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    cis-Jasmone treatments affect multiple sucking insect pests and associated predators in cotton
    (E Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2020) Tonga, Adil; Cakmak, Suna; Seker, Kadri; Temiz, Mefhar Gultekin; Bayram, Ahmet
    Defense induction by exogenous applications of natural plant defense elicitors is an alternative pest control method. Such deployments not only provide resistance against herbivores but also attract their natural enemies. The influences of different doses of the plant defense elicitor cis-jasmone (CJ) (25, 50, 100 g/ha and an untreated control) on cooccurring sucking cotton, Gossypium hirsutum Linnaeus, insect pests from different feeding guilds (Thrips tabaci, Aphis gossypii, Empoasca decipiens) and their predators (Aeolothrips intetmedius, Chrysoperla carnea, Coccinella septempunctata) were examined under field conditions in 2012 and 2013. CJ treatments, coinciding with different plant growth stages, were made per growing season. The abundance of apterous A. gossypii was lower on CJ-sprayed cotton plants than on untreated control plants. Similarly, the overall abundance of T. tabaci was lower on treated cotton plants irrespective of the tested dose comparing with untreated control plants. Empoasca decipiens abundance was lowest on plants treated with the lowest CJ dose (25 g/ha). An attractive effect of CJ treatments on the predatory thrips A. intermedius was detected; its highest abundances were recorded on plants treated with 100 g/ha CJ. The highest abundances of C. carnea were detected on plants treated with 100 g/h CJ in 2012, whereas no such dose-specific attraction was recorded in 2013. CJ treatments had no significant effect on C. septempunctata and alate A. gossypii abundances. The different CJ doses used had no phytotoxic effects on cotton plants and cotton yield. The results are discussed in terms of possible CJ deployment in cotton pest management.
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    Öğe
    cis-Jasmone treatments affect pests and beneficial insects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): the influence of doses and plant growth stages
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Bayram, Ahmet; Tonga, Adil
    cis-Jasmone (CJ) is a natural plant volatile derived from linolenic acid via the octadecanoid pathway, and acts as a semiochemical and plant defense elicitor. In the present study, the effects of three different CJ doses (25 g.ha(-1); 50 g.ha(-1); 100 g.ha(-1)), applied at two different wheat growth stages (flag leaf just visible and emergence of inflorescence completed), on wheat insect pests and beneficial insects were investigated using three different sampling methods (direct visual counting, sweep-netting, colored sticky traps) under semi-arid conditions during 2011-2013. Depending on the insect species, CJ dose-effects varied with study years, plant growth stages and/or sampling methods. Among the pest species, cereal aphids (apterous and alate) were the most prominently affected by CJ treatment, irrespective of the dose; fewer aphids were detected on the CJ-treated plants than on untreated control plants by direct visual counting, sweep net and yellow sticky trap samplings. CJ treatment also had deterrent effects on phytophagous thrips species and wheat stem sawflies (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), whereas CJ was an attractant for aphid parasitoids, coccinellid species and the wheat stem sawfly parasitoid Collyria coxator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). CJ treatment had no effect on syrphid species (Diptera: Syrphidae). There was no significant effect of CJ treatment on wheat yield; however, CJ-treated plants were taller than untreated control plants. Although the behavioral responses of the studied species to CJ treatment varied with the plant growth stage and treatment dose, and were not consistent across all sampling methods, our findings indicate CJ treatment may be used to reduce some insect pest populations and manipulate some natural enemy species under field conditions.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Comparative demography and population projection of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
    (Entomological Society of Iran (ESI), 2020) Mohammadi, Saeideh; Maroufpoor, Nariman; Tonga, Adil; Bayram, Ahmet; Maroufpoor, Mostafa
    The Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) and the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) rank among the most destructive pests in food processing facilities worldwide. Ephestia kuehniella and C. maculatus may live in the same store simultaneously. To provide a comprehensive ecological based and cost effective control program, the life history and demographic parameters of the both stored product pests were studied at 25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% RH, and 16L:8D hours photoperiod. Moreover, population growth potential of the pests compared based on population projection. Life history and demographic parameters of both pests were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results revealed that E. kuehniella had longer immature developmental time, shorter adult longevity, shorter reproduction period, higher fecundity, higher net reproduction rate, and lower intrinsic rate of increase in comparison with the cowpea weevil. The obtained results have been discussed in terms of developing appropriate management strategies against both pests in the storage.