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Öğe Agricultural biotechnology in Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Yildirim, Hakan; Onay, Ahmet; Ozden, Yelda; Tilkat, Engin[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Clonal micropropagation of Pistacia lentiscus L. and assessment of genetic stability using IRAP markers(Springer, 2015) Kilinc, Fatih Mehmet; Suzerer, Veysel; Ciftci, Yelda Ozden; Onay, Ahmet; Yildirim, Hakan; Uncuoglu, Ahu Altinkut; Tilkat, EnginAn efficient protocol for clonal micropropagation of selected genotypes of lentisk, Pistacia lentiscus L., which is cultivated for the masticha resin, has been developed using shoot tip explants originating from in vitro seedlings. BA was found to be optimum for shoot morphogenesis in terms of the number and length of shoots among the cytokinins tested for all cloned genotypes, while the highest shoot length was noticed in the presence of 2iP at a rate 4.92 mu M. Efficient rooting (94.15 %) was achieved in a medium containing 19.6 mu M IBA with the clone II that was superior to the rest of the clones tested. The method developed for plant acclimatization was satisfactory because a high percentage of plant survival (95 %) in the growth room in the clone II was obtained and the regenerated plantlets resumed growth after 4 months. DNAs from mother seedlings and micropropagated plantlets belonging to 6, 9 and 12 times subcultured were isolated and subjected to IRAP analysis in order to evaluate their genetic stability and detect possibly existing variations among in vitro derived plantlets. The mean percentage of similarity calculated by Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 78 to 86 % in the four genotypes. Although variation was observed among mother plantlets and its regenerants for all of the clones, polymorphic information content value in the range of 0.391-0.405 indicated the presence of reasonable polymorphism within the clones. The presented data confirmed that the clonal propagation of lentisk by using shoot tips could be used for commercial exploitation of the selected genotype.Öğe Developments in pistachio biotechnology(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Tilkat, Engin; Onay, Ahmet; Ozden, Yelda; Yildirim, Hakan; Tilkat, Emine Ayaz[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Direct plant regeneration from mature leaf explants of pistachio, Pistacia vera L.(Elsevier, 2009) Tilkat, Engin; Onay, Ahmet; Yildirim, Hakan; Ayaz, EmineA protocol was developed for direct shoot and plantlet regeneration from in vitro regenerated leaf explants of male Pistacia vera L. cv. 'Atli'. Leaves excised from axenic shoot cultures of pistachio were used to induce organogenesis on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with Gamborg vitamins supplemented with combinations of different concentrations of BAP and IAA. The highest adventitious shoot regeneration in 35% of the explants, with the number of shoots ranging from 2 to 3 per explant, occurred in the explants cultured during the establishment phase in the medium with 1 mg l(-1) IAA and 2 mg l(-1) BAR For shoot multiplication, the highest number of new microshoot/explants (5.76) was obtained in a culture medium supplemented with 1 mg l(-1) BAP, but it was not significantly different from the number obtained at 2 mg l(-1) BAP. A high rooting frequency (84%) for nicroshoots was recorded on a medium supplemented with 2 mg l(-1) IBA. In vitro rooted plantlets were transferred to pots filled with a mixture of soil, sand and peat (1: 1: 1). They were weaned in a growth room and finally moved to a greenhouse. This protocol could be utilized for in vitro clonal propagation of this economically important plant. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of genotype on somatic embryogenesis in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)(Sejani Publ, 2007) Onay, Ahmet; Tilkat, Engin; Yildirim, HakanGenotypes representing eight botanical cultivars of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) were assessed for somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant conversion from immature kernels. Embryogenic masses (EMSs) were produced from kernels of immature fruit of pistachio cultured in liquid MS medium with Gamborg vitamins, supplemented with 100 mgl(-1) casein hydrolysate, 100 mgl(-1)L-Ascorbic acid, 3% sucrose, and BAP. EMS differentiated directly from the kernels after culture for 2 weeks in liquid