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    Determination of some agronomical characteristics and Ochratoxin-A level of Karacadag rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Diyarbakir ecological conditions, Turkey
    (Academic Journals, 2010) Aydin, A. L. P.; Yesilmen, Simten; Vural, Aydin; Guran, H. Sahan
    This study was conducted to determine yield, quality and Ochratoxin-A level of Karacadag rice local varieties grown widely in Karacadag ecological conditions of Southeast Anatolian Region and to compare with some commercial rice varieties during 2006 and 2007. In the study, total 12 rice genotypes consisting of 10 local varieties and 2 cultivars from foreign origin were used as material. Statistically the differences among the genotypes for all the characters were highly significant. The longest plants of 99.50 cm were recorded in Karacadag landrace No. 1 location with 10.47 tillers per plant, 7.82 panicles per plant and biological yields of 285.10 g plant(-1). Whereas, cv. Ribe showed 99.52 grains per panicle, cv. Baldo had 2.686 g grain yield per panicle and 5662.2 kg ha(-1) grain yield per unit area. Unbroken rice output rate of all rice landraces was higher compared to breeding cultivars. No 3 and 8 of Karacadag rice samples; which showed superior values in terms of plant height, number of tillers per plant and grain yield. It was concluded that these Karacadag rice landraces can contribute in obtaining of high yielded cultivars. That air temperature of Southeast Anatolian Region reached about 40 degrees C at booting stage lead to high spikelet sterility, but yield differences among landraces and breeding cultivars could be eliminated with great number of panicles per plant. All rice and white milled rice samples in this study were analysed in respect of Ochratoxin-A with ELISA test. It was found that ochratoxin-A level in samples from Odabasi-Cermik and Mehmediyan-Kocakoy locations were higher compared to samples taken from other locations. In general, the samples were found suitable to Turkish Food Codex and European Union (EU) regulations
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    The Effect of Progestagen on the Changes of the Vaginal Flora Arising from Intravaginal Sponge Treatment and Susceptibility of the Vaginal Flora to Antibiotics in Ewes
    (Medwell Online, 2008) Yesilmen, Simten; Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Altan, Feray
    The aim of this study, was to investigate the effect of progestagen on the changes of the vaginal bacterial flora with sponge treatment. Progestagen impregnated sponges (30 mg fluorogestone acetate). were inserted ewes (Group I, n = 12) for 12 days and, sponge without progeitagen (blank sponge), served as control groups (Group II, n = 12), were inserted ewes for 12 days during the non-breeding season. Vaginal bacterial counts were evaluated on the vaginal flora samples obtained before the introduction of the sponges, at sponge withdrawal and after 48 h from withdrawal of sponge. The mean value for the colony forming units (x 10(3) mL(-1)) were 6.1 and 4.5 on the day of intravaginal sponge insertion and increased to 113.5 and 139.8 at sponge withdrawal (p<0.05), decreased 7.9 and 43.3 after 48 h withdrawal of sponge in Group I and II, respectively (p<0.05). The changes of the vaginal bacterial flora were not different statistically at the time of sponge withdrawal in progestagen and non-progestagen sponge groups. Although, there were not differences between at the time of sponge introduction and withdrawal of sponge in 2 groups, it was found a difference after 48 h removal of sponges with progestagen and without progestagen treatments groups (P<0.05). Amoxicillin/Clavunate, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 1/19 and Tetracycline were more resistance than the other antibiotics according to results of the antibiotic susceptibility test. Intravaginal sponge treatments increased bacterial counts, but this increase returned normal values at probable estrous time in progestagen impregnated sponge treatment. Number of vaginal bacteria did not return normal values in the non-progestagen sponge treatment group after 48 h removal of sponge, because of ewes in this group naturally could not come into estrus. In this study, it was concluded that progesterone did not affect the number of bacterial counts in the vaginal flora except for changes caused by intravaginal sponge treatment.
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    Microbiological and physico-chemical quality properties of wheat varieties in Turkey
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Alp, Aydin; Vural, Aydin; Erkant, Mehmet Emin; Yesilmen, Simten
    In this study, the microbiological and physico-chemical quality properties of 27 different wheat cultivars produced in Turkey were determined. The means total aerob mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliforms, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, mould and yeast counts were found 4.5 x 10(3) cfu/g, 3.1 x 10(1) cfu/g, 3.5 x 10(1) cfu/g, 1.6 x 10(1) cfu/g, 7.1 x 10(1) cfu/g and 8.1 x 10(1) cfu/g at wheat samples, respectively. While coliform, B.cereus, S. aureus, mould and yeast rates were detected 37.04, 18.52, 22.22, 40.74 and 37.04 %, respectively; in none of the samples, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringes were not determined. Dry matter, moisture, protein and ash means in wheat samples were calculated as 92.38, 7.62, 11.30 and 1.65 %. It was seen that the quality of wheat cultivars might change regarding production, storage, climate and other regional conditions. It is thought that it would be possible to get quality and healthy product with good production and protection techniques in all stages from harvest to the last product.
