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    A Case of Pneumothorax after Phrenic Nerve Block with Guidance of a Nerve Stimulator
    (Korean Pain Soc, 2011) Beyaz, Serbulent Gokhan; Tufek, Adnan; Tokgoz, Orhan; Karaman, Haktan
    Hiccups have more than 100 etiologies. The most common etiology has gastrointestinal origins, related mainly to gastric distention and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Intractable hiccups are rare but may present as a severe symptom of various diseases. Hiccups are mostly treated with non-invasive or pharmacological therapies. If these therapies fail, invasive methods should be used. Here, we present a patient on whom we performed a blockage of the phrenic nerve with the guidance of a nerve stimulator. The patient also had pneumothorax as a complication. Three hours after intervention, a tube thoracostomy was performed. One week later, the patient was cured and discharged from the hospital. In conclusion, a stimulator provides the benefit of localizing the phrenic nerve, which leads to diaphragmatic contractions. Patients with thin necks have more risk of pneumothorax during phrenic nerve location.
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    Caudal epidural block in children and infants: retrospective analysis of 2088 cases
    (K Faisal Spec Hosp Res Centre, 2011) Beyaz, Serbulent Gokhan; Tokgoz, Orhan; Tufek, Adnan
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Regional anesthesia is usually preferred as caudal block via the epidural space. However, the number of large-scale studies including pediatric caudal blocks is small. The objective of this study was to evaluate complications and side effects of local anesthetics and adjuvant drugs. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective, descriptive study of cases occurring during the period December 2007 to October 2009. METHODS: Of 4815 medical records were screened, 2088 pediatric cases were identified and included in this study. RESULTS: As a local anesthetic, we preferred mostly levobupivacaine in 1669 (79.9%) patients and bupivacaine in 419 (20.1%) patients. As adjuvant drug, we preferred mostly morphine (41 patients), fentanyl (7 patients) and adrenaline (6 patients) in 54 (2.5%) patients. For general anesthesia induction, we preferred mostly propofol (1996 patients, 94.2%); for maintenance, sevoflurane (1773 patients, 84.9%). For airway control, we preferred mostly the ProSeal laryngeal mask (PLMA), in 1008 (48.2%) patients. One thousand six hundred five (76.9%) patients were from outpatient clinics and 483 (23.1%) patients were from inpatient clinics. No permanent complication was encountered after caudal blocks. CONCLUSION: We conclude that caudal epidural blocks are a safe and effective method for subumbilical day-case pediatric surgeries when performed by anesthetists.
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    The comparison of neuroprotective effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and metilprednisolone in spinal cord injury
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Celik, Feyzi; Gocmez, Cuneyt; Kamasak, Kagan; Tufek, Adnan; Guzel, Abdulmenap; Tokgoz, Orhan; Firat, Ugur
    Background: The purpose of this study is the investigation of the effects of intrathecally injected dexmedetomidine and methylprednisolone and their dominancy over one another in rats with generated Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Methods: 40, female, adult Wistar Albino rats weighing 220-260 g were included in the study. The rats were fixed with Intrathecal catheter (IT) and divided into four groups. All subjects were applied T7-10 laminectomy after catheter. Group S (n:10) was injected with IT 10 mu L isotonic saline; Group C (n: 10) with IT 10 mu L isotonic saline after SCI; Group D (n:10) with IT one doze 10 mu L of dexmedetomidine after SCI; Group M (n:10) IT one dose 10 mu L of methylprednisolone. The subjects were sacrificed 72 h after this operation. The damaged area was removed biochemically and histopathologically examined. Results: Antioxidant and inflammatory parameters searched for in all damages tissue were statistically different in all groups from group S. They were different in group M and group D than group C (p < 0.001). After the comparison of group D and group M, PON and IL6 values were higher in group D (p = 0.003, p = 0.035) while the other two biochemical parameters were similar in both groups (Table 1). After histopathologic trials, edemas, bleeding and necrosis were found less in group S while at the most in group C (p < 0.001). In group M and group D, however, they were higher than group S and lower than group C (p < 0.001). After the comparison of group D and group M, while there was no difference in terms of edema necrosis, the amount of bleeding was lower in group D (p < 0.001) (Table 2). Conclusions: It has been discovered that intrathecal use of dexmedetomidine caused neuroprotective effects similar to methylprednisolone. (C) 2013 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Comparison of the effectiveness of intrathecal bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine in hip surgery