medium with 0.5 mg P BAP. Genotype x collection date had large effects on initiation of somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic tissues containing embryoid or individual somatic embryos were isolated from the original tissue and used to initiate repetitive liquid or agarified cultures. To determine the effects of genotypes during maturation on the subsequent germination and plantlet generation, clusters of EMSs from the different genotypes were transferred from liquid medium onto the surface of 5.7% agar solidified MS medium with Gamborg vitamins, containing 4% sucrose, 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP and 0.5 mg l(-1) IBA. After 4 weeks, individual or clusters of mature somatic embryos were transferred from maturation medium onto the germination medium (GM). The number of matured and germinated somatic embryos was influenced by the genotype in the maturation medium. Acclimatized plantlets resumed growth after transfer to a soil and peat mixture, and many developed to maturity.Öğe AN EFFECTIVE PROTOCOL FOR IN VITRO GERMINATION AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF LENTISK (Pistacia lentiscus L.)(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2018) Yildirim, Hakan; Calar, Nazan; Onay, AhmetDifferent nutrient media (MS [Murashige and Skoog 1962]; QL [Quoirin and Lepoivre 1977] and WPM [Lloyd and McCown 1980]); plant growth regulators BA (benzil adenin), GA 3 (gibberellic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric-acid), NAA (naftalen acedic acid); and sucrose concentrations were studied to determine the in vitro culture effects on healthier and faster seedling development from mature lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus L.) seeds. After 28 days of culture, the percentage of germinated seeds was the highest (70%) in the full-strength MS medium. The cytokinin BA was superior to other tested treatments in terms of its ability to promote germination of lentisk seeds. When tested at different concentrations, sucrose gave the best results obtained at concentrations of 1-4%, whereas high concentrations (6 and 8%) mainly decreased germination rate and there was no a regular pattern for elongation of the aerial parts of plants. With this described protocol, on average 76.67% seeds germinated 4 weeks after culture. Developed seedlings were satisfactorily acclimatized in sterilized peat, soil and perlite containing compost, with high percentage survival viability was obtained 9 months after transfer to in vivo conditions (93.33%). The results obtained showed that the enriched full-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 BA and 3% sucrose induced homogeneous and healthy seedling development in a period of 4 to 8 weeks of culture.Öğe Evaluation of selected almond types in Kocakoy and Hani Counties(Academic Journals, 2010) Simsek, Mikdat; Osmanoglu, Abdullah; Yildirim, HakanThis study was carried out in Kocakoy and Hani counties of Diyarbakir province in Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey during years 2006 and 2007. The aim of the research was to select and evaluate almond types which had good quality and late flowering. Although these populations have a special importance with respect to almond genetic resources, no studies have been made about almond in this area up to now. Therefore, this research had a great important. For this purpose, natural almond populations of these counties were surveyed and 130 types which had open late flowering according to the other almond types were labelled and evaluated for breeding objectives. At the end of this study, 15 promising types (21-HA-1, 21-HA-8, 21-HA-13, 21-HA-31, 21-HA-45, 21-HA-48, 21-KO-2, 21-KO-16, 21-KO-18, 21-KO-21, 21-KO-34, 21-KO-42, 21-KO-44, 21-KO-46 and 21-KO-49) having superior characteristics were selected. In this study, it was determined that the fruit weight with shell, fruit length with shell, fruit width with shell, kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, widthness index, thickness index, kernel ratio, double kernel ratio, twin kernel ratio and sound kernel ratio ranged from 2.14 - 1.15 g, 28.51 - 23.94 mm, 19.13 - 15.03 mm, 1.25 - 0.69 g, 21.99 - 18.22 mm, 11.60-10.15 mm, 57.19 - 51.93, 47.55 - 36.08, 62.81 - 37.43%, 0.00%, 0.00% and 100%, respectively. In addition, It was determined that total points according to flowering and quality changed from 790-646 and 782-638, respectively.