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    Diagnostic accuracy of digital Brix and serum total protein refractometers in estimating different passive immunity levels in dairy calves
    (Elsevier, 2022) Akkose, Mehmet; Kutsal, Hueseyin Gokhan; Kurban, Mert; cinar, Elif Merve; Polat, Yadigar; Cengiz, Murat
    The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of digital serum total protein (TP) and digital Brix refractometers in estimating different passive immunity levels (<10, <18, <25 mg/mL) in dairy calves. Blood samples were collected from 260 apparently healthy Holstein calves, aged 2-7 days. Serum IgG concentrations were measured using digital Brix and TP refractometers and the radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, as the gold standard. Data were analyzed by a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC curves (AUC) and Cohen's kappa (kappa). Optimal thresholds were determined as < 8.4, < 9.0 and < 9.4% for the digital Brix refractometer, and < 5.0, < 5.4 and < 5.8 g/dL for the serum TP refractometer in estimating IgG concentrations of < 10, < 18, < 25 mg/mL, respectively. The sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the Brix refractometer were 96.3% and 88.8% for < 8.4% Brix, 97.0% and 83.4% for < 9.0% Brix, and 85.5% and 77.8% for < 9.4% Brix, respectively. The Se and Sp of the serum TP refractometer were 96.3% and 90.1% for < 5.0 g/ dL, 91.0% and 89.6% for < 5.4 g/dL, 79.6% and 85.2% for < 5.8 g/dL, respectively. The discriminant ability of the refractometers was moderately accurate in estimating IgG concentrations of < 10 and < 18 mg/mL, and highly accurate in estimating IgG concentrations of < 25 mg/mL. Both refractometers substantially agreed with RID-IgG results and almost perfectly agreed with each other. In conclusion, the digital Brix and digital serum TP refractometers offer a good utility for determining different passive immunity levels in dairy calves.