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Öğe Investigation of glandula uropygialis in different avian species using morphometric and histological methods(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2024) Karaavcı, Funda Aksünger; Dörtbudak, Muhammet Bahaeddin; Demircioğlu, Muhammed; Koçyiğit, AliThe aim of this study was to identify the glandula uropygialis's macroanatomical and histological structure in male and female birds (stork, goose, eagle, pigeon, crow and sparrowhawk) that belong to different populations. A total of 58 specimens were used in the study. The study materials were delivered to our laboratory by nature conservation and national parks, and no animals were euthanised for this study. The longitudinal and transversal lengths, dorsoventral heights and feather length of the glandula uropygialis and papilla uropygialis were measured with a digital calliper. Haematoxylin–eosin and Masson trichrome staining were performed for histological examinations. The shape of the glandula uropygialis was found to be pear-shaped in pigeons and sparrowhawks, heart-shaped in geese, kidney-shaped in eagles and oval-fascule-shaped in storks. In the crow, the shape of the glandula uropygialis was different from the other species in that it was located dorso-caudally. Histomorphological examination of the glands of these species revealed that the gland generally consisted of two lobes, right and left, surrounded by connective tissue from the outside. The parenchyma of these lobes consisted of tubulo-alveolar secretory glands with a radial arrangement from the periphery to the centre. The glands within the lobes differed from the periphery to the centre and although the general histomorphological appearance was similar between bird species, some differences were observed between species. Similar stromal structure was observed in all bird species evaluated in the study. However, the reticular connective tissue forming the roof of the gland was found to be more developed in pigeons, especially in Masson's trichroma staining. The degenerative layer in the glands was more prominent in the eagle, followed by the goose and crow. Although a common general histological structure was observed among bird species, simple histomorphological differences were found between these formations, but no differences were found between the sexes. The results obtained will be compared with the findings of the aves class and will provide a data source for this special gland specific to birds. It is thought that the results obtained may help to determine the functional properties of the gland and contribute to the science of ornithology.Öğe Role of vitamin D, folic acid, ferritin, inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of COVID-19(Mattioli 1885, 2022) Unsal, Velid; Sabancılar, İlhan; Özbek, Erdal; Mermutluoğlu, Çiğdem; Temiz, HakanThe COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating and significant events of recent times. COVID-19 has so far become one of the worst infectious disease outbreaks of recent times, with more than 635 million cases and more than 6.6 million deaths. Viruses cause an explosion of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen types. Oxidative stress is thought to have a key role in COVID-19. vitamin D, folic acid, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and ferritin levels are thought to be associated with COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, vitamin D and folic acid, ferritin, Ca and Mg in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: 45 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 45 healthy persons (control group) were included in the study. Vitamin D, ferritin, folic acid, CRP, Ca, Mg and Phosphorus were measured in an autoanalyzer, and SOD, GSH-Px and MDA were spectrophotometrically measured in the serum of the participants. TNF-α, IL-1β and IL6 levels were studied by the ELISA method. Results: The activity of SOD, GSH-px, antioxidant enzymes, Serum vitamin D, folic acid, Ca and Mg of the COVID-19 group was found to be significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Again, the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP and ferritin in the Covid-19 group were found to be significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05).Antioxidant enzyme activities were low and oxidative stress was high in patients with COVID-19. At the same time, the levels of serum ferritin, CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL6 were high, and levels of Ca and Mg were low in patients with COVID-19.According to these results, we hypothesize think that the level of oxidative stress, inflammation, vitamin D, and serum ferritin, Ca, and Mg levels play a role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Future clinical trials should be conducted to further clarify the pathogenesis in patients with COVID-19.Öğe Does oxidative status affect serum sclerostin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?(Medical University of Plovdiv, 2023) Sabancılar, İlhan; Unsal, Velid; Demir, Fidel; Toprak, Gülten; Pekkolay, ZaferIntroduction: Sclerostin is a glycoprotein known as a negative regulator of bone formation, predominantly expressed by mature osteocytes. There is no causative evidence information on the role of sclerostin in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum sclerostin levels and oxidative status and biochemical parameters in T2DM patients and healthy people. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in a clinical trial center, included 45 subjects with T2DM and 45 subjects as controls. Results: Serum sclerostin, total oxidative status (TOS), albumin, and ferritin levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in the control group (p<0.05). Total antioxidant status (TAS) was significantly higher in the control group (p<0.05). There was a weak positive correlation between sclerostin and TOS (r=0.23, p=0.03) and a weak negative correlation between sclerostin and TAS (r=−0.28, p=0.03). Conclusions: We have demonstrated that serum sclerostin levels increase in patients with T2DM and that the increased sclerostin levels are associated with oxidative stress.
