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Öğe 7-Acetoxyhorminone from Salvia multicaulis Vahl. as Promising Inhibitor of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase(MDPI, 2022) Yiğitkan, Serkan; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Salmas, Ramin Ekhteiari; Fırat, Mehmet; Orhan, İlkay Erdoğan3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is a key enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and one of the most important targets for the treatment of hy-percholesterolemia. A limited number of studies on the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory potential of natural products are available. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to test the HMG-CoA re-ductase inhibitory capacity of extracts from the roots and aerial parts of Salvia multicaulis Vahl., through activity-guided isolation. Our findings revealed that the root extract prepared with di-chloromethane–acetone (1:1) showed the highest inhibition (71.97 ± 0.37%) at 100 µg/mL. The extract was then initially fractionated by column chromatography and the obtained fractions were monitored by thin layer chromatography. Fractions which were similar to each other were combined and a total of 15 fractions were obtained. Further conventional chromatographic studies were carried out on the active fractions. Based on these fractions, 10 known compounds, compris-ing 9 terpenes and 1 steroid derivative in total, were isolated and their structures were verified by a combination of IT-TOF-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. According to the enzyme inhibition data of the identified compounds, 7-acetoxyhorminone exerted the highest inhibition (84.15 ± 0.10%, IC50 = 63.6 ± 1.21 µg/mL). The molecular docking experiments on 7-acetoxyhorminone and horminone indicated that both compounds strongly bind to the active site of the enzyme.Öğe A comprehensive study on chemical and biological investigation of thymus brachychilus jalas: A rich source of ursolic and oleanolic acids(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yiğitkan, Serkan; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yener, İsmail; Varhan Oral, Elif; Fırat, Mehmet; Orhan, İlkay ErdoğanThe significance of Thymus species in the scientific community is growing steadily due to their extensive utilization in traditional medicine, food industry, and pharmaceutical sector, owing to their abundance in essential oil and phytochemical content, rendering them commercially significant species. The current work focuses on conducting a comprehensive analysis of the ethanol extract and essential oil derived from the root and aerial portions of Thymus brachychilus Jalas, an endemic species that has not been previously investigated. Additionally, a novel GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) technique was developed to quantify the levels of triterpenoids, which are frequently found in many plants, particularly those belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The approach was then used to assess the triterpenoid content of the species. While the phenolic content of the species was determined by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), the chemical composition of triterpenoid, essential oil and flavor (aroma) of the plant was determined by GC-MS. Eucalyptol was the primary ingredient in both the essential oil and the flavor, accounting for 11.05% and 12.35%, respectively. In the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging techniques, the root ethanol extract exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 26.70 +/- 0.23 and 19.16 +/- 0.11 mu g/mL, respectively. There was a high level of urease (59.54 +/- 1.67% at 100 mu g/mL) inhibitory activity observed in the root ethanol extract in enzyme inhibition assays, as well as angiotensin (94.80 +/- 0.56%), elastase (40.19 +/- 0.39%), and collagenase (48.26 +/- 0.12%) inhibition in the aerial ethanol extract. Moreover, the MCF-7 cell line for breast cancer had a strong cytotoxic impact when exposed to the essential oil of the species (vitality%: 1.45 +/- 0.01 at 200 mu g/mL. The LC-MS/MS and GC-MS studies revealed that the roots had a significant concentration of rosmarinic acid (15,801 mu g analyte/g extract), but the aerial portions had a substantial quantity of ursolic acid (152,374 mu g analyte/g extract). The plant exhibits potential in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors on account of its elevated levels of rosmarinic and ursolic acid, superior antioxidant capacity, and angiotensin and urease inhibitory effect.Öğe ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THYMUS CANOVIRIDIS JALAS AND THYMUS SIPYLEUS BOISS.(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2024) Yiğitkan, Serkan; Fırat, MehmetObjective: Members of the Lamiaceae family are considered to be major sources of bioactive therapeutic agents. Many of them are important medicinal and aromatic plants used in traditional and modern medicine and in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to investigate in detail the biological activities and chemical composition of the essential oils of Thymus canoviridis Jalas and Thymus sipyleus Boiss. species belonging to the genus Thymus, one of the most important genera of the Lamiaceae family. Material and Method: The essential oil content of the species was determined by GC-MS. Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were determined using lipid peroxidation, DPPH free radical, ABTS cation radical and CUPRAC methods. In addition, cytotoxic activities against breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines and anticholinesterase (against AChE and BChE enzymes), urease, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activities were determined. Result and Discussion: When the essential oil composition of T. sipyleus was analyzed, the major compounds were 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (18.16%), camphor (15.08%) and endo-borneol (11.63%), while T. canoviridis was found to be rich in carvacrol (72.88%). T. canoviridis showed high antioxidant activity in lipid peroxidation (IC50: 45.72±0.12 µg/ml), ABTS (IC50: 6.12±0.03 µg/ml) and CUPRAC (IC50: 5.31±0.01 µg/ml) methods. The selectivities of T. canoviridis and T. sipyleus species against MCF-7 cell line were 4.39 and 6.81, respectively. In the enzyme inhibition studies, both Thymus species showed moderate inhibition activity against BChE enzyme (Inhibition%: 57.88±1.14, 39.21±0.89, respectively). In addition, T. sipyleus showed moderate inhibition of elastase enzyme (Inhibition%: 25.33±0.79). When the results are evaluated in general, it can be said that T. canoviridis essential oil with its rich carvacrol content and high cytotoxic and antioxidant activity can be preferred as a safer and natural option instead of synthetic preservatives in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to extend shelf life and ensure food safety.Öğe AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ACE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF POLAR AND NON-POLAR EXTRACTS OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA FRUIT: STATISTICAL SCREENING THE MAIN COMPONENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR BIOACTIVITY(2024) Fındık, Bahar Tuba; Yıldız, Hilal; Birişçi, Esma; Yiğitkan, Serkan; Yılmaz, Pelin Köseoğlu; Ertaş, AbdulselamHerein, the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol contents (TPC), and phytochemical profiles of polar and non-polar extracts of dried Ziziphus jujuba fruits were investigated, along with the statistical determination of the main components responsible for ACE inhibitory activity. The non-polar extract expressed the strongest ACE inhibitory activity (99.81%) among the extracts. The non-polar extract also exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 of 30.63), linoleic acid/β-carotene bleaching capacity (89.31%), and TPC (59.47 mg GAE/g). The phenolic profiles of the extracts were identified by LC-MS/MS, and the presence of seven triterpenoid species in the extracts was examined using GC-MS techniques. The principal constituents included 19 phenolics, 2 organic acids, and 4 triterpenoids. A Pearson correlation and principal component analysis were conducted to find the correlation between individual phenolic compounds and ACE inhibitory activity.Öğe LAMIACEAE FAMİLYASINA AİT 37 TIBBİ BİTKİNİN HMG-KOA REDÜKTAZ İNHİBİTÖR AKTİVİTELERİ(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2020) Yiğitkan, Serkan; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Fırat, Mehmet; Yeşil, Yeter; Orhan, İlkay Erdoğan3-Hidroksi-3-metil-glutaril-koenzim A (HMG-KoA) redüktaz enzimi kolesterol biyosentezinde görev alan anahtar enzimdir. Dolayısıyla HMG-KoA redüktaz inhibisyonu hiperkolesterolemi tedavisi için en önemli hedeflerden biridir. Diğer yandan, yeni ilaç keşfi araştırmalarında tıbbi bitkiler ve bunlardan izole edilen moleküller önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yetişen ve daha önce bu enzime yönelik olarak üzerinde araştırma yapılmamış olan Lamiaceae familyasına ait 37 bitki taksonunun etanol ekstrelerinin in vitro HMG-KoA redüktaz enzim inhibisyon aktiviteleri ELISA mikroplak yöntemi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Taramamız sonucunda Salvia inhibitör etkili bulunan ekstreler, Salvia multicaulis Vahl. (% 61,66 ± 1,52) ve Salvia blepharochlaena Hedge & Hub.Mor. (% 55,21 ± 1,12) olarak tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Phytochemical contents of different parts of the seeded raisins from the South-East Anatolia: Enzyme inhibitory potential of pulp extracts(Wiley-V C H Verlag GMBH, 2022) Karataş, Dilek Değirmenci; Öz, Veysi; Yener, İsmail; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Erek, Figen; Aydın, Işıl; Yiğitkan, Serkan; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertaş, AbdulselamIn this study, some phytochemical properties of six seeded raisin species that are mainly cultivated in Southeastern Anatolia were investigated. Additionally, some physical and quality characteristics, phenolic contents (by LC-MS/MS; Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass/Mass Spectrometer