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    Content analysis, nanoparticle forming potential and acaricidal effects on Tick (Hyalomma marginatum) of essential oils from two common Thymbra species
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kaya, Eda Cavus; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Ugurlu, Pelin; Yener, Ismail; Firat, Mehmet; Ertas, Abdulselam
    In this study, the fatty acid, essential oil and aroma composition of Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Aznav. subsp. sintenisii Bornm. & Aznav (TSS) and Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Azn. subsp. isaurica P.H.Davis (TSI) were determined by GC-MS. The cytotoxic activity was determined with MTT assay and antioxidant activities were determined with DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC methods. Urease, acetyl, butyryl, angiotensin, alpha-amylase, tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzyme inhibition activities of these species were also determined. The acaricidal effects of essential oils from aerial parts of TSS and TSI on ticks and the nanoparticle formation potential of their essential oils with AgNO3 were determined and compared. The main components of TSS essential oil and aroma were determined as carvacrol and o-cemen (66.78 and 35.44%, respectively), the major components of TSI essential oil and aroma were carvacrol and gamma-terpinene (63.78 and 31.44%, respectively). The species exhibited remarkably high antioxidant activity, particularly in the ABTS and CUPRAC methods. It was also determined that the butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activities (Inhibition%: 76.12 +/- 0.83 and 74.13 +/- 0.33, respectively) of the species were quite high. Moderate antimicrobial activity against the bacteria was observed for both essential oils, with MIC values ranging from 312 to 1250 mu g/mL. Moreover, essential oils of these species showed good acaricidal activity on Hyalomma marginatum (LC50: 11.82 mu g/mL for TSS; LC50: 57.64 mu g/mL for TSI). The high antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and acaracidal activities observed in both species are attributed to the presence of carvacrol in their essential oils. The species have potential to be used in food supplements-preservatives, pharmaceutical industry.
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    Cytological and histological effects of pesticide chlorpyriphos in the gills of Anabas testudineus
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Velmurugan, Babu; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Yolcu, Murat; Ugurlu, Pelin; Selvanayagam, Mariadoss
    The present study was aimed to report the toxicity of the chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus insecticide, with regard to histological and cytological effects through light and transmission electron microscopes in the gills of freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus. The fish were exposed to 0.125 (5% of 96 h LC50), 0.250 (10% of 96 h LC50), and 0.375 mgL(-1) (15% of 96 h LC50) of chlorpyrifos for 7, 14, and 21 days for light microscopy and 21 days for transmission electron microscopy. The histological effects were seen in all exposed concentrations of 0.125, 0.250, and 0.375 mgL(-1). These effects increased with the increase in chlorpyrifos concentrations and duration of exposure. The main histological effects visible in the gill tissue were fusion of secondary lamellae and epithelial hyperplasia. Other effects included the epithelial hypertrophy, lifting of lamellar epithelium, aneurysm, necrosis, and desquamation of epithelial cells were also reported. Cytological effects included epithelial detachment, large subepithelial space, necrotic cells, apoptotic remnant of cells, the presence of macrophages, swelling of mitochondria in the chloride cells, distension of the tubular system, the presence of some large vacuoles, deposition of excessive mucous, and nucleus abnormalities. This study confirms that varying doses of chlorpyrifos have adverse histological and cytological effects in the gills of A. testudineus.
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    Determination of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Barbus Grypus (Heckel, 1843) from Batman Dam, Turkey
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2017) Kacar, Emel; Akin, Hulya Karadede; Ugurlu, Pelin
    The present study was carried out to determine concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in liver, gill and muscle of Barbus grypus, which has a great economic value, in Batman Dam (Turkey). Heavy metal concentration levels in fish were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metal concentrations in the liver and gill of Barbus grypus were found to be higher comparing to those in the muscle. Metal concentrations in the fish tissues vary significantly (P<0.05). Concentrations of the metals were different in the various organs, the highest concentrations of Mn (4.414-6.101 mg kg(-1)), Fe (111.333-69.088 mg kg(-1)), Cu (5.201-0.437 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (14.883-16.555 mg kg(-1)) were found in liver and gill, while Cr (0.132 mg kg(-1)) was the only metal that is higher in muscle tissue. Heavy metal concentrations in the muscle of the fish should not exceed the acceptable levels proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization and Turkish legislation for food sources for human consumption. Therefore, the metal levels in such environments, should be monitored periodically to avoid excessive intake of heavy metals consumed by public.