    (Slovene Medical Soc, 2013) Celik, Feyzi; Karaman, Haktan; Tufek, Adnan; Kavak, Gonul Olmez; Yildirim, Zeynep Baysal; Tokgoz, Orhan; Guzel, Abdulmenap
    Purpose: We aimed to compare the anesthetic and hemodynamic effects of intrathecally administered levobupivacaine and bupivacaine in combination with fentanyl in hip surgery. Subjects and methods: Sixty patients categorized as class 1 or 2 according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status classification, aged between 18 and 65 years and scheduled for hip surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in Group I received spinal anesthesia with 0.5 % bupivacaine 12.5 mg + fentanyl 10 mu g (total 2.6 ml), and patients in Group II received 0.5 % levobupivacaine 12.5 mg + fentanyl 10 mu g (total 2.6 ml) intrathecally. The level of sensory block and motor block was evaluated, and hemodynamic data were recorded. Results: The onset of sensory block and the time to two-segment regression were similar between the two groups. In the levobupivacaine group, the time to motor block onset was longer and the motor block regression time was shorter than that of bupivacaine group. The groups were similar with respect to hemodynamic data. Conclusion: We consider that levobupivacaine may be a good alternative to bupivacaine, particularly in surgical procedures where less motor block development is desired.
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    Comparison of the efficacies of I-gel™ and LMA-ProSeal™ for airway management in pediatric patients
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Tokgoz, Orhan; Tufek, Adnan; Beyaz, Serbulent Gokhan; Yuksel, Mustafa Ugur; Celik, Feyzi; Aycan, Ilker Onguc; Guzel, Abdulmenap
    Aim: The present study was performed to compare the performance of I-gel (TM) with LMA-ProSeal (TM) in children undergoing anesthesia. Materials and methods: A total of 185 patients who were scheduled for elective surgery in Dicle University's hospital were randomly divided into 2 groups: the I-gel (TM) group (Group-I, n = 95) and the p-LMA (TM) group (Group-P, n = 90). Airway leakage pressure, insertion time, fiberoptic laryngeal image scores, ease of insertion, and possible complications were compared between these groups. Results: The airway leakage pressure of Group-I was significantly higher than that of Group-P (means +/- SD: 28 +/- 5 vs. 20 +/- 4 cmH(2)O, P < 0.01). The duration of supraglottic airway device insertion was shorter in Group-I than Group-P (19 +/- 4 vs. 28 +/- 5 s, P < 0.01). The overall success rate was 95% for Group-I and 94% for Group-P (P = 0.10). The I-gel provided a better view of the glottis than the p-LMA (93% of cases in Group-I and 68% of cases in Group-P, P = 0.03). There were no significant differences with regard to ease of insertion (P = 0.97). Conclusion: This study suggested that I-gel is an effective and safe alternative supraglottic airway device for use in children.
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    Cooled radiofrequency application for treatment of sacroiliac joint pain
    (Springer Wien, 2011) Karaman, Haktan; Kavak, Gonul Olmez; Tufek, Adnan; Celik, Feyzi; Yildirim, Zeynep Baysal; Akdemir, Mehmet Salim; Tokgoz, Orhan
    Background The unavailability of an effective and long-lasting treatment for sacroiliac-based pain has led researchers to study the efficacy of radiofrequency in denervation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of novel cooled radiofrequency application for sacral lateral-branch denervation. Methods Patients experiencing chronic sacroiliac pain were selected for our observational study. Fluoroscopy guidance cooled radiofrequency denervation was applied on the L5 dorsal ramus and the S1-3 lateral branches on patients who had twice undergone consecutive joint blockages to confirm the diagnosis and obtained at least 75% pain relief. At the 1st, 3rd and 6th month postoperatively, the patients' pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS), and their physical function was evaluated with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results Cooled radiofrequency was applied on a total of 15 patients. Prior to the procedures, the median VAS score (interquartile range) was 8 (7-9), but at the 1st, 3rd and 6th month, this had fallen to 3 (1-4), 2 (1-3) and 3 (2-4). The baseline median ODI score (interquartile range) was 36 (32-38), while at the 1st, 3rd and 6th month, it was 16 (820), 12 (9-18) and 14 (10-20), respectively. At the final control, while 80% of the patients reported at least a 50% decline in pain scores, 86.7% of those reported at least a ten-point reduction in ODI scores. Conclusion It was seen that the cooled radiofrequency used for sacroiliac denervation was an effective and safe method in the short to intermediate term.
