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    Nosocomial infections in a district hospital in Turkey.
    (Allied Acad, 2015) Ozer, Turkan Toka; Deveci, Ozcan; Yula, Erkan; Tekin, Alicem; Yanik, Keramettin; Durmaz, Suleyman
    Nosocomial infections are significantly important health problems for both hospitals and patients. No data are available on nosocomial infections in South-East Anatolian region of Turkey region. This study was performed to determine the nosocomial infection rate and type in Kiziltepe State Hospital, Mardin within one year. The surveillance data of nosocomial infections in Kiziltepe State Hospital between January 1st and December 31th, 2010, was evaluated retrospectively. The epidemiological data was collected by laboratory and hospital-based active surveillance method between January and December 2010. 10,410 patients were hospitalized during this period. 27 (0.26%) hospital-acquired infections were detected. Incidence density was calculated to be 1.46. The highest rate of hospital infections (0.50%) was seen in the intensive care unit. The highest rate of infection was observed in the Thoracic Surgery Clinic (4.1%). In total, 55.5% of detected hospital-acquired infections were surgical site infections, 25.9% urinary tract infections and 11.1% were pneumonia. The frequency of nosocomial infections was found to be low in this hospital compared to other hospital infection rates reports from Turkey. The low infection rate was related with rapid patient circulation. The rate of nosocomial infection is high in intensive care unit patients, especially for surgical site infections. The results provide epidemiological information that will help to implement infection control policies in this hospital.
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    Panton-Valentine leukocidin in community and hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus strains
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Ozekinci, Tuncer; Dal, Tuba; Yanik, Keramettin; Ozcan, Nida; Can, Sukran; Tekin, Alicem; Yildirim, Halil Ibrahim
    Staphylococcus aureus causes serious hospital-acquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA) infections. Skin and soft-tissue infections especially are sometimes caused by strains harbouring Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). PVL belongs to a family of bi-component leukocidal toxins produced by staphylococci. It is a pore-forming toxin encoded by lukF-PV and lukS-PV. A total of 70 S. aureus strains: 38 (54%) methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and 32 (46%) methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), were isolated from patients admitted to Dicle University Hospital (Turkey). Identification of S. aureus and antibiotics-susceptibility testing were performed with PHOENIX 100. PVL genes and mecA genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 70 studied strains, 36 ones (51%) were community acquired and 34 ones (49%) were hospital acquired . A total of 38 (54%) strains were positive for mecA (mecA(+)), of which 32 ones (84%) were HA. Of the mecA(-) strains, 30 (94%) were CA. Of the 70 studied strains, 12 (17%) strains were PVL+: 8 (22%) of the 36 CA strains and 4 (12%) of the 34 HA strains. Of the 12 PVL+ strains, 4 strains were mecA(+). The PVL positivity rate was 25% in MSSA, whereas 10.5% in MRSA. Of the overall PVL+ strains, seven strains were obtained from wounds; four ones from skin abscess; and one from blood culture. Taken together, the obtained results showed a substantial level of PVL genes in the studied region. Although PVL is known as a common virulence factor of CA MRSA, HA MRSA isolates in our study showed a considerable rate of PVL positivity.