System), anticholinesterase, and antioxidant capacities (DPPH; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging, ABTS; 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid cation-radical scavenging activity and CUPRAC; cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) of the cultivars were investigated on ground raisins. In all three methods, the antioxidant activity values of seed extracts were determined to be higher than those of leaf and pulp extracts. Remarkably, the seed extract of Banazi Siyahi showed the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS (IC50: 4.35 +/- 0.02 mu g/mL), DPPH (IC50: 10.78 +/- 0.78 mu g/mL), and CUPRAC (A0.5: 9.33 +/- 0.45 mu g/mL) methods. Additionally, the ethanol extracts of all pulp samples showed higher anticholinesterase activity against acetyl-(AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes than galantamine. According to the LC-MS/MS results, catechin (21.362 mg analyte/g extract) and epicatechin (44.667 mg analyte/g extract) found to be quite rich in Kerkus seed extract and isoquercitrin (116.873 mg analyte/g extract) and astragalin (31.915 mg analyte/g extract) detected to be quite rich in Banazi Siyahi leaf extract. Considering the mineral content of the varieties and the soil samples they grow in, all of the grape varieties analyzed in the study was found to be rich. Based on these findings, it might be suggested that Banazi Siyahi and Kerkus varieties have potential to be utilized in pharmaceutical and food industries, due to their contents of catechins, isoquercitrin and astragalin.Öğe Phytochemical fingerprints and bioactivities of ripe disseminules (Fruit-Seeds) of seventeen gundelia (Kenger-Kereng Dikeni) species from Anatolia with chemometric approach(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2021) Ertaş, Abdülselam; Fırat, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yiğitkan, Serkan; Bakır, Derya; Çakır, Cansel; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; 0000-0002-4090-7227; 0000-0002-0988-9462; 0000-0002-2193-8386; 0000-0002-6202-1515; 0000-0002-0339-635XGundelia species are known as Kenger-kereng dikeni in Anatolia, and their aerial parts are consumed as food. Also, roots and seeds (disseminules) of the Gundelia species are used to prepare gum and coffee. The chemical contents of ethanol and hexane extracts of disseminules of 17 Gundelia species, 13 of them are endemic, were studied using LC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Additionally, their antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibitory capacity against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase, urease, and tyrosinase were determined. The unsaturated fatty acid ratios of Gundelia species were higher than their saturated fatty acid ratio. The highest sum of oleic and linoleic acid was detected in G. tournefortii var. tenuisecta (70.42 %). beta-Sitosterol, alpha-amyrin, 3-acetyllupeol were identified in 17 Gundelia species by GC/MS, while chlorogenic acid and luteolin by LC/MS/MS as major compounds. The ethanol and hexane extracts of G. siirtica, G. rosea, and G. mesopotamica indicated good cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among all species, ethanol extract of G. colemerikensis exhibited the best activity in ABTS (IC50: 32.30 +/- 0.98 mu g/mL), DPPH (IC50: 59.91 +/- 0.89 mu g/mL), and CUPRAC (A(0.5): 57.41 +/- 1.03 mu g/mL) assays. Ethanol extract of G. colemerikensis also displayed the highest inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (51.14 +/- 0.25% at 200 mu g/mL), urease (51.71 +/- 1.75% at 200 mu g/mL), and tyrosinase (39.50 +/- 0.85% at 200 mu g/mL) enzymes. According to the chemometric analysis of fatty acids, four groups were observed. Therefore, it is suggested that G. colemerikensis can be used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties.Öğe The Detailed Chemical and Biological Analysis of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Species Growing in Cultural and Natural Environments(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2024) Çavuşoğlu, Mehmet; Yiğitkan, Serkan; Yener, İsmail; Çağlayan, Mehmet Veysi; Reşitoğlu, Barış; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Kaya, Eda ÇavuşThe Lamiaceae family is an important resource for the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and perfumery sectors. The species Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has been used in folk medicine since ancient times. The aim of the present study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant, cytotoxic and enzyme (AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, urease, elastase, collagenase and ACE) inhibition activities of ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of natural and cultivated samples of the species Z. clinopodioides. In addition, the aroma contents of the species were determined by GC-MS/FID, and the phytochemical composition of the ethanol extracts was determined by LC-MS/MS. According to the aroma analysis results, the major components of the culture sample of the Z. clinopodioides species were