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Öğe An annual variation in essential oil composition of Origanum syriacum from Southeast Anatolia of Turkey(Academic Journals, 2010) Toncer, Ozlem; Karaman, Sengul; Diraz, EmelSeasonal variations of the essential oil of Origanum syriacum were analysed by GC/MS. Twenty five components were identified, independent of season, among which thymol was the main component with 46.70% in the summer and p-cymene was the main component with 62.18% in the early spring. From the other compounds occured in lower amounts, gamma-Terpinene ranged from 0.63 - 19.08% and its maximum level was observed in summer, alpha-terpinene varied between 0.67 - 4.85% and the maximum level detected in summer season, carvacrol values ranged from 0.73 - 8.90% with the maximal value spring. To obtain favourable phenol content of the oil, O. syriacum should be harvested in summer months.Öğe Blooming stages of Turkish hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) affect essential oil composition(Taylor & Francis As, 2008) Kizil, Suleyman; Toncer, Ozlem; Ipek, Arif; Arslan, Neset; Saglam, Sevil; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodHyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), native to the Caucasus, North Western Iran, Turkish North Eastern Black Sea region, and Southern Anatolia, is a highly valued medicinal plant. The experiment was conducted to find the effect of harvesting at different blooming stages of the plant on fresh and dry herbage yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content, and essential oil components. In total, twenty-nine components were identified in hyssop essential oil by GC/MS. Isopinocamphone was the dominating component (47.9 51.4%) in the all analysed oil samples. The results clearly demonstrated that oil contents are seriously affected by the environmental conditions and stage of blooming, with the highest oil yield and oil contents at the post-blooming stage.Öğe Changes in Essential Oil Composition of Oregano (Origanum onites L.) due to Diurnal Variations at Different Development Stages(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2009) Toncer, Ozlem; Karaman, Sengul; Kizil, Suleyman; Diraz, EmelThe composition of essential oil in plants was affected by genetical and environmental conditions, which is determined by growth region and harvesting time in terms of ontogenetical and diurnal variability. in the present study, aerial parts of Origanum onites were harvested at three different development stages (pre, full and post flowering) and six different times of the day (06:00, 10:00, 12:00,16:00, 20:00 and 24:00 h). A total of twenty-six components were identified by GC-MS, The major component was carvacrol, followed by thymol, p-cymene and gamma-terpinene. The content of carvacrol in the essential oil varied between 24.66 and 52.58% and the highest carvacrol content was obtained from 10:00 h at pre-flowering stages, thymol content changed between 2.80 and 23.77% and the highest thymol content was also obtained from 24:00 h at pre-flowering stages.Öğe Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of some Achillea Species Growing Wild in Turkey(Friends Science Publ, 2010) Toncer, Ozlem; Basbag, Sema; Karaman, Sengul; Diraz, Emel; Basbag, MehmetNative Achillea plants (A. biebersteinii, A. aleppica, A. tenuifolia, A. magnifica, A. cucullata) were collected from nine localities of Southeastern and Eastern of Turkey during the flowering period. The essential oils of five Achillea species were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-MS. Generally the principal constituents of the oils were 1,8 cineol+ascaridol, camphor, isoascaridol, 1,8 cineol and camphor as A. biebersteinii, A. aleppica, A. tenuifolia, A. magnifica, A. cucullata, respectively. Chemical composition of essential oils of Achillea species are highly variable, which may be due to the differences in their chemical polymorphic structure and environmental conditions. (C) 2010 Friends Science PublishersÖğe DETERMINATION OF SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ESSENTIAL OIL VARIATION IN DIFFERENT LOCAL Ocimum basilicum L. ECOTYPES UNDER SEMI-ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2019) Kizil, Suleyman; Toncer, Ozlem; Sogut, Tahsin; Diraz, Emel; Karaman, SengulThe study aimed to determine agronomic characteristics and essential oil components of different basil ecotypes in semi-arid climatic conditions of South Eastern Anatolia, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Two-year harvest data about fresh and dry herb yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content and its components from the plants of year 2015 and 2016 was analyzed in this study. Essential oil components were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The