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Öğe APPLICABILITY OF CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS AS YIELD PREDICTOR IN DURUM WHEAT(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2010) Yildirim, Mehmet; Kilic, Hasan; Kendal, Enver; Karahan, TuranChlorophyll meter (SPAD) readings can play an important role in selecting promising lines for wheat breeding. Twenty five durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes were grown under irrigated and rainfed conditions at two locations in Diyarbakir, Turkey during 2005 and 2006. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation in SPAD readings, and to determine relationships among SPAD readings, grain yield, grain quality and yield parameters. SPAD readings were taken at heading and grain middle milky stages. SPAD readings exhibited greater genotypic variance compared with grain yield and protein content. Genotype by environment interaction variance did not associate with SPAD readings and, grain yield. At both measuring stages there were positive correlations between SPAD and grain yield. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield under both rainfed and irrigated conditions was mostly determined by grain number. These results suggest that SPAD readings can be used as selection criteria to select durum wheat genotypes that are high yielding but without any decrease in grain protein content.Öğe ASSESSMENT OF THE GRAIN QUALITY OF WHEAT GENOTYPES GROWN UNDER MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS USING GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Yildirim, Mehmet; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Koc, Mujde; Dizlek, Halef; Hossain, Akbar; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Toptas, IremThe field experiment was conducted in agricultural research field under the department of field crops, faculty of agriculture, University of Dicle, Turkey (37 degrees 53' N, 40 degrees 16' E) during spring wheat growing season of 2011-12 for assessing the grain yield and quality of sixteen spring wheat genotypes grown under late sown rainfed condition (high temperature combined with drought stress) as compared with early sowing in irrigated condition (favourable environment). The experiment was laid out in a split split plot design with three replications. Two sowing times: early sowing (cool environment) and late sowing (warm environment) were allocated in main plots, sub-plots were in two irrigation conditions (rainfed and irrigation) and finally sub-sub plots were arranged with sixteen spring wheat genotypes. Data on grain weight (GW), grain protein content (GPC), grain starch content (GSC), test weight (TW), Zeleny sedimentation volume (ZT), dry gluten content (DGC), gluten index (GI) and grain flour content (GFC) were determined to know the adverse effect of high temperature in combined with drought stress. The results of the present study indicates that high temperature combined with drought (late sown heat stress condition) significantly influenced the grain yield and quality parameters of all tested wheat genotypes. Grain protein content showed a positive correlations with DGC and ZT, while negative correlation with GW under normal and heat stress conditions. Moreover, a significant negative association was found between GSC and GPC content due to the adverse effect of high temperature in combined with drought stress. These results support that the performance of genotypes 'Inqilab-91', 'Cham-6', 'Adana-99' and 'Meta-2002' were better in respect of the most important traits of grain quality under adverse environment. Therefore, the genotypes may be considered as prospective good candidates for new wheat varieties for cultivation under heat (late sowing) and drought stress (rainfed) conditions of Turkey.Öğe Automated Recognition of Epilepsy from EEG Signals(Ieee, 2017) Yildirim, Mehmet; Yildiz, AbdulnasirIn this study, it is aimed to design an automatic pattern recognition system for the detection of epilepsy which distinguishes healthy and seizure electroencephalography (EEG) signals. During the study, 100 EEG signals from patients were used during the opened eyes and healthy epileptic seizures. Each EEG signal consisting of 4096 samples was divided into 256 samples and a total of 3200 signals were obtained. The designed pattern recognition system has been developed in 3 basic parts. In the first part, the power spectral density (PSD) estimation is performed with the periodogram and Welch methods and the frequency domain information of the EEG signals is obtained. In the second part, the feature vectors are found from the frequency domain information obtained in the periodogram and Welch PSD estimation. In the third part, healthy EEG signals from the eigenvectors obtained by using K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (K-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are distinguished from pathological EEG signals. 