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    Effects of endosulfan, thiamethoxam, and indoxacarb in combination with atrazine on multi-biomarkers in Gammarus kischineffensis
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2018) Demirci, Ozlem; Guven, Kemal; Asma, Dilek; Ogut, Serdal; Ugurlu, Pelin
    Studies addressing the toxicity of pesticides towards non-target organisms focus on the median lethal concentration and biochemical response of individual pesticides. However, when determining environmental risks, it is important to test the combined effects of pesticides, such as insecticides and herbicides, which are frequently used together in agricultural areas. Here we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of the combined use of the herbicide atrazine and the insecticides, endosulfan, indoxacarb, and thiamethoxam on Gammarus kischineffensis. To do this, we tested the activities of oxidative stress, detoxification, and neurotoxicity biomarkers. Compared to atrazine alone, we detected higher glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities (oxidative stress biomarkers) when atrazine was combined with either endosulfan or indoxacarb. However, higher IBR values were determined in organisms where pesticide mixtures were used according to individual use. Based on these results, mixtures of atrazine and other pesticides may cause synergistic effects and may be evidence of increased toxicity and oxidative stress.
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    The histopathological, cytopathological and ultrastructural effects of carbaryl on gills of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
    (Elsevier, 2019) Ugurlu, Pelin; Satar, Elif Ipek; Cicek, Tarik
    Ultrastructural and histopathological reponses in the organs of living organisms are important and useful tools to determine the health condition and the effects of pollutants, such as pesticides, on the organisms. The aim of this study is to determine possible histopathological, cytopathological and ultrastructural alterations in gills of Oreochromis niloticus individuals exposed to 850 mu g/L carbaryl standart at 7th, 14th and 21st days with light and electron microscopes. The fish were exposed to carbaryl for 21 days and the histopatological, ultrastructural and cytopathological alterations occuring in the gill tissues of organisms were determined by light, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopes (SEM and TEM). At the end of the study, it was observed that carbaryl caused both histopathological and cytopathological changes in the gills of O. niloticus. It has been determined that the most of the pathological changes in the exposed organisms are the metabolic defence reactions.
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    The protective role of vitamin E on gill and liver tissue histopathology and micronucleus frequencies in peripheral erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to deltamethrin
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Kan, Yeter; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Ugurlu, Pelin; Yanar, Mahmut
    Deltamethrin, is a commonly used pyrethroid pesticide. Vitamin E is a antioxidant that plays an important role in protecting cells against toxicity by inactivating free radicals generated following pesticides exposure. Therefore, it was evaluated whether deltamethrin induced histopathological changes and nuclear abnormalities using micronucleus test in Oreochromis niloticus, and the possible protective effect of vitamin E against deltamethrin inducing adverse effects in O. niloticus were investigated. Fish was fed with no pesticide + control diet, no pesticide + vitamin E-supplemented diet, 1.45 mu g/l deltamethrin + control diet, 1.45 mu g/l deltamethrin + vitamin E-supplemented diet for 30 days. Pesticide and diet quality made an impact on histopathological lesions. In treatments of deltamethrin, group fed with control diet showed much greater damage in comparison with group fed with vitamin E supplemented diet. Vitamin E decreased some histopathological changes induced by deltamethrin, but did not confer complete protection. Deltamethrin treatment has been shown to results in a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleus. However, coadministration of deltamethrin and vitamin E showed decrease in the frequency of micronucleus as compared to deltamethrin treated fish. Our results indicate that, the MN assay and histopathology can be used as bioassays for monitoring pollution in aquatic medium. On the other hand, it was observed that vitamin E decreased the genotoxicity and histopathological changes induced by deltamethrin. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Scanning electron microscopy study of the gills, scales and erythrocytes of Anabas testudineus upon exposure to chlorpyrifos
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Velmurugan, Babu; Selvanayagam, Mariadoss; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Ugurlu, Pelin
    The present study was undertaken to assess the toxicity of sublethal concentrations (125, 250, and 375 mu g L-1) of chlorpyrifos on Anabas testudineus for 21 days. The morphological changes on the gills, scales, and erythrocytes of A. testudineus were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gill alterations included highly active mucous cells, epithelial hyperplasia, and fusion of secondary lamellae. The scales showed damaged lepidonts. Oozed out cytoplasmic content and lobopodial projections were observed in the erythrocytes after exposure to chlorpyrifos.
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    The toxicological effects of thiamethoxam on Gammarus kischineffensis (Schellenberg 1937) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Ugurlu, Pelin; Unlu, Erhan; Satar, Elif Ipek
    Neonicotinoids are a new group of insecticides, and little is known about their toxicity to nontarget freshwater organisms an potential effects on freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study is to establish the acute toxicity and histopathological effects of thiamethoxam-based pesticide on the gill tissue of Gammarus kischineffensis. In this study G. kischineffensis samples were exposed to 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 mg/l of commercial grade thiamethoxam for 96 h. The 24, 48, 72 and 96h LC50 values were determined as 75.619, 23.505, 8.048 and 3.751 mg/l respectively. In histopathological study the individuals were exposed to 0.004, 0.04 and 0.4 mg/l thiamethoxam concentrations for 14 days. The results showed that the most common changes at all doses of thiamethoxam were vacuolization and hemostatic infiltration in the gill tissue of G. kischineffensis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.