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    Current attitudes of Turkish anesthesiologists to radiation exposure
    (Springer Japan Kk, 2013) Tufek, Adnan; Tokgoz, Orhan; Aycan, Ilker Onguc; Celik, Feyzi; Gumus, Abdurrahman
    Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of anesthesiologists to radiation exposure and current safety practice in Turkey. Methods The study enrolled anesthesiologists from all over Turkey, including all levels of academic degrees and all types of different institutions. Questionnaire forms were sent via e-mail to 505 anesthesiologists. The survey collected demographic data such as age, gender, position, and the institution at which the participant worked, and data about the frequency of radiation exposure during procedures and the participant's attitudes concerning radiation safety measures during these procedures. Results The questionnaire forms were delivered to 491 anesthesiologists, and 301 (61.3 %) of these were returned. Of these, 9 had not completed the questionnaire because of a lack of exposure to radiation. Among the remaining 292 personnel, the weekly frequencies of radiation exposure were more than five times (36.7 %), one to five times (50.3 %), and less than once (13 %) per week, respectively. Only a few anesthesiologists regularly wore a lead apron (30.11 %) and a thyroid shield (11.3 %) during procedures involving radiation exposure. Conclusions This study demonstrated that nearly all anesthesiologists are regularly exposed to radiation and that few anesthesiologists in Turkey wear protective clothing, which is essential for radiation protection. Therefore, if it is not, increasing awareness about radiation protection should be an integral part of medical training and education.
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    Demographical Features of Patients with Suicidal Drug Intoxication, Glasgow Coma Scale and Revised Trauma Score Relationship with Mortality
    (Aves, 2012) Ozhasenekler, Rojsin A.; Karaman, Haktan; Kavak, Gonul O.; Tufek, Adnan; Yildirim, Zeynep; celik, Feyzi; Tokgoz, Orhan
    Objective: It is aimed in this study to analyze whether a relationship exists between mortality and demographical features, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) plus revised trauma scores (RTS) of inpatients diagnosed with suicidal drug intoxication. Material and Methods: Files of a total of 120 patients admitted in the reanimation unit because of suicidal drug intoxication whose data we could access were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 75.8% (n=91) of our patients were female while female/male ratio was 3.13/1. The average age of our patients was 25.18 +/- 10.26 years whereas mean arterial blood pressure, mean pulse rate and mean respiratory rate were 85.09 +/- 18.08 mmHg, 105.25 +/- 27.07 and 11.54 +/- 4.39, respectively. Mean GCS and RTS values of our patients on initial admission were 10.48 +/- 3.34 and 6.52 +/- 1.20, respectively. Mean duration of hospital stay of our patients was 6.43 +/- 14.2 days. 64 of our patients (53.3%) ingested a tricyclic antidepressant, while 22 (18.3%) took organic phosphorus. 33 (27.5%) cases were multipledrug intoxication. 37 patients (30.8%) required mechanical ventilation support and mean duration of follow-up under mechanical ventilation support was found to be 2.39 +/- 9.08 days. 11 of our patients (9.1%) died. A statistically significant relationship was found not only between mortality and organic chlorine (p=0.002) plus TCA intoxication (p=0.003), but also between mortality and GCS (p<0.001) plus RTS (p=0.003). Conclusion: Since suicidal drug intoxications are among important issues faced in the emergency room and intensive care units, it was concluded that physiological scoring systems used for initial assessment and follow-up, as well as the kind of drug taken had impacts on mortality.