5-fold cross-validation method was used in evaluating the accuracy performance of the designed system. The total classification accuracy of the system was found to be 99.66% with K-NN, 99.72% with SVM for periodogram PSD estimation and 99.72% with K-NN, 99.75% with SVM for Welch PSD estimation. The results of the pattern recognition system designed in the study are promising because they are close to the work done with different approaches in the literature. The pattern recognition system designed here is not a diagnostic tool. It is foreseen that physicians may be useful in evaluating preliminary diagnosis.Öğe CHANGES IN QUALITY COMPONENTS OF DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER TEMPERATURE STRESS AND SUFFICIENT RAINFALL CONDITIONS DURING THE GROWTH PERIOD(Publ House Bulgarian Acad Sci, 2024) Elis, Seval; Yildirim, MehmetA combination of genetic makeup and environmental factors determine the quality characteristics of durum wheat. Specifically, environmental stressors, such as extreme temperature fluctuations, can have a substantial impact on the productivity and quality of wheat crops. The effect of terminal temperature stress on yield and quality in durum wheat genotypes grown during 2019 and 2020 seasons was studied. These characteristics include thousand kernel weight, protein content, hectoliter weight, wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation value, and grain colour. The first year of the study was warmer than the second, resulting in decreased kernel weight, hectoliter weight, and gluten values, as well as increased protein content and Zeleny sedimentation values. This indicates that temperature stress leads to a higher protein content. The study also showed considerable variation in quality traits among genotypes, with certain genotypes demonstrating greater stability in specific quality traits. Genotype by environment interaction significantly affected grain weight, protein content, gluten content and Zeleny sedimentation. These data indicate that temperature stress plays an important role in determining the quality characteristics of durum wheat. Future studies should focus on mitigating the adverse effects of terminal temperature stress and improving the generation of genotypes with optimal quality traits.Öğe Diallel analysis of wheat parents and their F2 progenies under medium and low level of available N in soil(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2007) Yildirim, Mehmet; Bahar, Bilge; Genc, Ibrahim; Korkmaz, Kursat; Karnez, EbruDue to high production cost and prevention of environmental pollution, it is important to reduce the amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer used on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The aim of this study was to evaluate N use of 6 x 6 diallel wheat F-2 progenies and parental lines at low (NO, no N fertilizer) and high (N+, 160 kg N ha(-1)) N levels. Significant differences were found between N+ and NO application in grain N content, grain N yield, N use efficiency for grain N yield (NUEgn), and N use efficiency for grain yield (NUEgy). The cultivar '84CTO4' showed positive and high general combining ability (GCA) effects for all traits at low N level. Also, it was the best combiner for all traits at both N levels. The cultivar 'Genc 99' was the best parent for GCA effects for grain yield and NUEgy. Hybrids 'Genc 99 x 84CZT04' and '84CZT04 x Weaver' showed positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects for all investigated traits at low and high N levels. Variety '84CZT04 x Apogee' had the best SCA effects for all traits at low N level. Overall, the data suggest that it is probable to select promising lines suitable for low N conditions by the crossing of high N use efficient parents.Öğe Effect of Canopy Temperature Depression on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Bread and Durum Wheat(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2008) Bahar, Bilge; Yildirim, Mehmet; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Genc, IbrahimRelationships of CTD (Canopy Temperarture Depression) with grain yield and its components were evaluated under Cukurnova conditions, Turkey, in 2003 growth season. With this aim, six bread and five durum wheat genotypes were used as a material. CTD was measured three times during beginning of heading to full anthesis stages and only at the last measurements, both bread wheat and different wheat genotypes showed significant differences. At the last measurements, CTD of bread wheat ranged between -0.22 and 0.57 degrees C. On the other hand, CTD average values of durum wheat genotypes changed 0.63 to 1.23 degrees C. This study showed chat durum wheat was cooler than bread wheat in high temperature conditions. In addition, CTD was positively correlated with grain yield, spike yield, and grain numbers per spike, Overall, CTD has played an important role to search physiological basis of grain yield of wheat, and CTD can successfully use as a selection criterion in breeding programs.