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Öğe The effect of drip line spacing, irrigation regimes and planting geometries of tomato on yield, irrigation water use efficiency and net return(Elsevier, 2008) Cetin, Oener; Uygan, DemetThis study was conducted in order to determine the effect of drip line spacing, irrigation regimes and planting geometries of tomato on yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and net return. The experiments were carried out in the conditions of Eskisehir in Central Anatolian part of Turkey, between 2003 and 2005, with cv. Dual Large F1 tomatoes (Lycopercion esculentum Q. The maximum yield of 121.1 t ha(-1) was obtained from the treatment in which both the lateral and row spacing were 1 m, and irrigated with water amount based on the percentage of canopy cover. The seasonal irrigation water amount of the treatment was 551 mm. Tomatoes yield of 109.9 t ha(-1) was obtained under conditions of 491 mm seasonal irrigation water applied for the 2-m lateral spacing in which two plant rows (twin rows) were planted 0.35 In on either side of the lateral with a row spacing of 0.70 m across the drip lateral and 1.30 m in the interrow between each set of twin rows. Although water saving of 60 mm and investments economy of 40% were provided from the twin-row design, the yearly return of the design including one lateral for each row was US$ 1590 ha(-1) higher than that the return of the twin-row design. The method of determination of irrigation water amount based on the percentage of canopy cover appeared to be the most reasonable and effective one in terms of the yield and IWUE. On the other hand, the maximum irrigation water use efficiency (22.3 kg m(3)) was obtained from 2-m lateral spacing and the percentage of canopy cover for calculation of the amount of irrigation water applied. Thus, canopy cover may be used successfully at any lateral design conditions. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Eskişehir ve Sakarya İlleri'nde Kurulu Bazı Damla Sulama Sistemlerinde Performans Göstergelerinin Değerlendirilmesi Damla sulama sistemlerinde performans göstergeleri(2015) Uygan, Demet; Çetin, ÖnerBu çalışma, 2007-2009 yılları arasında, Eskişehir ve Sakarya yöresinde damla sulama sisteminin kullanıldığı ve farklı bitkilerin yetiştirildiği 13 işletmede yer alan damla sulama sistemlerinde yapılmıştır. Damla sulama sistemlerinde, damlatıcı su dağılım üniformitesi (EU), %80-99, alt çeyrek gerçek uygulama randımanı (AELQ) %74-95, alt çeyrekte potansiyel uygulama randımanı (PELQ), %66-86, sistem su uygulama randımanı (Ea) %56-96 ve basınç değişimi (P) %22-75, damlatıcılardaki debi değişimi ise %3- 49 arasında değişmiştir. Buna göre; sistemlerin su uygulamalarında önemli sorunlarının olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sistemlerde, özellikle debi ve basınç değişimleri kabul edilebilir sınırlar dışında gerçekleşmiştir. Düşük gerçekleşen sistem randımanları, damlatıcıların tıkanması ve diğer işletim yetersizlikleri ilişkili olabilir. İşletmelerin çoğunda kum-çakıl filtre sistemleri bulunmamaktadır. Sulama alanlarında gerekli işletme birimleri, lateral, manifold ve ana boru çapları, kontrol birimi unsurları ve pompa birimi unsurlarının toprak ve bitki koşulları gözönüne alınmaksızın tasarlandığı ve uygulandığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, çiftçilerin damla sulama sistemi ve kullanımı konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları da gözlenmiştir. Çiftçilerin damla sulama uygulaması konusunda eğitim almaları mutlaka gereklidir.Öğe Improvement of water saving and economic productivity based on quotation with sugar content of sugar beet using linear move sprinkler irrigation(Elsevier, 2021) Uygan, Demet; Çetin, Öner; Alveroğlu, Volkan; Sofuoğlu, AytuğThis study was aimed to improve water saving and economic productivity based on quotation with sugar percentage of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) using linear move sprinkler system (LMSS). The experiments were carried out in Western Central Anatolia Region of Turkey during the growing seasons of 2012-2014 for 3 years. The irrigation treatments were applied as I1: full irrigation, I2: I1 x 0.80, I3: I1 x 0.60, I4:I1 x 0.40 and I5: I1 x 0.20 using 4 replications and systematically arranged due to the feature of LMSS. The I1 was based on deficit soil moisture in the soil depth of 90 cm according to the field