resulting outcomes demonstrated that both ecotypes and harvests had important effects on fresh and dry herb, dry leaf yield and essential oil contents of sweet basil. The highest dry leaf yield was noted from green leafy ecotypes and from second harvest stage. Twenty-three constituents were detected in the essential oil of O. basilicum ecotypes. The main components of basil essential oil were linalool, methyl chavicol, neral, geranial and methyl cinnamate that differed according to ecotypes and harvests during experimental years 2015 and 2016. Purple leafy basil ecotypes were determined as linalool rich, while greenish leaf ecotypes were abundant in methyl chavicol. Silbe - green ecotype contains higher neral and geranial levels than the other ecotypes. It was concluded that basil plant could be grown successfully and harvested two or more times to prefer for maximum dry leaf yield and essential oil contents under semi-arid climatic conditions.Öğe Diurnal Variation Effects in Essential Oils of Wild Thyme (Thymbra spicata var. spicata L.) Under Cultivation Conditions(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Toncer, Ozlem; Karaman, Sengul; Diraz, Emel; Sogut, Tahsin; Kizil, SuleymanThere are many folkloric uses of Thymbra spicata var. spicata. Very few thyme species are found in semi-arid climatic conditions. T. spicata is one among these which is not under cultivation anywhere. The essential oil of plant possesses high antibacterial and antioxidant properties due to presence of large amounts of phenolic components. The aim of this study was to verify the variation of essential oil and its composition among 12 different populations harvested every three hours in a day (from 06: 00 to 21: 00 h) along 24 hours for Thymbra spicata var. spicata on May 30, 2013. The essential oil of samples were analysed by GC-MS/FID. The results, proved that essential oil content of T. spicata var. spicata harvested at different times varied and ranged 2.02 to 5.04 % such that the amount of essential oil content increased around noon (reaching its maximum at 12: 00 h) followed by a decrease in afternoon hours. The essential oil of T. spicata var. spicata was analysed and a total of 20 components representing 89.57-99.14 % of the oils were identified. The highest carvacrol content (70.87 %) was obtained from 6.00 h harvest and the lowest one was obtained at 12.00 h harvest as 66.36 %. Diurnal variation in p-cymene content was observed with maximum at 21: 00 h harvest (6.89 %) and minimum at 09: 00 h (5.02 %) harvest gamma-Terpinene content of essential oil was maximum when the plants were harvested at 12: 00 h, while the lowest content was found when harvested at 06: 00 h. Carvacrol content was highest in the morning harvest. The results suggest that high oil yield and carvacrol content vary according to the temperature and can be optimised by considering the harvest time of the plant during a day.Öğe EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT HARVEST PERIODS ON ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS OF Lippia citriodora KUNTH UNDER SEMI-ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ITS ESSENTIAL OIL(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2018) Kizil, Suleyman; Dinc, Hayrettin; Diraz, Emel; Toncer, Ozlem; Kizil, Murat; Karaman, SengulLemon verbena is cultivated mainly due to the lemon-like aroma emitted from its leaves that are utilized for most purposes. The chemical composition of the essential oil of lemon verbena was analyzed by GC/MS in July at pre flowering, in September at full flowering and in end of October at post flowering period. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, extracted from Lippia citriodora was tested against laboratory con- trol strains belonging to the American Type Culture Collection (Maryland, USA) four Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria using the disc diffusion test. Antioxidant activity of the sample was determined by l,l-diphenil-2- -picrly-hydrazil (DPPH) assay. Well-known antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol were used as standard. Results showed, among different harvest periods high fresh and dry herbage and dry leaf yields per plant were obtained from full flowering stage. Harvest periods were found to have a significant effect on the content of essential oil and the highest amounts of limonene, neral and geranial and measured as 31.15, 11.92 and 15.53%, respectively at full flowering stage. In all samples, the main constituents were limo- nene, neral and geranial constituting 46.03%-58.59% of the total essential oil yield depend on development stages. Lemon verbena essential oil was found to have antibacterial activity especially against Gram (+) mi- croorganisms. In DPPH system, the moderate radical scavenging activity was exhibited. Therefore, L. citrio- dora has potential to be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.