Öğe The effect of personal, familial, and environmental characteristics on acne vulgaris: a prospective, multicenter, case controlled study(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2019) Karadag, Ayse S.; Balta, Ilknur; Saricaoglu, Hayriye; Kilic, Selim; Kelekci, Kiymet H.; Yildirim, Mehmet; Arica, Deniz A.BACKGROUND: There are only a few studies about epidemiological features of acne vulgaris in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyze demographic, clinical, familial and environmental characteristics of acne, the role of diet and aggravating factors and association of these factors with acne severity. METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of mild-moderate to severe acne were consecutively interviewed at the participating centers during the study period. RESULTS: A total of 3826 patients and 759 control patients were involved in this study. Mild acne was the most common type of acne, and most of the lesions were localized on face followed by the trunk. The severity of acne was worse in patients who had a positive family history of acne. The most common triggering factor was psychological stress. We found a positive correlation with chocolate, bread, green tea, milk, white sugar, ripe banana, ice cream, apple, orange, and red meat consumption. As we compare the acne severity according to geographical features we detected mild-moderate acne was more common in Mediterranean region and severe acne was more common in East Anatolian region. Family history positivity was more common in Aegean region and least common in Central Anatolian region. There was statistically significant relationship as we compare acne severity and dietary factors such as chocolate, dairy products such as milk, sunflower seed consumption within the geographical regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the demographic and clinical characteristics of acne patients in Asian and the European parts of Turkey. We believe that this study will provide a useful overview of acne in Turkey.Öğe Effects of Different Zinc Application Methods on Agronomic Traits of Durum Wheat in a Semi-Arid Anatolian Environment(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Doran, Ilhan; Akinci, Cuma; Yildirim, Mehmet; Guel, Ismail; Kaya, ZuelkuefThis study was carried out to determine the effects of different zinc doses and application methods on grain yield, yield components and plant zinc concentrations of durum wheat (cv. Diyarbakir 81) in Southeastern Anatolia region between 2000 and 2002 years. The treatments were soil, seed and leaf applications of zinc to wheat. The amounts of 0, 1800, 3600 and 5400 g zinc ton(-1) seed(-1) for the seed application, 0.0, 2.3, 4.6 and 6.9 kg zinc ha(-1) for soil application and 0.0, 110, 330 and 550 g zinc ha(-1) for the leaf application were used. The results showed that zinc doses significantly affected all the investigated properties. The highest value for all investigated properties, except protein content, was obtained by the highest zinc doses. Compared to the control, grain yield at third and fourth doses increased 15.0 and 17.4 %, over all application methods, respectively. Yield components, i.e., spike length, spikelet number, grain number per spike and thousand grain weight were increased approximately 10 % upon the addition of third and fourth doses. Application methods significantly affected to grain yield, zinc concentration, protein content of grain and plant height. The highest doses of soil, leaf and seed applications increased grain yield up to 26.9, 12.5 and 12.2 %, respectively. The application of 6.9 kg zinc ha(-1) to soil or 5400 g zinc ton(-1) seed(-1) to seed or 550 g zinc ha(-1) solution to the plants may be more efficient in terms of their economically feasibility and yield increases.