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    Microbiological quality of retail chicken carcasses and their products in Turkey
    (Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2006) Vural, Aydin; Erkan, Mehmet Emin; Yesilmen, Simten
    The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 in chicken carcasses and their products (legs, wings, breast meat and giblets) and their microbiological quality. Samples were evaluated for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psycrofils, enterobacteriaceae, coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, mould and yeast, and Yersinia enterocolitica counts. Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 were isolated in 18.4%, 9.6% and 4.8% of the samples, respectively. The highest contamination levels of these bacteria were 48%, 24% and 20% in chicken breast meat, and the lowest: 8%, 0% and 0% in legs, respectively. E. coli was found in all samples and S. aureus was found in 65% of the samples. The results of the study indicate that chicken carcasses and their products may contain significant hazards to humans and are a danger to public health.
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    Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Arcobacter spp. Isolates from Meats, Meat Products, and Giblets
    (Aves, 2022) Yesilmen, Simten; Vural, Aydin; Erkan, Mehmet Emin; Yildirim, Ibrahim Halil; Guran, Husnu Sahan
    In this study, the presence and the species distribution of Arcobacter spp. were determined in ground beef, ground lamb, meatballs, chicken meat, and chicken giblet samples (470 samples in total) using the 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The presence of Arcobacter spp. was found to be 36.38% (n =171) in all samples analyzed; 23.3% (n=63) in ground beef, ground lamb, and meatball samples; 51.3% (n = 77) in chicken meat, and 62% (n -= 31) in giblet samples. Chicken wings had the highest Arcobacter spp. contamination level (72%), and the lowest contamination was found in ground lamb (20%) samples. A higher prevalence of Arcobacter spp. was found in chicken meat and giblets than in other samples, and chicken leg and chicken breast with skin had higher prevalence of Arcobacter spp. than those without skin. A. butzleri was the most isolated species in all samples. In neck, leg, breast, and wings samples, A. cryaerophilus was the second most isolated species. In addition, we assessed antibiotic resistance of the isolates found in this study using 14 different antibiotics. All A. butzleri and A. skirrowii isolates, as well as most of the A. cryaerophilus isolates (96.7%), showed resistance to cefoperazone. A. butzleri isolates were mostly susceptible to norfloxacin (61.5%), florphenicol (60.5%), and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid. A. skirrowii isolates showed susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (91.6%), norfloxacin (88.8%), and chloramphenicol (83.3%). A. cryaerophilus isolates showed susceptibility to chloramphenicol (96.7%), streptomycin (83.8%), cefoperazone (83.8%), and florphenicol (80.6%). We have identified that many food samples examined in this study were contaminated with Arcobacter species. Arcobacter contamination poses a human health concern and multiple antibiotic resistance in the isolates and this may pose a risk to public health.
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    Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Arcobacter species in cow milk, water buffalo milk and fresh village cheese
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Yesilmen, Simten; Vural, Aydin; Erkan, Mehmet Emin; Yildirim, Ibrahim Halil
    In this study, the presence of Arcobacter spp. was examined in cow milk (n = 50), water buffalo (WB) milk (n = 50) and fresh village cheese (n = 50) samples. The 165 rDNA-RFLP method was used for the identification of Arcobacter spp. The disc diffusion method was used to investigate the susceptibility of all strains identified to 18 different antimicrobial substances. The most commonly isolated Arcobacter species were found to be Arcobacter butzleri (38.89%), Arcobacter cryaerophilus (22.23%) and Arcobacter skirrowii (11.12%) in cow milk; A. cryaerophilus (33.33%), Arcobacter cibarius (20.83%) and A. butzleri (12.50%) in WB milk; and A. skirrowii (28.57%),A. butzleri (21.43%) and A. cryaerophilus (14.29%) in fresh village cheese. This is the first study to identify the presence of Arcobacter nitrofigilis, Arcobacter cloacae, Arcobacter halophilus, Arcobacter bivalviorum and A. cibarius species in analyzed samples. It was found that all of the A. cryaerophilus (n:16) isolates were resistant to cefoperazone, cloxacillin and penicillin G; all of the A. skirrowii (n:12) and A. butzleri (n:10) isolates were resistant to cefoperazone, tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, cloxacillin and penicillin G. It was concluded that cow milk, WB milk and fresh village cheese samples are an important source of Arcobacter species and pose a risk to public health. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Seroprevalance of Coxiellosis in cows, sheep, goats and humans in Diyarbakir region of Turkey
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Arserim, Neval Berrin; Yesilmen, Simten; Tel, Osman Yasar; Ozekinci, Tuncer; Keskin, Oktay; Pulat, Huseyin; Vural, Aydin
    This study aims at determining the seroprevalance of Coxiella burnetii in cows, sheep, goats and staff, working in the stock breeding sector in Diyarbakir region. Therefore, C. burnetii antibodies were investigated in sera samples of 612 sheep, 700 goats, 584 cows and 90 staff by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In the study, seropositivity was obtained as 25.4, 38.6, 20.0 and 6.6% in sheep, goats, cows and stockbreeding staff, respectively. Consequently, C. burnetii seropositivity, whether in people or in animals, had a ratio that should not be ignored in Diyarbakir region. Abort cases in ruminant should be assessed from the viewpoint of Coxiellosis. Also, people, especially those who are in risk group, should be made to be conscious of Coxiellosis infection, and measures for preventing this illness should be taken.