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    The effect of I-gel™ airway on intraocular pressure in pediatric patients who received sevoflurane or desflurane during strabismus surgery
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Sahin, Alparslan; Tufek, Adnan; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Caca, Ihsan; Tokgoz, Orhan; Balsak, Selahattin
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of I-gelTM laryngeal mask airway on intraocular pressure (IOP) in children with strabismus undergoing balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane or desflurane. Methods: Forty-seven children, ASA physical status I, were scheduled for elective strabismus surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two inhalation anesthetic groups. Sevoflurane group comprised of 27 children, and desflurane group comprised of 20 children. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane or desflurane. No muscle relaxant was used. IOPs were measured before anesthesia, at 2 and 5 min after insertion of I-gelTM and after removal of I-gelTM. IOP measurements were obtained by Tonopen (R). Results: Intraocular pressure significantly decreased 2 min after insertion of I-gelTM in both sevoflurane and desflurane groups (P < 0.001). Measurements 5 min after I-gelTM insertion were also significantly lower than those of before insertion in both groups (P < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found between the preoperative measurement and the measurement after removal of I-gelTM within two groups (P = 0.072 and P = 0.547, respectively). No significant differences were found in all IOP measurements between sevoflurane and desflurane groups. Conclusion: Insertion of I-gelTM laryngeal mask airway with giving sevoflurane or desflurane inhalation anesthetics seemed not to cause any increase in IOPs in pediatric ophthalmic surgery.
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    Etiological and demographic characteristics of poisoning cases admitted to all departments of university hospital in Diyarbakir, Turkey
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2013) Arica, Enes; Uysal, Cem; Tokgoz, Orhan; Goren, Suleyman
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Evaluation of retrograde intubation in patients with limited mouth opening
    (Springer Japan Kk, 2013) Tufek, Adnan; Ucan, Musa Can; Tokgoz, Orhan; Celik, Feyzi; Agacayak, Serkan
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Inhalation Anesthesia with Sevoflurane during Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection in Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2013) Tokgoz, Orhan; Sahin, Alparslan; Tufek, Adnan; Cinar, Yasin; Guzel, Abdulmenap; Ciftci, Taner; Celik, Feyzi
    Bacground. To investigate the anesthetic management in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed for the patients with ROP who had IVB injection. Clinical characteristics, demographic variables, anesthetic medications, operation techniques, time intervals, and complications were recorded. Results. Sixty-six eyes of 33 patients (23 males, 10 females) with type 1 ROP who were treated with IVB were included. A total of 66 anesthetic applications were performed. Mean gestational age at birth was 28.3 weeks (range 25-33). Mean birth weight was 1300 g (range 600-1850). Serious ocular and systemic complications were not observed in any infant. Conclusion. Inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane during IVB treatment in premature infants with ROP may be appropriate for anesthetic management.
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    Opioids Inhibit Angiogenesis in a Chorioallantoic Membrane Model
    (Am Soc Interventional Pain Physicians, 2017) Karaman, Haktan; Tufek, Adnan; Karaman, Evren; Tokgoz, Orhan
    Background: Angiogenesis is an important characteristic of cancer. Switching from the avascular phase to the vascular phase is a necessary process for tumor growth. Therefore, research in cancer treatment has focused on angiogenesis as a drug target. Despite the widespread use of opioids to treat pain in patients with cancer, little is known about the effect of these drugs on vascular endothelium and angiogenesis. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the efficacies of morphine, codeine, and tramadol in 3 different concentrations on angiogenesis in hens' eggs. Study Design: This is a prospective, observational, controlled, in-vivo animal study. Setting: Single academic medical center. Methods: This study was conducted on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized hens' eggs. The efficacies of morphine, codeine, and tramadol in 3 different concentrations were evaluated on angiogenesis in a total of 165 hens' eggs. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between drug-free agarose used as a negative control and concentrations of morphine of 10 mu M and 1 mu M, a concentration of tramadol of 10 mu M, and concentrations of codeine of 10 mu M and 1 mu M. Concentrations of morphine of 10 mu M and 1 mu M showed strong antiangiogenic effects. While codeine had strong antiangiogenic effects at high concentrations, at 0.1 mu M it was shown to have weak antiangiogenic effects. However, tramadol at a concentration of 10 mu M had only weak antiangiogenic effects. Limitations: This is just a CAM model study. Conclusion: In this study, we tested the effects of 3 different opioid drugs on angiogenesis in 3 different concentrations, and we observed that morphine was a good anti-angiogenic agent, but tramadol and codeine only had anti-angiogenic effects at high doses.
