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    A comprehensive evaluation of the chemical profiles and biological properties of six geophytes from Turkey: Sources of bioactive compounds for novel nutraceuticals
    (Elsevier, 2021) Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Zengin, Gökhan; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Yıldıztugay, Evren; Lobine, Devina; Ouelbani, Rayene; Bensari, Souheir; Ak, Güneş; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Gallo, Monica; Montesano, Domenico
    Geophytes are gaining interest as sources of natural ingredients in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical area. In this sense, six bulbous plant species from Turkey are investigated, namely Hyacinthella campanulata K.Perss. & Wendelbo, Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten., Tulipa humilis herb., Iris stenophylla Hausskn. ex Baker, Galanthus elwesii Hook. f. and Crocus danfordiae Maw. with the aim to highlight their chemical compositions and biological properties. Polyphenolic profiles of the different plant parts (flower, bulb and leaf) of the six genotypes were evaluated using colorimetric methods as well LC-MS/MS. The antioxidant properties and enzymes inhibitory potential (alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, tyrosinase and cholinesterases) of the extracts were determined. Overall, highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were observed in the leaf extracts of the studied species, except for M. neglectum (flower extract) and T. humilis (flower extract). LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the abundance of some phenolic compounds including quinic acid, hesperidin and chlorogenic acid in selective extracts. The extracts showed significant antioxidant potentials, with leaf extract of the I. stenophylla being more potent, which is linked to its high phenolic contents. All the extracts displayed notable anti-acetylcholinesterase (1.77 - 2.53 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (54.9-67.20 mg KAE/g). Selective extracts have showed activity against butyrylcholinesterase, with bulb extract of M. neglectum (2.99 mg GALAE/g), I. stenophylla (2.53 mg GALAE/g) and G. elwesii (2.52 mg GALAE/g) showing highest activity. Modest activity was observed against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. The experimental data gathered herein is the first report on the phytochemical and biological attributes of these bulbous plant species which project them as potential sources of biologically active compounds for phytomedicines and nutraceuticals development.
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    Enzyme inhibition and antioxidant functionality of eleven Inula species based on chemical components and chemometric insights
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science LTD, 2021) Ceylan, Ramazan; Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Ak, Güneş; Jugreet, Sharmeen; Çakır, Oğuz; Ouelbani, Rayene; Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah
    The members of the genus Inula have been widely used in traditional medicinal. In the present study, 11 Inula species were investigated for their phytochemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. While quinic acid was the principal compound in I. anatolica, I. britannica, I. inuloides, I. oculus-christi, I. peacockiana, I. sechmenii, I. thapsoides and I. viscidula extracts (22.43?42.02 mg/g dry extract (DE)), I. aucheriana and I. discoidea extracts contained rutin as their most abundant compound (23.28 and 79.10 mg/g extract, respectively). Interestingly, all the Inula extracts were active inhibitors of the five key clinical enzymes (acetylcholinesterase (3.56?5.13 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), butyrylcholinesterase (1.49?7.34 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (112.31?122.13 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g), ?-glucosidase (0.77?2.08 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/ g) and ?-amylase (0.73?0.90 mmol ACAE/g)). Furthermore, the extracts were observed to exhibit substantial antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH): 58.99?188.22 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g); 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS): 90.51?220.97 mg TE/g; cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC): 169.88?460.53 mg TE/g; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP): 81.57?237.99 mg TE/g; metal chelating activity: 8.31?25.39 mg ethylenediamine tetraacetate equivalent (EDTAE)/g; phosphomo-lybdenum: 1.55?2.49 mmol TE/g). In conclusion, the Inula species studied herein showed promising pharma-cological potentials justified by the presence of a panoply of bioactive compounds.