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    Chemical Content by LC-MS/MS, Antiglaucoma, and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Samples From Different Regions of Türkiye
    (Wiley, 2024) Izol, Ebubekir; Bursal, Ercan; Yapici, Ismail; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yilmaz, Isa; Gulcin, Ilhami
    Propolis is a sticky substance produced by bees because of the reaction of beeswax, pollen, and bee enzymes. Particularly, their biological activity and chemical content attract attention. Thus, in this study, the total amount of phenolic and flavonoid substances, Fe3+-Fe2+, Cu2+ (cupric ions reducing activity [CUPRAC]), and Fe3+-TPTZ (ferric ions reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) reducing, and DPPH center dot and ABTS center dot+ scavenging assays in vitro antioxidant properties of propolis samples obtained from four different provinces of T & uuml;rkiye were determined. In addition, the chemical content of propolis samples was quantitatively determined by LC-MS/MS, and the antiglaucoma property was revealed by hCAII enzyme inhibition. Propolis samples from Ordu presented the highest amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid content (492.3 +/- 5.8 and 96.1 +/- 2.1, respectively) and also highest antioxidant activity (DPPH center dot and ABTS center dot+ IC50 [mu g/mL]: 8.884 +/- 0.84 and 4.589 +/- 0.80, respectively; Fe+3, CUPRAC, and FRAP: 1.051 +/- 0.012, 1.021 +/- 0.008, and 0.957 +/- 0.007 mu g/mL, respectively). hCAII enzyme inhibition was highest in Mu & scedil; propolis (IC50 [mu g/mL]: 8.6) as determined. By LC-MS/MS, 53 different components were screened and 35 bioactive components were determined. According to the results, propolis was found to be a raw material because it contains high concentrations of acacetin, chrysin, caffeic acid, and quinic acid (123.824, 24.759, 47.779, and 16.32 mg analyte/g extract, respectively).