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    Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum by foreign body
    (Pakistan Medical Assoc, 2014) Okur, Mehmet Hanifi; Arslan, Mehmet Serif; Aydogdu, Bahattin; Uygun, Ibrahim; Goya, Cemil; Tokgoz, Orhan; Otcu, Selcuk
    Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is a congenital disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually asymptomatic. Perforation of an MD by foreign bodies is an extremely rare cause of acute abdomen in children. We present a rare case of perforation of an MD in a child after eating melon seeds. The patient was treated successfully with segmental resection and primary anastomosis and had an uneventful postoperative recovery.
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    The protective effect of dexmedetomidine on bupivacaine-induced sciatic nerve inflammation is mediated by mast cells
    (Canadian Soc Clinical Investigation, 2013) Tufek, Adnan; Kaya, Savas; Tokgoz, Orhan; Firat, Ugur; Evliyaoglu, Osman; Celik, Feyzi; Karaman, Haktan
    Purpose: This study was designed to assess the correlation between the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine and oxidative stress, neural inflammation and mast cell stability in rats with bupivacaine-induced sciatic nerve toxicity. Methods: Forty adult Wistar Albino rats, eight rats per group, were used. Saline (0.3 ml of 0.9%), dexmedetomidine (20 mu g/kg), 0.5% bupivacaine or 0.5% bupivacaine+dexmedetomidine (20 mu g/kg) was injected into the sciatic nerve. A control group of rats received no injection. Fourteen days after injection, the sciatic nerves were harvested and total oxidant status, total anti-oxidant status, paraoxonase-1, galectin-3 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 levels were measured in the sciatic nerves. In addition, the presence and status of inflammation, edema, and mast cells were evaluated histopathologically. Results: The combination of dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine alleviated oxidative stress. In addition, it decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 and galectin-3 levels and increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 levels. Moreover, it stabilized recruited mast cells at the injury site; however, it did not significantly decrease inflammation or edema. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine may ameliorate bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity by modulating mast cell degranulation. The neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine may make it a suitable adjuvant agent to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks.
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    Protective Effects of Beta Glucan and Gliclazide on Brain Tissue and Sciatic Nerve of Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozosin
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2012) Alp, Harun; Varol, Sefer; Celik, Muhammet Murat; Altas, Murat; Evliyaoglu, Osman; Tokgoz, Orhan; Tanriverdi, Mehmet Halis
    There have not been yet enough studies about effects of beta glucan and gliclazide on oxidative stress created by streptozotocin in the brain and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. The aim of this paper was to investigate the antioxidant effects of gliclazide and beta glucan on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation created by streptozotosin in brain and sciatic nerve. Total of 42 rats were divided into 6 groups including control, diabetic untreated (DM) (only STZ, diabetic), STZ (DM) + beta glucan, STZ (DM) + gliclazide, only beta glucan treated (no diabetic), and only gliclazide treated (no diabetic). The brain and sciatic nerve tissue samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase (PON-1) levels. We found a significant increase in MDA, TOS, and OSI along with a reduction in TAS level, catalase, and PON-1 activities in brain and sciatic nerve of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Also, this study shows that in terms of these parameters both gliclazide and beta glucan have a neuroprotective effect on the brain and sciatic nerve of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Our conclusion was that gliclazide and beta glucan have antioxidant effects on the brain and sciatic nerve of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.