Öğe Fruit characteristics of the selected fig genotypes(Academic Journals, 2010) Simsek, Mikdat; Yildirim, HakanThe aim of this research was determine of fruit characteristics and select of some significant fig genotypes grown in Kiziltepe district of Mardin province. No studies have been made on the fig genotypes in Kiziltepe district by researchers up to now. Therefore, this study was very important. In this research, six fig genotypes were evaluated for two years. A lot of pomological characteristics of the selected fig genotypes were determined during years 2007 and 2008. According to the averages in two years, fruit weight ranged between 68.04 and 43.96 g,ostiolum width ranged between 4.55 and 2.46 mm, total soluble solids (TSS) ranged between 21.10 and 16.78% and acidity ranged between 0.28 and 0.22%. In addition, KZTP-32 and KZTP-30 fig genotypes scored the highest in overall quality according to the results of the weighted ranked method.Öğe In vitro conservation and cryopreservation of mature pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) germplasm(Springer India, 2013) Akdemir, Huelya; Suzerer, Veysel; Tilkat, Engin; Yildirim, Hakan; Onay, Ahmet; Ciftci, Yelda OzdenAs genetic erosion of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) has been occurring in the Mediterranean, Central and West Asia and North Africa, experiments were conducted to conserve two cultivars ('Atli' and 'Siirt') of mature pistachio germplasm by assessing both medium-and long-term conservation techniques. In medium-term conservation, our results showed that it was feasible to conserve both cultivars in the form of either microshoots or encapsulated shoot apices up to 12 months at 4 degrees C in the dark. As regards long-term conservation, encapsulation-dehydration and droplet-vitrification techniques were assessed for cryopreservation of cold-hardened and osmoprotected shoot apices of mature 'Atli' cultivar. Among the methods tested, 13.6% of regrowth was achieved with incubation of explants in the droplets of vitrification solution for 150 min at 0 degrees C followed by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN), rapidly thawed and then cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing 1 mg L-1 BA and 0.5 mg L-1 GA(3). The developed droplet-vitrification technique appeared as a promising procedure for long-term preservation of shoot apices of mature pistachio germplasm. Moreover, assesment of genetic fidelity by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) revealed out high levels of genetic stability between donor plant and cryopreserved plants (similarity indexes between 0.959 and 0.973) after they were subcultured for at least 3 months. The detected low level of genetic instability could be due to the toxic effect of PVS2 and regeneration phase. The optimized conservation techniques, especially slow growth storage, could be applied to preserve other Pistacia species.Öğe IN VITRO MICROGRAFTING OF THE ALMOND CULTIVARS TEXAS, FERRASTAR AND NONPAREIL(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Yildirim, Hakan; Akdemir, Hulya; Suzerer, Veysel; Ozden, Yelda; Onay, AhmetA successful micrografting technique for the almond cultivars (cvs) Texas, Ferrastar and Nonpareil was developed using in vitro germinated seedlings as rootstocks and axenic shoot cultures established from mature tree sources as microscions. In vitro germinated seedlings, which developed 14 days after culturing in the modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, were decapitated and used as rootstock. Shoot culture initiation from three almond cvs (Texas, Ferrastar and Nonpareil') was successfully achieved by culturing mature shoot tips from forced nodal buds, about 4-6 mm, on a modified MS medium containing I mg.L-1 benzyl adenin (BA). Slit micrografting on epicotyl and on hypocotyls were equally successful (83.3 % to 100 %). Grafting success was dependent on the rootstock type and lenght of the scion. Grafting success varied between 83.33 % and 100 % depending on the cultivar, when the scion contained I, 2, and 3 nodes. When almond scions, about 1.5 cm long, were micrografted on germinated seedling and cultured on proliferation medium (PM), the mean shoot length was 19.84 mm, 16.50 mm, 26.93 mm for the cvs Texas, Ferrastar and Nonpareil respectively Micro grafts could be easily cultured on a hormone-free semi-solid MS medium and were potted out after 4 to 6 weeks of culture growth. Rooted micrografted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to potting mix with 100 % survival. Although low percentages of variation were obtained in tested cvs (3.70 %, 6.25 % and 10.2 % in Texas, Ferrastar and Nonpareil'), molecular analysis showed that the developed micrografting technique produces genetically stable plantlets, at least up to 6 months of sub-culturing in cvs Ferrastar and Nonpareil. The described micrografting technique could be used for rejuvenation of shoot explants of mature elite almond cultivars and it also has potential use in the commercial production of other almond cultivars. Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 2013, 27(1), 3493-3501Öğe Indirect somatic embryogenesis from mature embryo cultures of pistachio, Pistacia vera L.(Sejani Publisher, 2007) Onay, Ahmet; Tilkat, Engin; Yildirim, Hakan; Suzerer, VeyselInduction of somatic embryogenesis, proliferation and development of somatic embryos was obtained through different culture passages with respect to plant growth regulators. Callus cultures were initiated on callus induction medium (CIM) containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts with Gamborg vitamins supplemented with 2.0 mg l(-1)2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 40 g l(-1) sucrose from mature zygotic embryo of pistachio. Embryogenic tissue with globular somatic embryos was obtained when the calli were initiated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with Gamborg vitamins supplemented with 1-4 mg l(-1) 2,4-D or its combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The embryogenic cultures were maintained on an embryogenesis induction medium (EIM), which contains 1-2 mg l(-1) BAP for 4 weeks. These cultures were regularly subcultured every three or four weeks on EIM. After transfer of the embryogenic tissues into the somatic embryo maturation medium (ENM) containing 0.5 mg l(-1) BAP, with various concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose, somatic embryos appeared. On the media with 0.5 mg P ABA and 6% sucrose the highest number of somatic embryos (42 per 250 mg of fresh weight) was formed. Adventive stages of somatic embryos were manually separated from the friable embryogenic tissues. Separated somatic embryos germinated on solidified MS medium without growth regulators, developed into plantlets.Öğe Influence of BAP Concentrations and Nutrient Medium Composition on In Vitro Regeneration of 'Okuzgozu' and 'Boazkere' (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars(Springer, 2018) Yildirim, Hakan; Ozdemir, GultekinThis study has been conducted with the aim to determine the type of nutrient medium that can be used in micropropagation studies for 'Okuzgozu' and 'Boazkere' and to specify BAP concentrations. In the study where ejectors with a length of 0.7-0.8cm that are obtained with single-node culture are used, it was focused on four different nutrient media such as MS, DKW, QL and WPM and on six different concentrations such as 0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0-1.5 mg l(-1) BAP. Single-node suspension explants which will be used in initiating the culture, are taken into culture in MS nutrient medium and the nutrient medium is supported with 30g l(-1) sucrose, 6g l(-1) agar and 1 mg l(-1) BAP. In the trial environment, parameters such as number of shoots, shoot length (cm), number of nodes and callus ratio have been investigated. For both grape varieties, the best outcome was obtained with MS nutrient medium with respect to number of shoots, shoot length, and number of nodes. These values were found as 4.66, 1.24 and 6.39 for 'Okuzgozu' variety respectively, whereas they are determined as 6.28, 1.15 and 6.81 for 'Boazkere' variety respectively. In both grape varieties in DKW nutrient medium, starting from the 2nd week of culture, obscuration began to appear on the shoots and after this stage no other development has taken place.