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    Changes in mandibular transversal arch dimensions after rapid maxillary expansion procedure assessed through cone-beam computed tomography
    (Korean Assoc Orthodontists, 2011) Baysal, Asli; Veli, Ilknur; Ucar, Faruk Izzet; Eruz, Murat; Ozer, Torun; Uysal, Tancan
    Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the changes in mandibular arch widths and buccolingual inclinations of mandibular posterior teeth after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Methods: Baseline and post-expansion cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of patients who initially had bilateral posterior cross-bite and underwent RME with a banded-type expander were assessed in this study. The patients included 9 boys (mean age: 13.97 +/- 1.17 years) and 11 girls (mean age: 13.53 +/- 2.12 years). Images obtained 6 months after retention were available for 10 of these patients. Eighteen angular and 43 linear measurements were performed for the maxilla and mandible. The measurements were performed on frontally clipped images at the following time points; before expansion (T1), after expansion (T2), and after retention (T3). Statistical significance was assessed with paired sample t-test at p < 0.05. Results: T1-T2 comparisons showed statistically significant post-RME increases for all measurements; similarly, T2-T1 and T3-T1 comparisons showed statistically significant changes. The maxillary linear and angular measurements showed decreases after expansion, and mandibular linear and angular measurements increased after retention. Conclusion: All mandibular arch widths increased and mandibular posterior teeth were uprighted after RME procedure. (Korean J Orthod 2011;41(3)200-210)
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    Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of mandibular asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients
    (Korean Assoc Orthodontists, 2011) Veli, Ilknur; Uysal, Tancan; Ucar, Faruk Izzet; Eruz, Murat; Ozer, Torun
    Objective: To determine whether there is any difference between the cleft and non-cleft sides of the mandible in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients, or the right and left sides in control patients; and to determine if there is any difference between the mandibular asymmetry of UCLP patients and that of control patients. Methods: We examined cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 15 patients with UCLP and 15 age- and gender-matched control patients. We evaluated 8 linear, 3 surface, and 3 volumetric measurements and compared the cleft/non-cleft sides of UCLP patients and the right/left sides of controls. Results: There were no statistically significant gender differences in any linear, surface, or volumetric measurement. The single significant side-to-side difference in UCLP patients was a longer coronoid unit on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side (p = 0.046). Body volume was significantly lower in the UCLP group than in the control group (p = 0.008). Conclusions: In general, UCLP patients have symmetrical mandibles, although the coronoid unit length is significantly longer on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side. UCLP patients and controls differed only in body volume. (Korean J Orthod 2011;41(6): 431-439)
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    Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of relationship between tongue volume and lower incisor irregularity
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2013) Uysal, Tancan; Yagci, Ahmet; Ucar, Faruk Izzet; Veli, Ilknur; Ozer, Torun
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the tongue volume and lower incisor irregularity, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to identify the possible gender differences. CBCT images of 60 patients between 16 and 36 years of age were selected from 1400 sets of images in the database. Tomography was carried out using iCAT (R) (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, USA) and segmentation was carried out by using Mimics 10.1 software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). The tongue volume was calculated by using the volume of the voxels from the scan and the number of voxels selected for a given mask. Lower incisor crowding was measured with the Little's irregularity index and divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. Independent samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey test were used at P < 0.05 level. Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression model were calculated to determine the correlation between tongue volume and incisor irregularity. No significant gender dimorphism was found for the tongue volume (females: 28.13 +/- 8.54 cm(3) and males: 31.02 +/- 9.75 cm(3)). According to ANOVA, there was statistically significant difference in the tongue volume measurements among subjects with different levels of irregularity. Tukey analysis indicated that mild irregularity group (33.97 cm(3)) showed higher values for tongue volume than severe irregularity group (26.60 cm(3); P = 0.025). The relationship between incisor irregularity and tongue volume was evaluated for both genders and significant inverse correlation (r = -0.429; P = 0.029) was determined between lower incisor irregularity and tongue volume in males. In female group, no signifi cant correlation was determined between tongue volume and incisor irregularity.