Öğe EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN FORMS ON SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Echinacea purpurea IN SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS OF TURKEY(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2013) Kizil, Suleyman; Toncer, OzlemEchinacea, commonly known as coneflower, is a member of the Asteraceae family. The plant is one of the most commonly medicinal plant, is herbaceous perennials with large daisy-like flowers. The roots and aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea is used commercially as herbal plant for enhancing the immune system and treating common cold. This research was conducted to determine the effects of different nitrogen forms on some agronomical characteristics on purple coneflower. In terms of agronomical parameters, plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, number of head, fresh root weight, fresh flower weight, whole plant fresh weight, dry root weight, dry flower weight, whole plant dry weight per plant were examined. According to the results, the nitrogen forms had no statistically significant effects on yield parameters except fresh & dry root weight. Dry root, dry flower weight and dry whole plant weight were determined as 24.6-31.3 g/plant, 9.3-15.4 g/plant and 76.2-106.6 g/plant, respectively.Öğe Effects of different temperatures and duration on germination of caper (Capparis ovata) seeds(Triveni Enterprises, 2009) Basbag, Mehmet; Toncer, Ozlem; Basbag, SemaCaper seed has poor germination because of the seed coat dormancy. Germination of caper seeds are complex traits affected by a wide range of internal and environmental influences. The effects of temperature preconditioning and period on germination of Capparis ovate were examined. Experiments were conducted in order to investigate germination behaviour of caper seeds subjected to different temperature and duration. The experiment revealed that the different temperature treatments were effective on mean germination percentage. The highest mean germination were obtained at 0 degrees C 29.52% and 10 degrees C with 27.17% and the lowest mean germination were obtained at control seeds with 8.39%. Dry heat treatments effected germination rate, but it was not enough for removing germination obstacle of caperseed completely.Öğe ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF Ocimum basilicum L. AT DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Toncer, Ozlem; Karaman, Sengul; Diraz, Emel; Tansi, SezenSweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is known locally as feslegen or reyhan, belonging to the Lamiaceae family and is widely grown as an ornamental, medicinal and spice crops in the Mediterranean countries, including Turkey. Basil is cultivated in small areas like gardens. However this plant must be produced in the shape of field farming for a new crop. Cultivar, cropping season, plant ontogeny and plant part had significant effects on the yield and quality of the essential oil of O. basilicum as with other essential oil plants. The present work was undertaken with the main objective to investigate the essential oil rate and constitutents of essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of O. basilicum cultivated in Diyarbakir as affected by different development stage. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC - MS) The yield of essential oil from different development stages varied between 1.2-1.6%, and the major components identified in essential oils are linalool, eugenol and terpinen-4-ol. The highest linalool content was obtained from flowering stage and it was observed that linalool percentages decreased in the post-flowering period, which showed an increase towards the flowering period, eugenol was rich in pre-flowering stage and the maximum amounts of terpinolen-4-ol were observed in post-flowering stage.Öğe Essential Oil Composition of Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. at Different Harvest Stages(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2017) Toncer, Ozlem; Karaman, Sengul; Diraz, Emel; Sogut, Tahsin; Kizil, SuleymanThymus is represented by 39 species (60 taxa) in Turkey and the rate of its endemism is 45% in Turkey. The herb is widely used for several purposes. Its essential oil compositions and biologically active substances are affected by the phenological stages. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the variations in the essential oil composition of Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. growing in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey at different phenological stages (pre-flowering, full flowering, post flowering). The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples. The yields of oils (w/w %) at different phenological stages was respectively 2.0% at pre-flowering state, 1.9% at flowering stage, and 1.3% at post-flowering stage. T. x citriodorus was determined mainly by using GC/MS. A total of 21 compounds, representing 93.9% in the pre-flowering stage, 98.8% in the flowering stage and 98.91% in post-flowering of the total oil, were identified. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (terpinolene) and oxygenated monoterpenes (alpha-terpineol) were observed to have the highest percentage in T. x citriodorus oil. The major compounds of the oil were terpinolene, alpha-terpineol, linalool, bornyl acetate and borneol. The highest percentage of terpinolene was determined to be 71% in flowering stages.Öğe EVALUATION OF SOME BLACK CUMIN SEED (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) GENOTYPES IN TERMS OF QUALITY PARAMETERS AT DIFFERENT PLANTING PERIODS UNDER MARDIN ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS(Univ Quindio, 2023) Gunes, Zubeyir; Toncer, OzlemThis research was carried out with 3 repetitions according to the randomized blocks trial design in winter and summer planting periods of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 in order to determine the agronomic and quality characteristics of some black cumin genotypes at different sowing periods under Mardin ecological conditions. cameli variety and 18 different black cumin seed genotypes were used in the study and some quality parameters were examined. According to the results obtained from the research, it was determined that fatty oil ratio varied between 32.45-39.02% and fatty oil yield varied between 12.94-42.72 kg da-1 in winter planting. In summer planting; fatty oil ratio ranged between 33.99-38.13% and fatty oil yield ranged between 9.69-25.18 kg da-1. As a result of the study, it was determined that Eskisehir-5 (G9) genotype performed better than other varieties and genotypes in terms of fatty oil yield under Mardin ecological conditions. Due to the early increase in temperature in Mardin conditions, quality parameters decreased in summer planting compared to winter planting. Therefore, winter planting is recommended as the most suitable planting time for black cumin cultivation under Mardin conditions.Öğe MINERAL CONTENTS AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS OF WILD AND CULTIVATED ROSE HIP (ROSA CANINA L.)(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Kizil, Suleyman; Toncer, Ozlem; Sogut, TahsinWild Rose hip (Rosa canina L.) clone samples were collected from Dicle, district of Diyarbakir, and conserved by planting since 2002 in the Department of Field Crops, Agriculture Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Morphological characteristics of fruits together with mineral contents, oil yield, protein contents, ash and fatty acid contents of wild and cultivated forms of the plant were determined. Thousand seed weight were determined as 27.5 g for wild and 22.5 g for cultured rose hips. Ca concentrations were found higher in fruits compared to seeds both in wild and cultivated forms. Whereas, Fe was lower in seeds than fruits. Zn and Na concentrations were 26.7 mg kg(-1) and 129.1 mg kg(-1) in wild seeds and 39.4 mg kg(-1) and 129.4 mg kg(-1) in cultivated seeds. The fruits had Zn, Na concentrations as 16.5 mg kg(-1) and 140.9 mg kg(-1) for wild and 33.8 mg kg(-1) and 148.7 mg kg(-1) for cultivated forms, respectively. Major fatty acids of rose hip fruit and seed oil of wild and cultivated forms were oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic and linolenic, respectively. The fruits had main fatty acid component as linoleic acid, while in the seeds it was determined as oleic acid.Öğe SEED GERMINATION RATE IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS) WITH CHALKY SPOTTED(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Bicer, Behiye Tuba; Toncer, Ozlem; Kavak, Hamit; Akinci, CumaThe chalky spot syndrome is a serious seed quality problem in red lentil in the southeast Anatolia of Turkey. This research was carried out to determine the chalky spot rate and its effect on the seed germination in twenty lentil genotypes. Germination tests as three groups performed; (i) seeds from damaged location were cleaned, and two groups were divided as damaged and non-damaged, (ii) all seeds from damaged location, and (iii) seeds from non damaged location. Chalky spot rate among genotypes ranged from 11.0 to 42.92%. Mean of germination speed in damaged seeds was 46.88%, and ranged from 20 to 66% in damaged seeds. Mean of germination speed in non-damaged seeds was 84.5%. Chalky spotted seed rate strongly reduced germination rate.
