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    Antiglycative effect of combination of extracts of capsicum annuum (chilli) and pyridoxamine against glycation in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2023) İnceören, Nesrin; Akay, Feryal; Nas, Cemal; Deveci, Engin; Kızıl, Göksel; Kızıl, Murat
    Glycation causes the formation of advanced glycation end products, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, which alter changes the structure and functional properties of proteins that negatively afect cellular metabolism. In the current study, we investigated benefcial efects of red chili pepper extract and capsaicin, the main bitter ingredient in red peppers and pyridoxamine, a vitamin B6, one by one or in combination on glycation and advanced glycation end products damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The total amount of capcaicin in red chili pepper extract was found to be 3.51 mg/g DW by HPLC. Male Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old), weighing 200–300 g, were divided into 12 groups of 8 rats each. A single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered to induce experimental diabetes in rats. Group 1 was normal control, group 2 was diabetic control. Groups 3 and 4, 200 and 400 mg/kg red chili pepper extract, groups 5 and 6, 6 and 8 mg/kg capsaicin and group 7, 4 mg/ml pyridoxamine and group 8 were receiving 300 mg/kg metformin. Groups 9 and 10, 200 and 400 mg/kg red chili pepper extract+4 mg/ml PM and groups 11 and 12 were diabetic rats treated with 6 and 8 mg/kg capsaicin+4 mg/ml pyridoxamine. Oral treatment with intragastric tube was administered every day for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, subjects in all groups were given anesthesia once and the rib cage was performed by intracardiac intervention and blood was collected. Immediately, the liver and kidneys were grossly removed for histological examination. The results of our study showed that the combined doses of red chili pepper extract+pyridoxamine and capsaicin+pyridoxamine signifcantly reduced blood glucose levels, serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, total cholesterol, fructosamine, HbA1c levels and signifcantly increased serum HDL and insulin levels. At the same time, histopathological studies also strongly supported the anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and renoprotective efects of these combination doses.
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    Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Selenium, Oleuropein, Glutathione Mixture
    (Hibetullah KILIÇ, 2023) Akay, Feryal; Kızıl, Göksel
    Free radicals area unit involved with cellular disorders through their damaging actions on proteins, lipids and DNA and area unit causative factors for an outsized variety of chronic diseases and therefore the aging method. Antioxidants of plant origin hold nice significance and have so gained utmost importance within the recent past. The current research spills inhibition effect of selenium, glutathione and oleuropein mixtures against free radicals and supermolecule chemical action. It was determined that the mixture of oleuropein, glutathione and selenium used in the study inhibited free radicals. It was determined that it competed with the positive control at increasing concentrations. The mixture is intended to be used as a daily support supplement. The aim of the study is to use the prepared mixture as an alternative to drugs known to have artificial antioxidant properties in the market. One of the aims of this study is to have both drug therapy in the literature and inhibition of ROS-induced damage in the biological system at an early stage.
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    Evaluation of ethanol extract of Morus nigra L. as an inhibitory agent for DNA-Advanced glycation end product (DNA-AGEs)
    (National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2024) Akay, Feryal; Toptancı, Bircan Çeken; İnceören, Nesrin; Kızıl, Göksel; Kızıl, Murat
    In the developing countries there is a direct correlation between the amount of consumed foods containing starch and the increase in metabolic diseases. In contrast to glucose, fructose cannot be detected in the blood by insulin. Thus, it participates in lipogenesis and increases intracellular lipid accumulation.Reducing sugars results in the development of AGEs (Advanced Glycation End-Compounds) in biological macromolecules as well as some reactive products. These products can cause tissue damage by accumulating in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases by various mechanisms.AGEs can damage antioxidant systems by increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species). In this study, pBR322 DNA was incubated with different concentrations of fructose for 5 days. Damage to the structural system of fructosylated DNA was detected by an increase in fluorescence intensity and hyperchromicity. For five days, fructosylated DNA was treated with varying quantities of Morus nigra L. soxhlet extract and quercetin, and its impact on DNA structural damage was noted. The reduction in hyperchromicity and fluorescence intensity revealed the protective impact of quercetin and M. nigra L. extract on DNA. It has been found that the extract of M. nigra L. and quercetin both scavenge free radicals and reduce fructose-induced DNA damage.
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    Fructose-derived glycation and immune function: Effects on antigen binding in human IgG and lymphocytes
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2025) Akay, Feryal; Inceoren, Nesrin; Nas, Cemal; Yokus, Beran; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat
    Diabetes Mellitus (DM), one of the oldest known metabolic disorders, dates back to 3000 BC and continues to have a profound impact on health and the economy. Nutrition plays a critical role in managing diabetes and enhancing overall quality of life. It is also vital for immune system function, as well as in the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases. A key factor contributing to the global rise in obesity is the excessive consumption of fructose/glucose (corn) syrup, which leads to various metabolic complications. Uncontrolled intake of carbohydrates, particularly sugars like fructose, triggers the Maillard Reaction, a chemical process that occurs between sugars and proteins, resulting in advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This process is accelerated in diabetic patients due to hyperglycemia, leading to increased glycation of plasma proteins such as immunoglobulins, which play an essential role in the immune system. Studies show that individuals with Diabetes Mellitus experience a higher susceptibility to infections due to increased viral entry, impaired immune responses, reduced viral clearance, and dysregulated inflammatory cytokine production. In this study, human IgG proteins were glycated in vitro using fructose, simulating the damaging effects seen in diabetic conditions. A mixture containing antioxidants like glutathione, oleuropein, and selenium was prepared and incubated with the glycated IgG to assess its protective properties. Lymphocyte cells from healthy volunteers were also treated with fructose and subjected to similar experiments. Results demonstrated that fructose significantly compromises immune function by damaging key proteins, but the antioxidant mixture effectively mitigates this damage, offering a protective mechanism against glycation in the immune system.