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    Pistacia terebintus L. Seed Oil: A New Possible Source of Biodiesel
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2014) Baysal, Z.; Uyar, F.; Saydut, A.; Kaya, C.; Kafadar, A. B.; Hamamci, C.
    Pistacia terebintus, a member of the family Anacardiaceae, is a perennial plant that widely grows in the southern and western regions of Anatolia. Pistacia terebintus L. seeds contain 66% oil, which allows the possibility of economical exploitation. The main monounsaturated fatty acid is oleic (55-75% w/w), polyunsaturated linoleic (15-38% w/w), while the main saturated fatty acid is palmitic (8-20% w/w). Pistacia terebintus L. seed oil was investigated as an alternative feedstock for the production of a biodiesel fuel. Three commonly used catalysts for alkaline-catalyzed transesterification, i.e., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and sodium methoxide, were evaluated using conventional heating with Pistacia terebintus L. oil. High biodiesel yield (97.8%) was obtained by using sodium methoxide, because they only contain the hydroxide group, necessary for saponification, as a low proportion impurity. The methyl ester has relatively closer fuel properties to diesel than that of raw seed oil. Plant improvement programs could make Pistacia terebintus L. a viable alternative for biodiesel production.
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    Production and Optimization Parameters of Amylases from Bacillus subtilis RSKK96 Under Solid State Fermentation
    (Croatian Soc Chemical Engineering Technology, 2012) Akcan, N.; Serin, B.; Uyar, F.
    The production of extracellular a-amylase by producing Bacillus subtilis RSKK96 was studied under solid state fermentation (SSF). Various agroresidues as substrate were studied for enzyme production. The highest enzyme yield was expressed with cotton stalk substrate (1016.3 +/- 32.6 U g(-1) . 10(-3)). Production parameters were optimized as incubation time 72 hours, incubation temperature 37 degrees C, agitation speed 150 rpm, inoculum size 35 %, initial moisture content 30 %, initial pH 7.0. Supplementation of the fermentation medium with carbon and metal salt sources decreased the enzyme production. Among different nitrogen sources supplemented, ammonium nitrate (1 %) showed maximum enzyme production (1483.1 +/- 32.5 U g(-1) . 10(-3)). Enzyme activity was observed as 73 % at 100 degrees C.