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    Staphylococcal Pyoderma in a Cat: A Case Report
    (Medwell Online, 2008) Icen, Hasan; Yesilmen, Simten
    In this study, we describe the historical, clinical and microbiological features, as well as treatments and clinical outcome, of pyoderma, where Staph. aerus alone was isolated on bacterial culture from lesional skin. Skin lesions in cat consisted of erythematous papules, haermorrhagic bullae, ulcers and haemorrhagic crusts confined to the dorsum. An excellent clinical response was achieved with 3 weeks of treatment with oral Clindamycin.
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    Viral and Bacterial Pathogen Isolated and Identified from Pneumonic Calves in Region of Diyarbakir and its Treatment with Tulathromycin
    (Medwell Online, 2009) Icen, Hasan; Sekin, Servet; Simsek, Aynur; Yesilmen, Simten; Isik, Nurettin
    We tested the field efficacy of a new antibiotic tulathromycin in the treatment of naturally occuring bovine respiratory disease beef calves with rectal temperatures greater than 39.5 degrees C and signs compatible bovine respiratory disease were entered into the trial. This study was performed on 30 mixed breed beef calves with bronchopneumonia, 8-10 months old. Bacteriological and serological examinations were performed in nasal swabs and blood samples collected from beef calves. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Coagulase (+) Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. were isolated from bacteriological examinations of bronchoalveolar lavage. Serum samples were tested serologically for antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Parainfluenza-3, Bovine adenovirus and Bovine viral diarrhea viruses. All samples were positive for antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Parainfluenza-3, Bovine adenovirus and Bovine viral diarrhea viruses. Calves were assigned to receive tulathromycin (2.5 mg kg(-1) bodyweight, subcutaneously). Clinical measures of efficacy included mortality, rectal temperatures, pulsation, respiratory rate, assesment of treatment succes or failure and number of relapses. Four calves relapses and needed second enjection. No significant adverse reactions were noticed with tulathromycin. After the treatment, all the calves were cured. Results indicate that Tulathromycin administration was found to be effective in the treatment of bovine respiratoy diseases (especially, in bacterial infections) of beef calves in region of Diyarbakir.
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    Viral and Bacterial Pathogen Isolated and Identified from Pneumonic Calves in Region of Diyarbakir and its Treatment with Tulathromycin
    (Medwell Online, 2009) Icen, Hasan; Sekin, Servet; Yesilmen, Simten; Isik, Nurettin; Simsek, Aynur
    We tested the field efficacy of a new antibiotic tulathromycin in the treatment of naturally occuring bovine respiratory disease beef calves with rectal temperatures >39.5 degrees C and signs compatible bovine respiratory disease were entered into the trial. This study was performed on 30 mixed-breed beef calves with bronchopneumonia, 8-10 months old. Bacteriological and serological examinations were performed in nasal swabs and blood samples collected from beef calves. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Coagulase (+) Staphylococcus and Streptococcus sp. were isolated from bacteriological examinations of bronchoalveolar lavage. Serum samples were tested serologically for antibodies to Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Parainfluenza-3, Bovine adenovirus and Bovine viral diarrhea viruses. All samples were positive for antibodies to Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Parainfluenza-3, Bovine adenovirus and Bovine viral diarrhea viruses. Calves were assigned to receive tulathromycin (2.5 mg kg(-1) bodyweight, subcutaneously). Clinical measures of efficacy included mortality, rectal temperatures, pulsation, respiratory rate, assesment of treatment succes or failure and number of relapses. Four calves relapses and needed second enjection. No significant adverse reactions were noticed with tulathromycin. After the treatment, all the calves were cured. Results indicate that tulathromycin administration was found to be effective in the treatment of bovine respiratoy diseases (especially in bacterial infections) of beef calves in region of Diyarbakir.