Öğe Effects of different zinc doses on zinc and protein contents of barley(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Akinci, Cuma; Doran, Ilhan; Yildirim, Mehmet; Guel, IsmailThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different zinc doses and application methods on zinc and protein contents and some yield components of barley (cv. Sahin 91) grown under the semi-arid conditions of south-eastern Anatolia. Foliar and soil application and seed dressing methods at varying levels were tested. Teprosyn F-2498 (600 g Zn L-1) was dressed on-seeds with four doses (0, 3, 6, 9 1 ton(-1)). Four doses (0, 10, 20, 30 kg ha(-1)) of ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O fertilizer were applied into soil at sowing time and four doses (0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 %) (0.0, 110, 330, 550 g Zn ha(-1)) of ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O solution were sprayed three times on to the plants at 15 d intervals, starting from stem elongation onward. Seed dressing affected significantly the protein content of grain, spike length and kernel weight in barley. Soil zinc applications affected spike length and protein content of grain. Foliar Zn applications significantly affected grain weight and the Zn content of barley. Second and third doses of all application methods affected the grain yield, yield components and Zn content of the plants significantly. It was determined that the application of 30 kg ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O ha(-1) to the soil or the application of 6 L ton(-1) Teprosyn F-2498 to the seed or 0.3 % of ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O solution to the plants should be more efficient in terms of their economically feasible aspects and yield increases.Öğe EFFECTS OF ETHYL METHANESULFONATE ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF WHEAT AND TOLERANCE TO IMAZAMOX(Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2024) Bayhan, Merve; Ozkan, Remzi; Albayrak, Onder; Akinci, Cuma; Yildirim, MehmetIn the present study objective bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) lines resistant to Imazamox herbicides and effective lethal ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) doses for plants. During first year (2019/2020), 1000 seeds of bread wheat and durum wheat treated with 11 different EMS doses were sown under field and greenhouse conditions. During second year (2020/2021), M1 (first generation) cereal seeds were grown as M2 (second generation) in field experiments. Herbicide containing Imazamox at a rate of 125 ml per decare was applied to M2 generation plants when they reached approximately 15 cm in height. In bread and durum wheat lines, emergent plants were observed up to a dose of 60mM EMS. The effective EMS doses for the wheat species were determined as 80 mM for bread wheat and 50 mM for durum wheat.Öğe The effects of seed size on emergence and yield of durum wheat(Wfl Publ, 2008) Akinci, Cuma; Yildirim, Mehmet; Bahar, BilgeA two years study was conducted in the 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 growing seasons to determine the effect of seed size on seedling emergence, yield and quality of 'Ceylan 95' durum wheat. In the study, seeds were separated with different sieves and 4 different size groups were prepared. Seed sizes were smaller than 2.2 mm, 2.2-2.5 mm, 2.5-2.8 mm and bigger than 2.8 mm. The seed density of each group was 450 seeds m(-2). The trial was performed according to the completely randomized block design with three replications. Grain yield was increased with uniform large seeds in both years. The use of largest seeds resulted in a more competitive cropping system, improving grain yields by 15%. Germination and emergence rates were higher in bigger seeds. The 1000 kernel weight and test weight of smaller seeds were higher than those of bigger seeds because of poor emergence rate. The use of uniform large seeds increased seedling emergence and grain yield. Results demonstrate that commercial seeds >2.2 mm wide can be successfully used in wheat production.Öğe Efficacy of dexamethasone on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats: An electrophysiological study(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Yilmaz, Tevfik; Akca, Metehan; Turan, Yahya; Ocak, Hakan; Kamasak, Kagan; Yildirim, MehmetCorticosteroids are extensively used in treatment of many diseases. In neurosurgery practice, dexamethasone (DEX) is commonly used particularly in cerebral edema secondary to brain tumors, head trauma, and central nervous system infections. There are some uncertainties surrounding the secure use of DEX in patients with epilepsy or seizures induced by diseases of the central nervous system such as head trauma and brain tumors. Despite its extensive use, the effect of DEX on epileptiform activity is unclear. In this study the effect of DEX on epileptiform activity was investigated in rats. The effects of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg DEX on epileptiform activity was compared with effects of antiepileptic drugs commonly employed in treatment of epilepsy, namely phenytoin (PHT) 50 mg/kg and levetiracetam (LEV) 50 mg/kg that were administered intraperitoneally