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    Children with breakthrough varicella infection requiring hospitalization in Turkey (VARICOMP Study 2008-2013)
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Dinleyici, Ener Cagri; Kurugol, Zafer; Kara, Ates; Tezer, Hasan; Tas, Mehmet Ali; Guler, Ekrem; Yasa, Olcay
    Introduction: Varicella in previously immunized individuals, known as breakthrough varicella. While the majority of breakthrough cases are mild, some may be severe, requiring hospitalization in previously healthy children or children with an underlying condition. Methods: This report, as a part of the prospective national pediatric varicella hospitalizations study (including 29 centers, represent 50% of pediatric population) in Turkey, is aimed to evaluate breakthrough varicella infection requiring hospitalization before the routine use of single-dose live varicella vaccine in national program from 2008 to 2013 (<10% of the pediatric age group received a single-dose vaccine). Results: In the time period, 1939 children were hospitalized due to varicella infection in Turkey; 36 children (20 boys, 16 girls, mean age 68.0+37.6 months, all received single dose live varicella vaccine) with breakthrough varicella infection. Breakthrough varicella infection might be severe in previously healthy children (61.1%) and children with immune-compromising conditions (38.9%). The time elapsed between vaccination and hospitalization was approximately 5 years, and neurological complications, mainly encephalitis and meningitis, were the most common reason for hospitalization in previously healthy children. Conclusion: Pediatric breakthrough varicella requiring hospitalization have been seen in Turkey, is mainly observed in previously healthy children at 5 years after a single-dose varicella vaccine. The varicella vaccine has been implemented as part of the National Immunization Program in Turkey in 2013 (a single dose at age 12 months). Further surveillance in the same settings could evaluate the effectiveness of national immunization with single-dose varicella vaccine at 12 months of age and potential need for second dose of vaccine. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Multicenter hospital-based prospective surveillance study of bacterial agents causing meningitis and seroprevalence of different serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae Type B, and Streptococcus pneumoniae during 2015 to 2018 in Turkey
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2020) Ceyhan, Mehmet; Özsürekçi, Yasemin; Başaranoglu, Sevgen Tanır; Gürler, Nezahat G.; Salı, Enes; Emiroglu, Melike; Öz, Fatma Nur; Belet, Nurşen M.; Duman, Murat; Ulusoy, Emel; Kurugöl, Zafer; Tezer, Hasan; Parlakay, Aslınur Özkaya; Dinleyici, Ener Cagri; Çelik, Ümit Sizmaz; Çelebi, Solmaz; Öner, Ahmet Faik; Solmaz, Mehmet Ali; Karbuz, Adem; Hatipoglu, Nevin; Devrim, İlker; Caglar, İlknur; Bozdemir, Şefika Elmas; Kocabaş, Emine; Gündeşli·oğlu, Özlem Özgür; Sütçü, Murat; Akcan, Özge Metin; Kuyucu, Necdet; Aktar, Fesih; Kara, Soner Sertan; Akışoğlu, Havva Özlem Altay; Tuygun, Nilden; Uslu, Zeynep Diyar Tamburaci; Öncel, Eda Karadag; Bayhan, Cihangül; Cengiz, Ali Bülent
    The etiology of bacterial meningitis in Turkey changed after the implementation of conjugated vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in the Turkish National Immunization Program (NIP). Administration of Hib vaccine and PCV-7 (7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) was implemented in NIP in 2006 and 2009, respectively. In 2011, PCV-7 was replaced with PCV-13. Meningococcal vaccines have not yet been included in Turkish NIP. This prospective study comprised 27 hospitals located in seven regions of Turkey and represented 45% of the population. Children aged between 1 month and 18 years who were hospitalized with suspected meningitis were included. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected, and bacterial identification was made according to the multiplex PCR assay results. During the study period, 994 children were hospitalized for suspected meningitis, and Hib (n = 3, 2.4%), S. pneumoniae (n = 33, 26.4%), and Neisseria meningitidis (n = 89, 71%) were detected in 125 samples. The most common meningococcal serogroup was MenB. Serogroup W comprised 13.9% (n = 5) and 7.5% (n = 4) of the meningococci in 2015 to 2016 and 2017 to 2018, respectively. Serogroup C was not detected. There were four deaths in the study; one was a pneumococcus case, and the others were serogroup B meningococcus cases. The epidemiology of meningococcal diseases has varied over time in Turkey. Differing from the previous surveillance periods, MenB was the most common serogroup in the 2015-to-2018 period. Meningococcal epidemiology is so dynamic that, for vaccination policies, close monitoring is crucial.