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Öğe Culture- and polymerase chain reaction-based detection of flavobacterium psychrophilum in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms(Hasan ÖNDER, 2023) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Ketani, M. Aydın; Aydın, Kasım; Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Özcan, Nida; Çelik, Burçak AslanThe present study aimed to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) farms in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye by means of bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria. A total of 40 trout farms located in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman provinces were visited, and 1200 samples were examined. During January and February 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each farm. Samples were obtained from the liver, spleen, kidneys, and tissues following macroscopic laboratory examination of the specimens. Antibiotic treatment is the treatment of choice owing to the lack of an effective vaccine in the control of the disease. Therefore, it is important to rapidly identify the bacterial species and investigate its susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, the causative bacteria were detected in 5 out of 40 farms. The causative bacteria infected the liver, kidney, and tissues. The sensitivity of Enrofloxacin (5 microgram (µg)), Florfenicol (30µg), Neomycin (5µg), Amoxicillin (25µg), Oxytetracycline (30µg), Erythromycin (10µg), Gentamycin (5µg), Streptomycin (5µg) and Nalidixic acid (10µg) were defined at chancing ratios. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in regional farms, which should minimize the stress factors by avoiding overstocking and following the required hygiene rules.Öğe Detection of Yersinia ruckeri in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms in Anatolia, Turkey(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2023) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Ketani, Muzaffer Aydın; Aydın, Kasım; Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Özcan, Nida; Çelik, Burçak AslanThe present study aimed to detect Yersinia ruckeri bacteria in fish samples collected from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) farms in the South Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey through bacteriological culturing and polymerase chain reaction. Separate visits were made to trout farming facilities in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman in January and February 2021, and 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each facility. A total of 1,200 samples were taken from 40 trout farms. Liver, spleen, kidney, and tissue specimens were collected from rainbow trout. Yersinia ruckeri was isolated from the kidney, liver and muscle tissue of fish on McConkey Agar for bacteriological examinations. Isolated strains were identified by MALDI–TOF and PCR. It was detected the bacteria in the liver, kidney, and muscle tissue samples of fish from 23 out of 40 farms. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in local farms. These farms must implement vaccination, minimize stress factors affecting the fish, and avoid overstocking. The best methods to protect against infection include avoiding overstocking, low oxygen levels, and underqualified labor force.Öğe Determination of digestive enzyme activity in gilt-head sea bream (sparus aurata ) feeding with commercial feed(Hasan ÖNDER, 2022) Özcan, FilizWith the increase in the world population, aquaculture has a very important place in meeting the protein needs of humanity. Today, fish farming is developing rapidly depending on the increase in demand. Fish is one of the most important foodstuffs for human nutrition. Studies on the quality and characteristics of the feeds used gain importance with the increase in the knowledge about the nutrient sources of fish. It is known that there is a linear correlation between growth, productivity and feed efficiency in fish like another animal. At this point, the correct and effective use of feed, which is the most important input in production, is very important in terms of increasing the yield and product quality to be obtained from the product and reducing production costs. The identification of digestive enzyme activities is important in developing new feeding regimens and in ensuring optimal growing conditions. As most enzymes regulate the events of viability, the increase or decrease in their activity causes the degradation of the normal functions of fish and diseases in fishes. In this study, body weight and changes in digestive enzyme activity were investigated in sea bream feeding with commercial feed. For this purpose, a total of 3000 juveniles with an initial mean weight (IW) of 2.72±0.78 g were divided into 4 tanks (2000 L). After the six weeks final weight was 7.75 ± 0.67 at the end of experiment. While trypsin activity was increased until the end of the experiment, amylase activity was decreased. On the other hand, small decreases in lipase activity were observed throughout the experiment.Öğe Determination of Fish Consumption Habits in Diyarbakir Province(2024) Özcan, Filiz; Aydın, Muhammed KasımThis study was conducted to determine the fish consumption habits in Diyarbakır province and the reasons that influence these habits. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a total of 3310 individuals, consisting of 1910 males and 1400 females, in the center and districts of Diyarbakır. According to the results, it was found that 16% of the respondents consumed fish and the most preferred fish were anchovy (30.81%) and carp (25.98%). When buying fish, 40.04% of people said that they preferred it to be cheap and 20.63% said that they preferred it to be tasty. The study concluded that the majority of fish consumption occurs during the winter season. The primary reasons for not consuming fish, as indicated by the respondents, were the high price (42.38%) and a lack of purchasing power (38.42%). Looking at the monthly consumption of individuals, 49.78% consume less than 1kg of fish. As a result of the study, it was found that fish consumption in Diyarbakır province is far below the national and world average. In addition to socio-economic reasons, this situation is thought to be due to the fact that fish cannot be consumed in all seasons because the city is far from the sea coast. In addition, the rate of aquaculture and consumption of aquaculture products in Turkey is quite low. In this context, the consumption of aquaculture products should be increased.