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    The protective effects of dexmedetomidine on the liver and remote organs against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Tufek, Adnan; Tokgoz, Orhan; Aliosmanoglu, Ibrahim; Alabalik, Ulas; Evliyaoglu, Osman; Ciftci, Taner; Guzel, Abdulmenap
    Aim: To investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and hepatic IR induced remote organ injury. Methods: Forty Wistar albino rats were divided into the following four groups: sham, dexmedetomidine, IR, and IR + dexmedetomidine. Hepatic ischemia was created by the Pringle maneuver for 30 min followed by a 30 min reperfusion period in the IR and IR + dexmedetomidine groups. The dexmedetomidine and IR + dexmedetomidine groups were administered dexmedetomidine (100 mg/kg, single dose) intraperitoneally after the anesthesia insult. Blood samples and hepatic, renal, and lung tissue specimens were obtained to measure serum and tissue total oxidative activity (TOA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), paraoxonase (PON-1), and oxidative stress index (OSI) after 60 min in all groups. Results: According to the biochemical analyses of the samples taken from the serum and the liver, lung, and kidney tissues, when comparing the sham group and the IR group, TOA and OSI values were higher in the IR group, while TAC and PON-1 values were lower (p < 0.05). It was observed that TOA and OSI values were significantly lower, while TAC and PON-1 values increased with dexmedetomidine treatment (p < 0.05). In addition, dexmedetomidine ameliorated hepatic histopathological changes inducing IR, but there were no significant histopathological changes in the remote organs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that dexmedetomidine markedly reduced the oxidative stress in serum, liver, and remote organs induced by hepatic IR injury, and ameliorated the histopathological damage in the liver. (C) 2012 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Regional anaesthesia in paediatric surgery: results of 2200 children
    (Pakistan Medical Assoc, 2011) Beyaz, Serbulent Gokhan; Tokgoz, Orhan; Tufek, Adnan
    Objectives: To evaluate paediatric regional anaesthesia applications in 2200 children at Diyarbakir Children's Hosptial, Turkey. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done from January 2005 and October 2009. Paediatric regional anaesthesia applications in 2200 children were retrospectively analysed and included in this study. Demographic data, operation type, choice of regional anaesthesia, local anaesthetics, adjuvant drugs, side effects and complications were recorded. Results: Mean age was 6 4 years and mean weight 21.1 +/- 10.7 kg. There were 317 (14.4%) girls, and 1883 (85.6%) boys. Of the 2200 cases studied, 2088 (94%) received caudal epidural block, 59 (3%) received spinal block, 34 (%2) had lumbar epidural block and 19 (1%) received dorsal penile nerve block Conclusion: In paediatric anaesthetic practice, caudal epidural block is used widely. However, paediatric regional anaesthesia should be supported and developed further by obtaining essential materials and devices. Variety of both neuraxial blocks and peripheral nerve blocks under sedation/general anaesthesia should also be increased.
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    Thymoquinone treatment against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Aycan, Ilker Onguc; Tufek, Adnan; Tokgoz, Orhan; Evliyaoglu, Osman; Firat, Ugur; Kavak, Gonul Olmez; Turgut, Huseyin
    Aim: In this study, we aimed to examine the efficacy of thymoquinone (TQ) treatment in acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in rats. Methods: Forty Wistar Albino rats were used for the study (four groups, with 10 rats for each group). Animals in the control group were not given any medication. In the thymoquinone (TQ) group, animals were given three times 5 mg/kg oral thymoquinone for every six hours, which equals to a total dose of 15 mg/kg. In the acetaminophen (APAP) group, animals were given APAP at a single dose of 500 mg/kg orally. In the APAP + TQ group, animals were given 500 mg/kg APAP orally followed by three doses of TQ at a 15 mg/kg total dose in an 18-h time interval. All animals were sacrificed at the 24th hour. Alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartat amino transferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxides (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities were measured in rat blood. Histopathological examination was also performed. Results: Serum ALT, AST levels, GSSG, and SOD activity as well as the serum and tissue MDA levels were found to be higher in the APAP group than in the control group (p <= 0.001). Likewise, serum GSH-Px activity was found to be lower in the APAP group (p <= 0.001). In contrast, in the APAP + TQ group, serum ALT, AST levels, GSSG, SOD activity and the serum and tissue MDA levels were found to be lower compared to that of the APAP group. This difference was statistically significant (p <= 0.001). In the APAP + TQ group, the GSH-Px activity was found to be significantly higher compared to the APAP group (p < 0.05). In contrast to this finding, the GSH-Px activity in the APAP + TQ group was found to be lower than that of the control group (p <= 0.001). Histopathological analysis revealed significant liver necrosis and toxicity with a high dose of APAP where TQ treatment was related with significantly lower liver injury scores. Conclusion: TQ treatment may have an important therapeuthic effect via the upregulation of antioxidant systems in the APAP-induced liver hepatotoxicity in rats. (C) 2013 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.