administered with T/D+50 mg/kg melatonin showed small mitochondrions and vacuole-like structures placed on the edge. Testis cross-sections of rats that were administered with T/D+100 mg/kg melatonin resulted in views similar to those of controls in the microstructural level. As a result, the most effective dose of melatonin, which was used in different doses, for prevention of ischemia/reperfusion damage was found to be 100 mg/kg.Öğe The subconjunctival use of cetuximab and bevacizumab in inhibition of corneal angiogenesis(Springer, 2012) Tunik, Selcuk; Nergiz, Yusuf; Keklikci, Ugur; Akkus, MuratTo investigate the effects of cetuximab and bevacizumab on experimental rat model of corneal angiogenesis. The right eyes of 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in silver nitrate cauterization-induced corneal angiogenesis model. They were divided into four groups: (1) silver nitrate cauterization-induced and 0.15 ml serum physiologic was given to the angiogenesis group, (2) bevacizumab was given 1.25 mg to the bevacizumab group, (3) cetuximab was given 5 mg to the cetuximab group, and (4) 1.25 mg bevacizumab plus 5 mg cetuximab were given to the bevacizumab + cetuximab group. All eyes were exposed to the treatment on days 1, 4, and 7 of the experiment, and drugs were given subconjunctivally. The left eyes were untreated and used as sham. On day 8, the treated eyes were evaluated biomicroscopically. Then, the rats were sacrificed, and corneal specimens were prepared for histopathologic examinations. The degree of angiogenesis inhibition was observed as 50.8 % in bevacizumab, 54.3 % in cetuximab, and 15.8 % in bevacizumab + cetuximab groups by biomicroscopic evaluation. According to the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings obtained from the present study, the amount of angiogenesis was determined to have decreased considerably in both the bevacizumab and cetuximab groups; also, relatively less inhibiton was observed in the bevacizumab + cetuximab group. Subconjunctival injection of cetuximab and bevacizumab is effective in reducing corneal angiogenesis in silver nitrate cauterization induced angiogenesis model of rats. Further investigation is needed to assess the potential side-effects of the drugs, especially cetuximab.Öğe Targeting novel antigens in the arterial wall in thromboangiitis obliterans(Via Medica, 2010) Guzel, Elif; Topal, Ender; Yildirim, Ayse; Atilla, Pergin; Akkus, Murat; Dagdeviren, AttilaThromboangiitis obliterans is an inflammatory disease possibly resulting from cigarette smoking as a primary etiologic factor, perhaps as a delayed type of hypersensitivity or toxic angiitis. As little is known about the pathogenesis of the disease, we aimed to determine novel antigens that might be responsible from the local inflammatory reactions and structural changes observed in this disease. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique is used to examine the tissue samples obtained from the dorsalis pedis artery of affected individuals with twenty monoclonal antibodies. Among these several antigens which are not previously reported in TAO like CD34, CD44 and CD90 were determined in the tissue samples examined. On the other hand, many other antigens like cytokine/chemokine receptors, several enzymes and leukocyte/lymphocyte antigens were lacking giving some clues about the local pathological reactions. We briefly discussed our findings for several critical antigens those first described in the present work, possibly having roles in the development of the disease. Expression of the CD90/CD11c receptor/ligand pair seems to play an important role in mononuclear cell recruitment to the damage site. Vascular invasion of not only tunica intima but also the tunica media in affected vessels is clearly demonstrated using endothelial cell specific antigens.Öğe Trolox is more successful than allopurinol to reduce degenerative effects of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Seker, Ugur; Nergiz, Yusuf; Aktas, Ayfer; Akkus, Murat; Ozmen, Mehmet Ferit; Uyar, Emre; Soker, SevdaIntroduction Reperfusion surgery following testicular ischemia is a reproductive health threatening status and may result with organ dysfunction in men. The high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cease of blood flow to the testis are the most important reasons of this testicular injury. Until today, numerous experimental studies reported that antioxidants might be efficient to alleviate oxidative stress induced organ dysfunction. For this purpose, in this study, we have investigated the protective effects of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, allopurinol, and ROS scavenger, trolox, in a comparative perspective in testicular ischemia reperfusion injury subjected rats. Materials and methods Twenty-eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of seven animals in each; control, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), allopurinol and trolox. The rats in control group did not receive any application. Animals in I/R, allopurinol and trolox groups were subjected to 2 h testicular reperfusion injury following 5 h ischemia. Intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1 ml isotonic, 200 mg/kg allopurinol and 50 mg/kg trolox were administered to the animals in these groups 30 min prior reperfusion. At the end of experiment, all animals were sacrificed and blood serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Histological sections were obtained from the testis and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cleaved caspase-3. Apoptotic index was evaluated with TUNEL Assay. Results Severe morphological degenerations, increased serum MDA, cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL Assay positivity rate, but reduced PCNA positivity rate was observed in ischemia and reperfusion group. Morphological degenerations, MDA level, apoptotic index and PCNA positive cell rate were slightly alleviated in allopurinol administered animals compared with ischemia and reperfusion group. Protection with trolox was more successful and the results of the analysis were similar to the control group. Discussion Ischemia that leading to testicular torsion is a reproductive health affecting problem and current surgical treatment methods might be insufficient to recover testis. Various types of ROS generating mechanisms in cell are limiting protective potency of allopurinol, and cocktail administration of different ROS inhibitors might be more effective. However, our results indicate that free radical scavenger trolox might be a candidate drug to alleviate degenerative effects of testicular ischemia reperfusion injury. Conclusions This is the first study that demonstrates antioxidant trolox was more successful than XO inhibitor allopurinol to protect testis against ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. [GRAPHICS]Öğe Ultrastructural evaluation of the effects of cinnamon on the nervus ischiadicus in diabetic rats(Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, 2009) Bahceci, Selen; Aluclu, Mehmet U.; Canoruc, Naime; Bahceci, Mithat; Akkus, Murat; Baran, Sedat; Gokalp, DenizObjective: To investigate the effects of oral cinnamon supplementation on the nervus ischiadicus at the electron microscopical level in rats. Methods: This study was performed between 20042006 in Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey in 15 adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups; control (C) (n=5), diabetic without cinnamon (D) (n=5), and diabetic with cinnamon (D-C) (n=5). Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal alloxan administration. All diabetic rats were treated with human insulin. AN rats were fed with standard pellet chow. The D-C group rats were fed with standard pellet chow plus Cinnamomum cassia at the dose of 400mg/kg. All rats were sacrificed after 3 months and we obtained the nervus ischiadicus of all rats. Contrast stained thin sections evaluated by Jeol-TEM-1010 electron microscope, were not statistically different in both groups and photo samples were obtained. Results: Mean blood glucose, hemoglobin AlC, and lipid profile were not statistically different in both groups. Marked detachment of myelin lamellae at Schmidt-Lanterman clefts, lysis in cristae mitochondrialis and degenerative changes, severe dispersion of organelles in neurolemma, mesoaxon region, and remarkable edema at the endoneurium were found in diabetic rats. On the contrary, mesoaxon, nucleus, nucleolus and myelin sheet were almost of normal appearance at the ultra-structural level in the D-C group. Conclusions: Cinnamon extracts may have beneficial effects on the development of diabetic neuropathy in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