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    Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with different vertical growth patterns assessed with cone-beam computed tomography
    (E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2012) Enhos, Sukru; Uysal, Tancan; Yagci, Ahmet; Veli, Ilknur; Ucar, Faruk Izzet; Ozer, Torun
    Objective: To test the null hypothesis that the presence of alveolar defects (dehiscence and fenestration) was not different among patients with different vertical growth patterns. Materials and Methods: A total of 1872 teeth in 26 hyper-divergent (mean age: 24.4 +/- 4.8 years), 27 hypo-divergent (mean age: 25.1 +/- 4.5 years), and 25 normo-divergent (mean age: 23.6 +/- 4.1 years) patients with no previous orthodontic treatment were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography. Axial and cross-sectional views were evaluated with regard to whether dehiscence and/or fenestration on buccal and lingual surfaces existed or not. For statistical analysis, the Pearson chi-square test was used at a P < .05 significance level. Results: According to the statistical analysis, the hypo-divergent group (6.56%) had lower dehiscence prevalence than the hyper-divergent (8.35%) and normo-divergent (8.18%) groups (P = .004). Higher prevalences of dehiscence and fenestration were found on buccal sides in all vertical growth patterns. While fenestration was a common finding for the maxillary alveolar region, dehiscence was a common finding in the mandible in all groups. Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected. Although the prevalence of fenestrations was not different, significant differences for dehiscences were found in patients with different vertical growth patterns. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:868-874.)
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    Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography
    (E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2012) Yagci, Ahmet; Veli, Ilknur; Uysal, Tancan; Ucar, Faruk Izzet; Ozer, Torun; Enhos, Sukru
    Objective: To test the null hypothesis that the presence of dehiscence and fenestration was not different among patients with skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 123 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained with an iCAT scanner (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa). Patients with normal vertical patterns were classified according to dental malocclusion and ANB angle. Class I comprised 41 patients-21 girls and 20 boys (mean age, 22.4 +/- 4.5 years); Class II comprised 42 patients-22 girls and 20 boys (mean age, 21.5 +/- 4.2 years); and Class III comprised 40 subjects-22 girls and 18 boys (mean age, 22.1 +/- 4.5 years). A total of 3444 teeth were evaluated. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical comparisons at the P <.05 level. Results: Statistical analysis indicated that the Class II group had a greater prevalence of fenestration than the other groups (P <.001). No difference was found in the prevalence of dehiscence among the three groups. Although fenestration had greater prevalence in the maxilla, more dehiscence was found in the mandible for all groups. In Class I, alveolar defects (dehiscence, fenestration) were matched relatively in both jaws. Furthermore, Class II and Class III subjects had more alveolar defects (41.11% and 45.02%, respectively) in the mandible. Dehiscences were seen with greater frequency in the mandibular incisors of all groups. Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant differences in the presence of fenestration were found among subjects with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. Fenestrations had greater prevalence in the maxilla, but more dehiscences were found in the mandible. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:67-74.)
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    Mandibular asymmetry in unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite patients using cone-beam computed tomography
    (E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2011) Veli, Ilknur; Uysal, Tancan; Ozer, Torun; Ucar, Faruk Izzet; Eruz, Murat
    Objective: To test the hypotheses that (1) there is no difference in mandibular asymmetry between the crossbite and normal side in a unilateral crossbite group (UCG) and between the right and left sides in a bilateral crossbite group (BCG) and a control group (CG); and (2) there is no significant difference in mandibular asymmetry among crossbite groups and control group. Materials and Methods: The cone-beam computed tomography scans of three groups were studied: (1) 15 patients (6 male, 9 female; mean age: 13.51 +/- 2.03 years) with unilateral posterior crossbite; (2) 15 patients (8 male, 7 female; mean age: 13.36 +/- 2.12 years) with bilateral posterior crossbite; and (3) 15 patients (8 male, 7 female; mean age: 13.46 +/- 1.53 years) as a control group. Fourteen parameters (eight linear, three surface, and three volumetric) were measured. Side comparisons were analyzed with paired samples t-test, and for the intergroup comparison, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used at the P < .05 level. Results: According to side comparisons, no statistically significant difference was found in the UCG. There were statistically significant differences in hemimandibular (P = .008) and ramal (P = .004) volumes for the BCG and in ramal height (P = .024) and body length (P = .021) for the CG. Intergroup comparisons revealed significant differences in hemimandibular (P = .002) and body volume (P < .001) for the normal side of the UCG and left sides of the other groups, and in angular unit length (P = .025) and condylar width (P = .007) for the crossbite side of the UCG and the right sides of the other groups. Conclusions: Contrary to UCG, CG and BCG were found to have side-specific asymmetry. Skeletal components of the mandible have significant asymmetry among the crossbite groups and the CG. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:966-974.)