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    EFFECTS OF COW MANURE AND LIQUID VERMICOMPOST APPLICATIONS ON GROWTH AND SEED YIELD OF DRY BEANS*
    (Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2022) Basdemir, Fatma; Ipekesen, Sibel; Tunc, Murat; Elis, Seval; Bicer, B. Tuba
    With its porous structure, high water storage capacity and high levels of macro- and micronutrients, vermicompost can play an effective role in plant growth and development. The purpose of this research is to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers in large agricultural holdings where dry beans are grown to protect soil and crop health, and to popularize the use of cow and worm manure. The research was carried out from April to August of 2020 and 2021, in the Faculty of Agriculture of Dicle University in the southeastern Anatolia of Turkey, and the aim was to evaluate the effect of separate and combined applications of cow manure (2.5, 5.0 and 10 t ha-1) and liquid vermicompost (recommended 50% and 100%) on the growth, yield and yield components of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design with three iterations. The soil was treated with vermicompost as foliar spray at the crop's flowering stage and with cow manure - during sowing. Plant samples for growth parameters were collected every 20 days starting from 20 days after emergence (DAE) until maturity, and plots were harvested for yield and yield components. Differences among the applications were significant for growth, yield, and yield components. 10 t ha-1 of cow manure + 100% recommended dose of vermicompost produced high levels of vegetative parts, such as leaves and stems until 80 DAE, but the highest seed yield (14.2 g plant-1) and yield components were achieved in the 5 t ha-1 of cow manure + 100% recommended dose of vermicompost combination. Even a separate vermicompost application increased in the vegetative parts and yield components of bean plants compared to control.
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    MINERALS, VITAMINS, PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS IN WILD CICER SPECIES AND PURE LINE CHICKPEA GENOTYPES SELECTED FROM A LOCAL POPULATION
    (Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2022) Ipekesen, Sibel; Basdemir, Fatma; Tunc, Murat; Bicer, B. Tuba
    In this study, ten local chickpea genotypes, ILC4951, Cicer retkulatum, C. echinospermum, standard variety Cagatay and a population from Izmir region were investigated for their composition of vitamins, minerals, protein and amino acids. The samples were collected in 2015 from 40 different chickpea production areas of Mardin, Diyarbakir and Adiyaman provinces of Southeastern Anatolia and Izmir regions of the Aegean area of Turkey. ILC 4951, Cicer echinospermum and C. reticulatum were obtained from the Faculty of Agriculture of Dicle University in Diyarbakir. The local chickpea samples included the lines obtained by pure line selection from local chickpeas grown farmers in the chickpea production areas in southeast Anatolia region. Genotypes were separated as desi and kabuli types. Genotypes had low crude protein content, 18.71 to 22.41%. Wild species had higher calcium, phosphorus and sodium content than the local varieties genotypes. Thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine ranged from 0.32 to 0.70 mg 100 0.03 to 0.54 mg 100 g(-1) and 0.22 to 0.53 mg 100 g(-1), respectively. C. reticulatum had low lysine, while a local desi genotype had the highest lysine content. The research results demonstrated that varieties grown by farmers, which were a mixture of both local and wild species, were of higher quality than the standard variety.
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    Neuroprotective Effects of Olanzapine in N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-Induced Retinal Injury
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2013) Onder, Halil Ibrahim; Aktan, Gulderen; Yuksel, Harun; Avcioglu, Sedat; Yildirim, Umran; Kaya, Murat; Tunc, Murat
    Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of olanzapine (OLA), an atypical antipsychotic drug, on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal injury. Methods: Retinal neuronal ischemia was induced by NMDA in Wistar rats. OLA was administered intraperitoneally in 2 different dosages: 2 and 12 mg/kg. At the end of 2 weeks of OLA treatment, 1 eye of each animal was enucleated for histopathologic examination. We also measured malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in retinal homogenates as a marker of ischemic injury. Results: The retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count was significantly higher in cases where we used OLA 2 mg/kg or OLA 12 mg/kg compared to the control group (P = 0.0032 and P = 0.0005, respectively). We also found that MDA was significantly reduced by OLA 2mg/kg or OLA 12 mg/kg compared to the control group (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between OLA 2 mg/kg or OLA 12mg/kg groups in terms of RGC count and MDA levels (P > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Our data showed that OLA preserved RGCs from NMDA-induced retinal injury; thus, it may have potential neuroprotective effects.