Öğe Determination of Fish Consumption Habits in Diyarbakir Province(Hasan ÖNDER, 2024) Özcan, Filiz; Aydın, Muhammed KasımThis study was conducted to determine the fish consumption habits in Diyarbakır province and the reasons that influence these habits. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a total of 3310 individuals, consisting of 1910 males and 1400 females, in the center and districts of Diyarbakır. According to the results, it was found that 16% of the respondents consumed fish and the most preferred fish were anchovy (30.81%) and carp (25.98%). When buying fish, 40.04% of people said that they preferred it to be cheap and 20.63% said that they preferred it to be tasty. The study concluded that the majority of fish consumption occurs during the winter season. The primary reasons for not consuming fish, as indicated by the respondents, were the high price (42.38%) and a lack of purchasing power (38.42%). Looking at the monthly consumption of individuals, 49.78% consume less than 1kg of fish. As a result of the study, it was found that fish consumption in Diyarbakır province is far below the national and world average. In addition to socio-economic reasons, this situation is thought to be due to the fact that fish cannot be consumed in all seasons because the city is far from the sea coast. In addition, the rate of aquaculture and consumption of aquaculture products in Turkey is quite low. In this context, the consumption of aquaculture products should be increased.Öğe Effects of dietary lipase supplementation on digestive enzyme activity and growth metrics of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)(Academic Publishing House, 2022) Özcan, Filiz; Taşbozan, OǧuzThis study investigated the effects of exogenous lipase supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and body chemical composition of Sparus aurata L. A total of 840 Sparus aurata (7.72 ± 0.05 g) were fed eight diets for 60 days. Diets were coded Group 1: Control 1 (G1–14% Lipid); Group 2: Control 2 (G2–22% Lipid); Group 3: 14% Lipid + 0.5 g lipase (G3– 0.5 g/kg); Group 4: 14% lipid + 1.0 g lipase (G4–1 g/kg); Group 5: 14% Lipid + 1.5 g lipase (G5–1.5 g/kg); Group 6: 22% lipid + 0.5 g lipase (G6–0.5 g/kg); Group 7: 22% Lipid + 1.0 g lipase (G7—1 g/kg) and Group 8: 22% Lipid + 1.5 g lipase (G8–1.5 g/kg). There were 8 dietary treatments that included a protein and lipid diet containing (14% and 22%), crude protein (50%) and supplemented with graded levels of exogenous lipase supplementation activity at 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg diet. As a result of the study, G3 group was better in the final weight (64.42 ± 1.06 g), the specific growth rate (3.55 ± 0.01) and the feed conversion rate (1.20 ± 0.18) compared to other groups (P <0.05). Protease, trypsin and alkaline phosphatase activity support growth and their activity increased during the trial. As regards amylase, lipase and aminopeptidase, a decrease in their activity was detected during the research.Öğe Fungal diseases in fish(Hasan ÖNDER, 2022) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval BerrinFungal diseases of fish have become increasingly important, over the past 20 years. The traditional ‘‘fungi’’ are comprised of members from several different taxonomic kingdoms. An increasing number of other environmental fungi are being reported from diseased fish, further testament to the opportunistic nature of many fungi. Active fungal agents living in waters cause infections in juvenile and adult individuals in fish populations, leading to decay in eggs and larvae. Fungal infections that are generally observed as a secondary infection in fish populations become established in lesions caused as a result of mechanical injury by bacterial, viral, and parasitic primary agents, consequently causing a change in the prognosis of the disease. Fungi, however, can cause disease under a variety of other circumstances. Some may be more aggressive and play a more primary role. Fungi can be external or internal, and systemic. Fungi can cause problems during reproduction, for example, by infecting fertilized eggs in spawns. Certain species of fungi can grow in poorly stored feeds and produce mycotoxins. Fungal diseases, in general, are very difficult to control or treat once they have taken hold. Prevention is, as always, the best medicine. Increased knowledge of basic biology will help guide treatment and control methods. This review study sought to provide insights into the fungal diseases of wild or farmed fish introduced onto the marketÖğe Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by PCR Method in Fish and WaterSamples from Tigris River, Turkey(2021) Ketani, Aydın; Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval BerrinClimate change has caused increasing Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in areas unaffected by this pathogen.Water temperature is an important ecological factor. It is consequently of high importance to follow V. parahaemolyticus inaquatic environments and foods. The aim of this work was to detect the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in Tigris Riverfrom eight different sites namely Malabadi Bridge, Fiskaya, Ongözlü Bridge, Bağıvar, Pamukçay, Ambarçay, Seyrantepe andSilvan. Total 480 samples of water and fish were used for V. parahaemolyticus detection. Thiosulphatecitrate?bile saltsucrose (TCBS) Agar was employed for bacteria isolation for 24 h at 37?C. The dominant uniform bacterial colonies werepurified by streaking onto the TCBS agar plates three times. Identification of this pathogen was made by PCR. A total of 480water and fish samples were analyzed. According to the results, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 40 (6.6%) fish samplestaken from the Seyrantepe region.