determined as pulegone (39.83%), cis-menthone (21.36%), trans-menthone (16.64%), while the major components of the natural sample were determined as pulegone (62.42%), neoisomenthol (5.93%) and cis-pulegone oxide (5.47%). According to LC-MS/MS results, quinic acid (25.841, 15.694 mg analyte g-1 extract, respectively), rosmarinic acid (6.804, 25.523), and acacetin (6.115, 10.764) were detected as major compounds in cultured and natural samples of the species. Also, hesperidin (5.725) was higher in culture sample. According to the enzyme activity results, it was determined that cultured and natural samples of the species showed moderate butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activity (inhibition %: 45.14±1.40; 43.57±0.73, respectively). In urease enzyme inhibition activity, it was determined that culture sample showed moderate activity (inhibition %: 43.64±0.39) but natural sample did not show activity, and culture sample showed high antihypertensive activity (inhibition %: 81.6±1.19). When the results were evaluated in general, it was determined that the cultured sample of the species showed higher antioxidant, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, and antihypertensive activity compared to natural sample.Öğe Ziziphora capitata L. Türünün Farklı Kısımlarının LC-MS/MS Analizi ve Biyolojik Aktiviteleri(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2024) Yiğitkan, Serkan; Çavuşoğlu, Mehmet; Çağlayan, Mehmet Veysi; Yener, İsmail; Fırat, Mehmet; Kaya, Eda Çavuş; Yılmaz, Mustafa AbdullahLamiaceae familyasının altında sınıflandırılan Ziziphora türleri güçlü aromatik özelliğe sahiptir. Halk hekimliğinde Ziziphora türleri yatıştırıcı, midevi, afrodizyak, şişkinlik ve gaz giderici olarak kullanılmıştır. Mevcut çalışmada Ziziphora capitata L. türünün çiçek, yaprak, dal, karışık ve kök kısmlarının etanol ekstrelerinin fenolik ve flavanoid içeriği LC-MS/MS cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ekstrelerin antioksidan, sitotoksik etkileri ile enzim inhibisyon aktiviteleri (antihipertansif, AchE (asetilkolinesteraz), BchE (bütirilkolinesteraz), elastaz, tirozinaz, kollajenaz ve üreaz) belirlenmiştir. LC-MS/MS sonuçlarına göre Z. capitata türünün çiçek, yaprak, dal, karışık ve kök ekstrelerinde kinik asidin (sırasıyla, 25578, 5842, 25171, 14055, 10597 µg g-1,) diğer bileşenlerden daha yüksek içeriğe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca rosmarinik asit (17097 µg g-1), sinarozit (8432) ve hesperidin (8067) bileşiklerinin majör bileşenler olduğu bulunmuştur. DPPH, ABTS ve CUPRAC yöntemlerinde türün çiçek ekstresinin güçlü antioksidan aktivitesi (sırasıyla: IC50: 37.18±1.36 µg mL-1; 9.89±0.45; A0.5:16.27±0.02) sergilediği görülmüştür. Z. capitata türünün yaprak ekstresinin HT-29 (kolon kanseri hücre hattı) üzerine (% canlılık: 9.26±0.69) güçlü sitotoksik etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bütirilkolinesteraz (BChE) enzim inhibisyon aktivitesinde türün kök kısmının (%inhibison: 40.56±0.88) diğer kısımlarından daha yüksek aktivite sergilediği görülmüştür. Z. capitata türünün etanol ekstrelerinin asetilkolinesteraz, üreaz, tirozinaz, elastaz, kollajenaz ve antihipertansif enzim aktivitesi göstermediği veya düşük aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Z. capitata türünün çiçek ekstresinin incelenen parametreler açısından daha iyi sonuçlara sahip olduğu, yaprak ekstresinin ise kolon kanseri hücre hattı üzerindeki sitotoksik etkisinden dolayı türün ilaç endüstürisinde kullanılabilmesi için in vitro ve in vivo olarak detaylı araştırmalara tabi tutulması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.Öğe ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA (HÜNNAP) MEYVESİNİN POLAR VE APOLAR EKSTRAKLARININ ACE İNHİBİTÖR AKTİVİTESİ, ANTİOKSİDAN KAPASİTESİ VE FİTOKİMYASAL BİLEŞENLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: BİYOAKTİVİTEDEN SORUMLU ANA BİLEŞENLERİN İSTATİSTİKSEL İNCELENMESİ(Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği, 2024) Fındık, Bahar; Yıldız, Hilal; Birişçi, Esma; Yiğitkan, Serkan; Yılmaz, Pelin Köseoğlu; Ertaş, AbdulselamBu çalışmada Ziziphus jujuba’nın kurutulmuş meyvelerinin polar ve apolar ekstraktlarının anjiyotensin I-dönüştürücü enzim (ACE) inhibitör aktivitesi, antioksidan kapasitesi, toplam polifenol içerikleri (TPC) ve fitokimyasal profilleri araştırılmıştır ve ACE inhibitör aktivitesinden sorumlu temel bileşenler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. En yüksek ACE inhibitör aktivitesi (%99.81) meyvenin apolar ekstraktında tespit edilmiştir. Apolar ekstrakt ayrıca en yüksek DPPH radikal süpürme aktivitesi (IC50 : 30,63), linoleik asit/ß-karoten ağartma kapasitesi (%89.31) ve TPC'yi (59.47 mg GAE/g) sergilemiştir. Ekstraktların fenolik profilleri LC-MS/MS ile tanımlanmış ve ekstraktlardaki yedi triterpenoid türünün varlığı GC-MS teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiş ve 19 fenolik, 2 organik asit ve 4 triterpenoid tanımlanmıştır. ACE inhibisyon aktivitesinden sorumlu fenolik bileşenlerin belirlenmesi amacı ile Pearson korelasyonu ve temel bileşen analizi kullanılmıştır.