capacity for each 7 days. Different regulated deficit irrigation levels were, thus, created for each irrigation cycle based on I1. The seasonal yield-response factor (Ky) was 0.50. The main reason of the lower of the Ky could be because of frequent irrigation and climatic characteristics. Full irrigation (842 mm) resulted in the highest sugar beet yield (77.8 t ha- 1) but did not provide the highest net margin. The main reason for this was that the sugar content of sugar beet decreased with increasing irrigation water, and the sugar beet sales price was determined according to the sugar content. This also enabled the lower amount of irrigation water (687 mm) of 20% lower than full irrigation (842 mm). Irrigation water, yield, sugar content and net margin were, thus, 687 mm, 73.5 t ha- 1, 16.5% and 1221 US $ ha- 1, respectively. Sugar beet could be irrigated using LMSS in high profitability in irrigation interval of 7-10 days and applying water of 45-65 mm for each irrigation cycle. An appropriate net margin (1074 US $ ha- 1) could be obtained using irrigation water less than 40% of full irrigation in case of limited water because net income was still more than about 40% of total cost. The quotation of the sugar beet sales price according to the sugar content and the increase in the sugar content in the lower irrigation showed that significant water savings can be practiced in irrigation water without much loss of income.Öğe MAPPING BORON POLLUTION USING GIS FOR BORON-AFFECTED SOILS IN WESTERN TURKEY(Carpathian Assoc Environment and Earth Sciences, 2012) Uygan, Demet; Cetin, OnerThis study was aimed to assess status of boron pollution, identification of agricultural soils at risk in Seydisuyu Watershed of Western Turkey, which has rich B deposits. The maps of borom pollution for the soils were produced using GIS. Boron concentrations in the irrigated soils varied widely, from 0.08 to 3.40 mg kg(-1) depending on the sampled fields and soil depths. The highest boron concentration was found in the top layer of soil (0-30 cm) for all sampled fields. This revealed that the top layer of soil was most affected by accumulation of boron. However, there is no excessive boron pollution especially in terms of crops. Thus, decision makers, irrigators and farmers could be used these boron pollution maps for appropriate irrigation and soil management.Öğe Tomato irrigation scheduling improved by using percent canopy cover and crop developmental stage(Csiro Publishing, 2008) Cetin, Oner; Uygan, Demet; Boyaci, HasanThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether it is possible to conserve water and improve yield using canopy cover in order to adjust the amount of water needed for drip-irrigated tomatoes. The experiments were carried out using field-grown tomatoes (Lycopercion esculentum cv. Dual Large, F1) in Central Anatolia, Turkey from 2003 to 2005. The experimental design used split-plots in randomised blocks with 3 replications. The main plots in this study were: I-1, constant Class A pan evaporation (Ep) (i.e. K = 1.0) throughout the irrigation season; I-2, varying Ep proportion according to crop development stage (i.e. planting time to. owering stage 0.50; flowering stage to first harvesting 1.0; and first harvest to last harvest 0.75. In subplots, wetted area percentages or canopy cover were used. In K-1, the wetted area percentage measured 90% of the experimental site. In K-2, the wetted area percentage varied depending on the canopy cover. In K-3, the percentage of wetted area was set to a value of 65% throughout the irrigation season. The maximum yield of 134.8 t/ha was obtained with the I2K2 treatment, with a seasonal irrigation requirement of 515 mm. A tomato yield of 122.8 t/ha was obtained under conditions of 552 mm seasonal irrigation water applied using the I1K2 treatment. Although 37mm less water was used in the I2K2 treatment, the yield obtained from that treatment was higher by 12.0 t/ha than the I1K2 treatment. In addition, the yield with all other treatments was lower than the I2K2 treatment. Similarly, the maximum irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) of 26.2 kg/m(3) was obtained with the I2K2 treatment. Thus, use of different coefficients of Ep varying with crop growth stages and percentage of canopy cover to estimate irrigation water requirement (i.e. irrigation scheduling) maximised the yield of tomatoes and improved the IWUE.