Öğe Investigation of diseases caused by Aeromonas media in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in commercial fish farms using MALDI-TOF and specification of antibiotic sensitivity profiles of the agent(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2022) Özcan, FilizRainbow Trout (RT) Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum,1792 the first fish species to be grown intensively in Turkey and the most commonly grown species in dams and lakes today. Aeromonas spp. are found in ecosystems such as freshwater and coastal waters and cause disease in fish. In RT causes death that is characterized by internal organ hemorrhages, such as the spleen, kidney and liver and body surface, ulcerations and congestion. The present study aimed to detect Aeromonas media bacteria in fish samples collected from the RT farms in the South Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey through bacteriological culturing and MALDI-TOF. Also, it was purposed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the agent. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Baüer disk diffusion method. Separate visits were made to Trout farming facilities in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman in January and February 2021, and 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 grams (g) were collected from each facility. A total of 1,200 samples were taken from 40 Trout farms. It was detected the causative agent in the liver, kidney, and tissue samples of fish from 28 of the 40 farms. The sensitivity of Enrofloxacin (10 microgram -μg-), Florfenicol (30 μg), Neomycin (10 μg), Amoxicillin (10 μg), Oxytetracycline (30 μg), Erythromycin (10 μg), Gentamycin (10 μg) and Streptomycin (10 μg) were defined at chancing ratios. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in local farms. These farms must implement measures to minimize stress factors affecting the fish and avoid overstocking. The best methods of protection against infection include avoiding overstocking, low oxygen levels, and unskilled labor.Öğe Observation of inherently contaminated oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792 by Aeromonas veronii with MALDI-TOF and culture methods and specification of antibiotic sensitivity profiles of agent in a commercial farms(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2023) Özcan, FilizBackground: The Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) is commercially farmed in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey. Aeromonas spp. is a widely found bacterium of aquatic ecosystems such as freshwater and coastal water. They are increasingly noticed as critical pathogens. The Rainbow trout causes acute death, that is characterized by internal organ hemorrhages, such as the spleen, kidney and liver body surface, ulcerations and congestion. Methods: This study, investigated a total of 1,200 fish samples from commercial farms in the Southeastern Anatolia region. Aeromonas veronii was isolated from the kidney, liver and tissue of fish on the Blood Agar and McConkey Agar for bacteriological examinations. Isolated strains were identified by MALDİ-TOF. Result: A. veronii infection was observed from 0% to 100% in fish farms that cover different regions of the Southeastern Anatolia region. The sensitivity of oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, neomycin, erythromycin and amoxicillin were defined at chancing ratios.Öğe Proximate analysis and fatty acid profile of muscle tissues in different body parts of crimean barbel (Barbus tauricus Kessler, 1877)(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2023) Balıkçı, Esra; Özcan, FilizThis study aimed to determine proximate analysis and fatty acid profile of whole body muscle tissue (WM) and muscles in different parts of the body, including dorsal (D), ventral (V), and caudal (C) regions, of the crimean barbel (Barbus tauricus), which is an species caught from the Gelingüllü Dam. In whole body muscle the protein, lipid, moisture, and ash contents of the fish were 18.61, 1.54, 78.49, and 1.09% respectively. The lipid contents of crimean barbel varied between 1.78 and 2.68%, with the highest and lowest percentages in the C and V regions, respectively. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the fatty acid content present in the different parts of the fish. The highest and lowest proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA) were found in WM (23.03) and D (21.94%) region, respectively. The highest and lowest monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents were found in the D muscle (36) and V muscles (33.73%), respectively. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was highest and lowest in C (25.63) and D (22.62%) regions, respectively. The highest eicosapentaenoic acid (4.11) and docosahexaenoic acid (12.98%) contents were found in V and C regions, respectively. The results showed that lipid content and composition of fatty acids may vary in the different body parts of the fish.Öğe Saprolegnia infection and clinical findings in trout farms (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Technical note(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Özcan, FilizThe spread of Saprolegnia spp. can increase mortality rates in fish farms, the surrounding environment and natural populations; therefore, detailed surveys to track the spread of pathogenic Saprolegnia and their distribution from fish farms to the natural environment are critical and should be conducted regularly. In this study, Saprolegnia spp. were detected in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) farms in the Southeast Anatolian region. 40 trout farms in different provinces of the region were visited and 1000 samples were examined. 25 fish with an average live weight of 100–150 g were collected from each farm and the clinical picture was established after macroscopic examination of the fish samples in the laboratory. In order to detect and identify Saprolegniagrowth in the culture environment, the fungus was grown by seeding on Anacker–Ordal (AO) 18°C agar for 5–7 days. As a result of the research, erosion, ulcer formation, increased mucus and fungus (Saprolegnia spp.) were detected in 798 skin samples. Anaemia in the gills, anaemia, hyperemia, oedema in the secondary lamellae and fungus (Saprolegnia spp.) were found in 341 samples. As a result, Saprolegnia spp. was found in farms located in this region. It has been established that in order to protect themselves from this infection, farms in the region must take care not to damage the fish bodies, remove dead and sick fish, not leave excess feed, avoid mechanical damage, pay attention to the deterioration of the mucoid layer, minimise stress factors by avoiding excessive stocking.