for 1 week. All groups were administered intracortical penicillin (500 IU) to induce epileptiform activity. DEX at the doses of 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg significantly reduced spike frequencies compared to the initial values. In conclusion, we think that DEX can effectively decrease the epileptiform activity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe EVALUATION OF SPAD CHLOROPHYLL IN SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Barutcular, Celaleddin; Yildirim, Mehmet; Koc, Mujde; Akinci, Cuma; Toptas, Irem; Albayrak, Onder; Tanrikulu, AbdulkadirWheat is an important food crop. Its production is limited by multiple environmental stresses, especially terminal heat stress. High temperature and drought are the main stresses affecting wheat production in the Mediterranean region. Hence, the chlorophyll content in leaves reflects photosynthetic activity and the yield potential of wheat plants. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) chlorophyll meter readings and their relationships with the grain yield of spring wheat growing in different environments, and to examine the physiological responses to environmental stress at different growth stages. Sixteen spring wheat genotypes were grown under two temperature (cool and warm) and two moisture (rain-fed and irrigated) regimes during the 2011/2012 growing season in two locations in Turkey (Adana and Diyarbakir). There were significant genotypic variations in SPAD values under all conditions. There was a significant positive correlation between third-leaf SPAD values and grain yield in the cool-climate conditions at Adana. There was a significant positive relationship between flag-leaf SPAD values at the heading stage and grain yield under cool-climate conditions in Diyarbakir, while the relationship between SPAD values and grain yield was negative under warm-environment conditions. The SPAD values were more strongly affected by location and heat stress than by drought stress. Regarding to the range of SPAD values within each genotype was relatively stable. Together, these results showed that SPAD values can be used as an indicator of grain yield in spring wheat, providing that the measurements are taken at appropriate stages at each location.Öğe Evaluation of spatial memory and locomotor activity during hypercortisolism induced by the administration of dexamethasone in adult male rats(Elsevier, 2015) Yilmaz, Teufik; Gedikli, Oznur; Yildirim, MehmetIn neurosurgery practice glucocorticoids are commonly used. Steroids may have central nervous system side effects affecting whole body, including steroid-induced mental agitation and psychosis. In experimental and clinical studies conducted by using dexamethasone (DEX), it has been reported that DEX adversely affects learning and memory skills. Unfortunately, there are yet no clinically accepted clinical approaches to prevent DEX-induced cognitive dysfunction. In this experimental study it was aimed to investigate the effect of chronic DEX administration on learning-memory and locomotor behaviors in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. In addition, it was also aimed to explore the potential favorable contribution of melatonin (MEL) and vitamin C (Vit C) having antioxidant and neuroprotective properties to the effects of DEX on learning-memory and locomotor behaviors. For this purpose, rats were injected 10 mg/kg DEX intraperitoneally, both alone and in combination with MEL (40 mg/kg) and Vit C (100 mg/kg), for 9 days, and the animals were tested using the radial arm maze and open field apparatus. The test results revealed that DEX caused a significant decrease in spatial memory and locomotor activities and MEL and Vit C failed to reverse losses in these activities. Furthermore, DEX led to a gradual weight loss that reached 30% of the initial weight at 9th day of the injection. DEX administration causes a generalized loss of behavioral activity of rats. Experimental studies devised to investigate effects of DEX should take into account this DEX-induced generalized behavioral loss when assessing the effects of DEX on learning and memory skills. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe EVALUATION OF THIRTEEN DURUM WHEAT (TRITICUM DURUM DESF.) GENOTYPES SUITABLE FOR MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS USING GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Kizilgeci, Ferhat; Albayrak, Onder; Yildirim, MehmetThe present study was undertaken to identify the best durum wheat genotypes suitable for the South-Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey with desirable grain yield and quality. In the context, thirteen spring durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in four environmental condition of the target region in consecutive two growing seasons in the year 2013-14 and 2014-15. The stability and superiority of genotypes, and favorable testing environments were described by using ANOVA and GGE biplot analysis (genotype, genotype x environment). Genotype, environment and GEI (genotype x environment interaction) was found to be highly significant for multiple traits. The total variation of PCI (principles component) and PC2 was calculated 90% for ETI (environment trait interaction), 57.35 for GTI (genotype trait interaction), and 87.5% for GE interaction. The results of total variation of ETI was found higher than GTI and GEI. On the other hand, the biplot analysis showed that four megaenvironments occurred among ETI and three environments (E1, E2 and E3) correlated with different traits, while environments E4 did not correlated with any traits. The environment El was found the best for Grain yield, test weight, thousand kernel weight and starch content, E2 for L*, b*, SPAD, and E3 for zeleny sedimentation, protein content and wet gluten content. In the biplot analysis, the environments divided three sector based on traits. Among the genotypes, the genotype G8 was performed the best in all tested environments, while G9 was found the best based on all traits. The results of the study showed that GGE biplot analysis can be used as a good tool to identity of the most suitable environment in terms of all the characteristics as well as to identify the best genotypes for future breeding program.Öğe Evaluation of yield and yield components of some Turkish maize landraces grown in south eastern Anatolia, Turkey by biplot analysis(Life Sciences Soc Pakistan, 2019) Kizilgeci, Ferhat; Albayrak, Onder; Yildirim, Mehmet; Akinci, Cuma; Bicer, Behiye TubaMaize has comparatively high genetic diversity. Thus, we evaluated yield and yield traits on 92 maize landraces collected from Black Sea and Marmara Regions of Turkey and investigated three maize hybrids for yield and some morphological traits under Diyarbakir conditions in 2016 growing season. Mean value of plant height varied between 131-270 cm among maize landraces, 62.33-177cm for first ear height, 13.07-24.70 mm for stalk thickness, 9.04-22 cm for ear length, 10.70-44.16 mm for ear diameter, 7.33-16.80 for row number of ear(-1), 10-44.60 for the number of kernels in row(-1), 16.43-27.46 mm for rachis diameter and 1387-18226.7 kg ha(-1) for grain yield. According to our finding of the hybrid and the local maize genotypes, the grain yield, the number of grains in the cob and the weight of the cob, plant height, and number of rows were collected in the single group in the biplot chart. DZM-194-2 and DZM-11 local maize genotypes were found more stable for all investigated traits. DZM-7, DZM-194-2, DZM-11 and DZM-222-4 genotypes shown superiority to other genotypes in terms of grain yield.Öğe EVALUATION OF YIELD TRAITS, QUALITY PARAMETERS AND SEED YIELD STABILITY FOR LENTIL GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Kizilgeci, Ferhat; Bicer, Behiye Tuba; Yildirim, Mehmet; Akinci, Cuma; Albayrak, Onder; Bayman, SerkanLentil is conventionally grown as a rain fed crop, mostly in the Middle East; it's a rich source of protein for human feeding. Yield, seed quality, adaptability and chalky spot syndrome of fifteen lentil genotypes and five lentil cultivars were evaluated in the South-Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. Yield and yield trails as well as seed quality such as protein content, seed rate with chalky spotted and germination rate for of all genotypes were varied significantly. Seed yield were varied from 1337 to 2142 kg/ha among the genotypes. While cultivar 'Sakar' produced the maximum yield and cultivar 'BM 848' produced the minimum seed yield. It was also revealed that genotypes 'ILL10975', 'FLIP2010-94L' and cultivar 'Sakar' was found the most sensitive to cold. Lentil crops with chalky spotted were detected in Adiyaman location and its rate ranged from 42% to 13%. Genotype x environment interaction was significant for seed yield and different stability parameters were computed for genotype adaptability. Ecovalance (W(2)i) and stability variance (sigma(2)i) were low value in genotypes ILL 3375 and Kafkas, but Firat 87 had high values.Öğe Exploring genetic diversity and Population structure of five Aegilops species with inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers(Springer, 2022) Kizilgeci, Ferhat; Bayhan, Bora; Turkoglu, Aras; Haliloglu, Kamil; Yildirim, MehmetBackground Turkey is not only a center of origin for wheat, but also contains wild forms of various cereals. Turkey, located in the Fertile Crescent, has conserved its genetic richness to the present day. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic diversity of 70 wild wheat species, to evaluate the structure of diversity in germplasm and to generate useful data for further breeding programs. Methods and results Genetic diversity and population structure of 70 wild wheat species (Ae. cylindrica, Ae. geniculata, Ae. triuncialis, T. dicocoides, Ae. columnaris) collected from Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey were investigated in this study with the use of inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers. Of 35 iPBS primers used, 11 yielded a total of 61 alleles. Number of alleles per marker varied between 2 (iPBS-2085) and 9 (iPBS-2394) with an average value of 5.55. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values varied between 0.22 and 0.47, with an average value of 0.35. Average number of effective alleles (Ne) was identified as 1.9488, Nei's genetic diversity (H) as 0,4861 and Shannon's information index (I) as 0.6791. Cluster analysis through unweighted pair-group mean average (UPGMA) method revealed that 70 wild wheats were divided into three main clusters. Genetic similarity between the genotypes, calculated with the use of NTSYS-pc software, varied between 19% (YB2 and YB70) and 98% (YB66 and YB67). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that three principal coordinates explained 62.33% of total variation. Moreover, population structure analysis showed that all genotypes formed three sub-populations. Expected heterozygosity values varied between 0.2666 (the first sub-population) and 0.2330 (third sub-population), with an average value of 0.2500. Average population differentiation measurement (Fst) was identified as 0.3716 for the first sub-population, 0.3930 for the second subpopulation and 0.4804 for the third sub-population. Conclusions Based on present findings population structure of 70 wild wheat genotypes collected from Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey were successfully characterized with the use of iPBS markers. Present findings suggested that iPBS-retrotransposon markers could reliably be used to elucidate genetic diversity of Aegilops genotypes.Öğe Heat and drought resistances criteria in spring bread wheat: Drought resistance parameters(Academic Journals, 2010) Bahar, Bilge; Yildirim, MehmetSome spring bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for drought resistance using drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) and drought susceptibility index (DSI) under rainfed conditions in this study. Field trials were conducted in the Research Area of Field Crops Department, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University during 2002 - 2003 with high rainfall and 2003 - 2004 with low rainfall growth seasons. High variations were observed for drought resistance parameters both DTE and DSI in this study. While DTE values ranged from 65 - 98%, DSI values changed 0.077 - 1.761. The genotypes with high DTE and low DSI were evaluated as drought resistant; meanwhile, genotypes with low DTE and high DSI were considered as drought susceptible. Thus, genotypes Croc 1/Aegilops squarrosa, Genc 99, Weawer/WL 3926, Oasis/Kauz//*4 Bcn, and Punjab 96 with the lowest DSI and the highest DTE values were accepted drought resistant genotypes which may be used as the genetic sources for drought resistance.Öğe Macronutrient concentration and remobilization in spring wheat organs during grain filling(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Tiryakioglu, Murat; Yildirim, Mehmet; Karanlik, SemaThis study was conducted with 4 bread wheat genotypes to determine the macronutrient content in different plant organs during the grain filling period. Macronutrient contents such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were determined in lower stems, peduncles, lower leaves, flag leaves, rachises, florets, and grains. High genotype effects were found for all macronutrients and plant organs. N, P, K, and Mg decreased during grain filling in all plant parts except the grain. The rate of decrease varied depending on plant organs and nutrients. Grain nutrient concentration, except nitrogen content, increased up to physiological maturity. In contrast to the other nutrients, Ca content increased or remained stable depending on the plant organs. The macronutrient remobilization order from plant organs to grain was Mg < P < N < K <= Ca, and all nutrients were accepted as removable at grain development stages. Remobilization models of macronutrients in grains can be valuable for detecting high-capacity plants for nutrient accumulation in stressful environments. Relationships among macronutrients and their relationships with plant organs can be used, by way of indirect selection, in wheat breeding efforts.
