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Öğe Bioconversion Efficiencies of Lignocellulosic Soy Stalk by Pleurotus eryngii Strains(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2010) Yildirim, Numan; Yildiz, AbdunnasirThe bioconversion of soy stalk (SS) lignocellulose by three different starins of Pleurotus eryngii from various origins by solid state fermentation was studied during 40 days. The effect of rice bran ratio, 5% or 10% (w/w), on lignin degradation and laccase activity were measured througout the fermentations while, total crude protein and C/N ratio of the remaining substrate were determined at the end of the fermentations. The degradation of lignocellulose was found by the determination of acid soluble lignin (Klason lignin) content. All the strains degraded lignin with different extents. The amount of lignin degradation was decreased by the addition of the higher quantities of rice bran (SS+10% RB). The highest lignin degradation was obtained as 24.43% by P eryngii var. ferulae (E) and the highest protein level was found to be %13.32 by P eryngii (H). We determined that the laccase activity was generally decreased by the addition of the higher quantities of rice bran (10%). Maximum laccase activity (204.39 U/L) was obtained by P. eryngii (E) on SS + 5% RB at the end of the fermentation. This study showed that, after fungal treatment soy stalk can be used as a feed for ruminants with its higher feeding value.Öğe Changes in antioxidant defense system in gills of Capoeta umbla caught from Uzuncayir Dam Lake, Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2015) Danabas, Durali; Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu; Yildirim, Numan; Onal, Ayten Oztufekci; Uslu, Gulsad; Unlu, Erhan; Danabas, SevalThe aim of this work was to determine the seasonal changes in the activities of selected biomarkers in Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) caught from Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey) and to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on these activities. Fish were sampled on seasonal basis, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde in gills were determined. Significant variations of oxidative stress biomarkers were observed between seasons and sites. The results of this study show that seasonal variations of oxidative stress responses and lipid peroxidation in gills of C. umbla are sensitive to the contaminants present in water of Uzuncayir Dam Lake and selected parameters are in valuable biomarkers for monitoring of water systems, since they give an early warning signal of effects of xenobiotics on aquatic organisms at molecular levels which help to prevent their effects at organismal level. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Cytokine Responses in Gills of Capoeta umbla as Biomarkers of Environmental Pollution(Wiley, 2016) Danabas, Durali; Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu; Yildirim, Numan; Onal, Ayten Oztufekci; Uslu, Gulsad; Unlu, Erhan; Danabas, SevalImmunological biomarkers reflect the effects of exposure to environmental contaminants. In this study, the suitability and sensitivity of cytokine responses, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in gill tissues of Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843), collected from different regions, as early warning indices of environmental pollution and ecosystem health was evaluated. Fish and water samples were taken from ten stations in March and September 2011 and 2012. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels were determined in samples of the gill tissues by using an ELISA kit. Significant variations of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels observed between stations and seasons. The results of this study show that seasonal variations of cytokine responses in gills of Capoeta umbla are sensitive to the contaminants present in Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey) water and are valuable biomarkers for environmental pollution and ecosystem health.Öğe The Effectiveness of Pleurotus eryngii Strains in Biodelignification of Cotton Stalk, Causing Environmental Hazard and Disposable Problem(Friends Science Publ, 2011) Yildirim, Numan; Yildiz, AbdunnasirBiodelignification of cotton stalk (CS) by Pleurotus eryngii collected from Tunceli and Elazig province of Turkey under solid state fermentation (SSF) was studied. The effect of the addition of varying concentration (5 & 10% w/w) of rice bran (RB) on lignin degradation and Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio were investigated. Klason lignin (KL) degradation was followed for 140 day. While substrate initially contained 28.66% KL, maximum lignin loss (69.68+/-1.05%), occurred on CS +5% RB, C/N ratio of non-fermented cotton stalk initially was 34.13+/-4.98% and after incubation this ratio decreased to 18.60+/-0.36% on CS without RB. It was concluded that P. eryngii strain collected from Tunceli province is very effective in delignifying cotton stalk. (C) 2011 Friends Science PublishersÖğe EVALUATION OF THREE STRAINS OF Pleurotus eryngii ISOLATED FROM GEOGRAPHICALLY DIFFERENT REGIONS OF TURKEY FOR THEIR ABILITY TO DECOLORIZE METHYLENE BLUE AND CHRYSTAL VIOLET(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2010) Yildirim, Numan; Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu; Yildiz, AbdunnasirIn this study, the ability to decolorize two chemically different synthetic dyes (methylene blue and crystal violet) by Pleurotus eryngii strains collected from geographically different regions of Turkey was evaluated on agar plates in static liquid cultures. For all strains, growth and decolorization halos were determined on malt extract agar plates containing 0.4 and 0.6 g/L of crystal violet (CV) or methylene blue (MB). Each P. eryngii strain showed certain decolorization capacities and was able to decolorize both MB and CV under static liquid culture conditions, but not to the same extent. The presence of the dyes in static liquid culture reduced the biomass production of all strains in comparison with control culture growing in the medium without dyes. In solid medium, a positive correlation was found between growth halo and decolorization halo.Öğe The investigation on physico-chemical parameters of the textile effluents after treatment by white rot fungus Pleurotus djamor(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Yildirim, Numan; Tanyol, Mehtap; Dere, Turgay; Cumurcu, Aysenur; Yildiz, Abdunnasir[Abstract Not Available]
