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    Coexistence of tuberculosis and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the thyroid gland: Case report and literature review
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Akbulut, Sami; Demyati, Khaled; Yavuz, Ridvan; Sogutcu, Nilgun; Samdanci, Emine Turkmen; Yagmur, Yusuf
    Introduction: Primary thyroid tuberculosis (TB) is rare even in countries where TB disease is endemic, with the prevalence ranging from 0.1 to 1.15%. Primary thyroid lymphoma is uncommon, and the majority of lymphomas arising in the thyroid gland are non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-cell origin, of which about 25% is extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MALToma). Case presentation: An 86 -year-old Turkish female patient with thyroid nodules and cervical lymphadenopathies presented with large multinodular goiter and compressive symptoms. Total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection were performed. The revised histological and immunohistochemical revealed the coexistence of thyroid TB and MALToma. The patient received an anti-TB treatment for six months before a revised histopathological examination. About seven months after anti-TB treatment, the patient died due to an unknown cause. Clinical discussion: Although six cases of thyroid TB and papillary thyroid cancer have been documented in the medical literature, no cases of TB and MALToma coexistence have been published so far, to our knowledge. Another essential feature of this study is that the initial pathological examination was reported as thyroid TB. A subsequent re-examination revealed that the patient had both TB and MALT lymphoma. Conclusion: We discuss this rare association and the dilemma encountered in the diagnosis and management of this patient with a review of the literature.
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    Ectopic Bone Formation and Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in the Thyroid Gland: Report of a Case and Literature Review
    (Int College Of Surgeons, 2011) Akbulut, Sami; Yavuz, Ridvan; Akansu, Bulent; Sogutcu, Nilgun; Arikanoglu, Zulfu; Basbug, Murat
    This purpose of this article is to document ectopic bone formation (EBF) and extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in thyroidectomy specimens. We present a case of multinodular goiter with EMH and EBF, as well as a literature review of studies published in the English language on EMH and/or bone formation in the thyroid gland, accessed through PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Thirteen published cases of EMH and/or EBF in the thyroid gland were evaluated, and a case of multinodular goiter with histopathologically proven EMH and EBF in a 54-year-old woman is herein presented. In the reviewed literature, 12 patients were women, and 1 was a man (age range, 28-82 years; median, 56.46 +/- 18 years). EMH was histopathologically detected in 8 patients, EMH and EBF were detected in 4 patients, and only bone formation was detected in 1 patient Although a solitary nodule was detected in 7 patients, multinodular goiter was detected in 6 patients. Fine needle aspiration cytology was used in the preoperative period to arrive at a diagnosis in 6 of the 13 patients, but it was not possible to obtain proper biopsy material in the remaining patients. Although no previously known hematologic disease was detected in 11 patients, 2 were known to have myelofibrosis in the preoperative period. When EMH is pathologically detected in the thyroid, the question of whether there is an underlying hematologic disease in the patient must be investigated. In addition, it must be kept in mind during fine needle aspiration cytology and frozen section examinations that EMH may be among the differential diagnoses for anaplastic thyroid cancers.
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    Hydatid cyst of the pancreas: Report of an undiagnosed case of pancreatic hydatid cyst and brief literature review
    (Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 2014) Akbulut, Sami; Yavuz, Ridvan; Sogutcu, Nilgun; Kaya, Bulent; Hatipoglu, Sinan; Senol, Ayhan; Demircan, Firat
    AIM: To overview the literature on pancreatic hydatid cyst (PHC) disease, a disease frequently misdiagnosed during preoperative radiologic investigation. METHODS: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Google databases were searched to identify articles related to PHC using the following keywords: hydatid cyst, hydatid disease, unusual location of hydatid cyst, hydatid cyst and pancreas, pancreatic hydatid cyst, and pancreatic echinococcosis. The search included letters to the editor, case reports, review articles, original articles, meeting presentations and abstracts that had been published between January 2010 and April 2014 without any restrictions on language, journal, or country. All articles identified and retrieved which contained adequate information on the study population (including patient age and sex) and disease and treatment related data (such as cyst size, cyst location, and clinical management) were included in the study; articles with insufficient demographic and clinical data were excluded. In addition, we evaluated a case of a 48-year-old female patient with PHC who was treated in our clinic. RESULTS: A total of 58 patients, including our one new case, (age range: 4 to 70 years, mean +/- SD: 31.4 +/- 15.9 years) were included in the analysis. Twenty-nine of the patients were female, and 29 were male. The information about cyst location was available from studies involving 54 patients and indicated the following distribution of locations: pancreatic head (n = 21), pancreatic tail (n = 18), pancreatic body and tail (n = 8), pancreatic body (n = 5), pancreatic head and body (n = 1), and pancreatic neck (n = 1). Extra-pancreatic locations of hydatid cysts were reported in the studies involving 44 of the patients. Among these, no other focus than pancreas was detected in 32 of the patients (isolated cases) while 12 of the patients had hydatid cysts in extra-pancreatic sites (liver: n = 6, liver + spleen + peritoneum: n = 2, kidney: n = 1, liver + kidney: n = 1, kidney + peritoneum: n = 1 and liver + lung: n = 1). Serological information was available in the studies involving 40 patients, and 21 of those patients were serologically positive and 15 were serologically negative; the remaining 4 patients underwent no serological testing. Information about pancreatic cyst size was available in the studies involving 42 patients; the smallest cyst diameter reported was 26 mm and the largest cyst diameter reported was 180 mm (mean +/- SD: 71.3 +/- 36.1 mm). Complications were available in the studies of 16 patients and showed the following distribution: cystobiliary fistula (n = 4), cystopancreatic fistula (n = 4), pancreatitis (n = 6), and portal hypertension (n = 2). Postoperative follow-up data were available in the studies involving 48 patients and postoperative recurrence data in the studies of 51 patients; no cases of recurrence occurred in any patient for an average follow-up duration of 22.5 +/- 23.1 (range: 2-120) mo. Only two cases were reported as having died on fourth (our new case) and fifteenth days respectively. CONCLUSION: PHC is a parasitic infestation that is rare but can cause serious pancreato-biliary complications. Its preoperative diagnosis is challenging, as its radiologic findings are often mistaken for other cystic lesions of the pancreas. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.