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    Öğe
    In vitro micrografting of mature pistachio (Pistacia vera var. Siirt)
    (Springer, 2004) Onay, A; Pirinç, V; Yildirim, H; Basaran, D
    The success of various in vitro micrografting methods of shoot tips of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. var. Siirt) have been examined. Excised zygotic embryos that germinated in vitro were used as rootstocks. Current year shoot tips from mature trees of pistachio micrografted onto in vitro juvenile rootstocks, resulted in the restoration of shoot-bud proliferation. Variables tested include a size of microscion, grafting method, effects of culture medium and effects of time of the year at which shoot tips were used. The results indicate that the easiest and most successful method for grafting was slit micrografting. High levels of micrograft take were achieved with 2-4 mm (56.75%) and 4-6 mm (79.25%) long scions obtained from the regenerated shoot tips. The survival rate of the shoot tips was directly related to time of the year. The best growth of microscion was obtained with the in vitro forced shoot tips rather than with shoot tips excised from tree. Slow growth and lack of axillary shoot development on the micrografts was noticeable when the micrografts were cultured on hormone-free and germination medium. In vitro micrografted plantlets were successfully weaned and no problems were encountered with the establishment of micrografted plants in vivo.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Somatic embryogenesis of pistachio from female flowers
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2004) Onay, A; Pirinç, V; Tilkat, E; Aktürk, Z; Yildirim, H
    Induction of somatic embryogenesis from the flower buds of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) was studied with respect to growth regulators. Sixty-five percent of cultures formed embryogenic calli when placed on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1 mg l(-1) benzylaminopurine. In contrast, thidiazuron and a-naphthalene acetic acid reduced embryogenesis. Some of the somatic embryos had fused hypocotyls or multiple cotyledons. Abscisic acid was not necessary for maturation. Fewer somatic embryos germinated with 0.5 mg l(-1) abscisic acid, but more converted into plantlets. Separate, morphologically normal, somatic embryos germinated on semi-solid germination medium, and developed into plantlets. Cytological analysis revealed a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 30, similar to seedlings. The protocol described in this paper, for the induction of somatic embryos indirectly from female flowers of pistachio, represents a first step towards the production of clonal stocks.