Öğe Micropropagation of Pistacia lentiscus L. from axenic seedling-derived explants(Elsevier, 2012) Yildirim, HakanPistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae). a deciduous forest tree, is important multipurpose Pistacia tree. Today, the major limitation facing the widespread expansion of commercial lentisk plantations is the shortage of superior plants primarily because of difficulties experienced in propagating this species by using the traditional vegetative propagation methods. Shoot cultures were established from aseptically germinated seedlings of lentisk. Factors including the different N-6-benzyladenine (BA) concentrations, the combination of cytokinin and other growth regulators, media and antioxidants were assessed and optimized for in vitro shoot proliferation. Full strength MS medium with Gamborg's vitamins containing 30 gl(-1) sucrose, 100 mg l(-1) PVP, 1 mg l(-1) BA and 7 g l(-1) agar resulted in multiple shoot (bud) initiation at the rate of 2.7 +/- 0.17 shoot (4.18 +/- 0.17 bud) per explant in 28 days of culture. Moreover, with the use of in vitro proliferated axenic cultures subcultured at least twice, the effects of auxins and mineral medium strength were also assessed for root induction. Efficient rooting (92%) was achieved in a medium containing 1 mg l(-1) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The method developed for plant acclimatization was satisfactory because a high percentage of plant survival (83.33%) in the growth room was obtained and the regenerated plantlets resumed growth after 4 months (96%). The method described will be useful for rapid multiplication of lentisk for commercial exploitation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Micropropagation of the apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cv. Hacihaliloglu by means of single node culture(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2011) Yildirim, Hakan; Onay, Ahmet; Tilkat, Engin; Akturk, ZaferHacihaliloglu is one of the most widely cultivated apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars in Turkey. It produces fruit of excellent quality and is consumed both fresh and dried. In this study several factors affecting in vitro culture, rapid proliferation, rooting, and acclimatization of the apricot cultivar Hacihaliloglu were examined. During this study significant differences in harvesting dates were observed, with the month of May being noted as the best time to examine the in vitro culture of Hacihaliloglu. The effects of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), kinetin (Kin), and thidiazuron (TDZ) were evaluated individually, and different concentrations of BA were also tested. BA levels were tested for their effects on shoot proliferation and 1.0 mg L-1 of BA was the most suitable dose for promoting shoot multiplication cultures. The greatest number of shoots (3.42 +/- 0.19) was obtained using 2.0 mg L-1 of BA; this was significantly greater than that of the control, but there was no significant difference in the mean obtained with 1 mg L-1 of BA. The effect of a carbon source on shoot proliferation was studied by using glucose, sucrose, fructose, and lactose at the 3.0% concentration. Sucrose resulted in better shoot proliferation than the other sugar varieties tested. The best rooting percentage was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The regenerated plants were successfully transferred to soil. Herein a simple and effective method is reported for the micropropagation of the apricot cv. Hacihaliloglu from adult plants.Öğe Plant tissue culture techniques-Tools in plant micro-propagation(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Onay, Ahmet; Yildirim, Hakan; Tokatli, Yelda Ozden; Akdemir, Hulya; Suzerer, Veysel[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Two new host records of Atanycolus ivanowi (Kokujev, 1898) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Turkey(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2009) Bolu, Halil; Beyarslan, Ahmet; Yildirim, Hakan; Akturk, ZaferThis study was carried out in Diyarbakir province in Southeastern Region of Turkey between 2008 and 2009. The larvae of Sphenoptera (Tropeopeltis) tappesi Marseul, 1865 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Osphranteria coerulescens inaurata Holzschuh, 1981 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were collected from peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) tree plantations in Diyarbakir province of Turkey during October and November and were brought to the laboratory for rearing. 61 larvae were gathered altogether in the study. Of these 56 were S. (T.) tappesi and 5 were O. coerulescens inaurata larvae. 20 Atanycolus ivanowi (Kokujev, 1898) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were obtained from S. (T.) tappesi larvae and 1 was obtained from O. coerulescens inaurata larvae. S. (T.) tappesi and O. coerulescens inaurata were recorded as two new hosts of A. ivanowi from Turkey. A. ivanowi is recorded for first time Turkey.
