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Öğe Antioxidant Status and DNA Damage in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with or without Comorbid Disruptive Behavioral Disorders(Kure Iletisim Grubu A S, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Ozaner, Soner; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Kaya, Mehmet CemalObjective: The aim of this study is to investigate oxidative stress and DNA damage among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without disruptive behavioral disorders (DBD). Methods: A total of 49 treatment naive children (M/F: 40/9) who were diagnosed with ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV criteria were included. The patients with ADHD were divided into two groups, those with ADHD alone (n= 25) and ADHD plus DBD (n= 24). The control group consisted of 40 age-and sex-similar healthy children. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children-Present and Life-time version (K-SADS-PL) was applied to all children. Children's teachers completed the Turgay DSM-IV Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S). Serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx), coenzyme Q, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured by the ELISA method using commercial kits. Results: There were no significant differences in serum GPx, SOD, CoQ and 8-OHdG levels among the pure ADHD, ADHD plus DBD and the control groups (p>0.05). No statistically significant correlations were found between the severity of ADHD symptoms and GPx, SOD, CoQ and 8-OHdG levels. Conclusion: Our study suggests that oxidative stress may not play a key role in the pathogenesis of pure ADHD and ADHD plus DBD.Öğe Association of polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children with autism spectrum disorder(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Coskun, Salih; Simsek, Seref; Camkurt, Mehmet Akif; Cim, Abdullah; Celik, Sercan BulutVitamin D is implicated in several aspects of human physiology, and polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. The aims of this study are to determine whether VDR polymorphisms are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to examine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in ASD, and to explore whether VDR polymorphisms influence serum 25(OH)D levels. We investigated 480 subjects (237 children with ASD and 243 healthy controls) for the following VDR polymorphisms: TaqI, BsmI, FokI, ApaI, and Cdx2. Within the same samples, 25(OH)D levels were available only for 85 patients and 82 controls. The Cdx-2 variation was shown to deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the controls and was therefore excluded from the study. We found that the frequency of rare FokI TT, TaqI CC, and BsmI AA genotypes differed significantly between children with ASD and the controls (p = 0.042, p = 0.016, p = 0.038, respectively). After correction for multiple testing, only the TaqI CC genotype remained significant. Further analysis using a recessive model showed that rare genotypes of these polymorphisms were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p = 0.045, p = 0.005 and p = 0.031, respectively). However, no significant association was found between ApaI and ASD. We found serum 25(OH)D levels to be significantly higher in children with ASD (p < 0.001) and that the FokI polymorphism had an effect on serum 25(OH)D levels in children with ASD (p = 0.041). Additionally, we found the haplotype GTTT (BsmI/TaqI/FokI/ApaI) conferred an increased risk for developing ASD (p = 0.022; odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 2.322 [1.105-4.879]). This is the first clinical study evaluating the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and VDR polymorphisms in children with ASD. Our results demonstrated a significant association between TaqI, BsmI, and FokI polymorphisms and ASD and showed for the first time that FokI polymorphisms and haplotype GTTT (BsmI/TaqI/FokI/ApaI) are associated with an increased risk of ASD. Our findings support the hypothesis that 25(OH)D is involved in the pathophysiology of autism and that serum 25(OH)D levels may be affected by FokI polymorphisms in children with ASD. Our results should be considered as preliminary and needs confirmation by future studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Other Psychiatric Symptoms in Parents of Children with ADHD(Kare Publ, 2012) Simsek, Seref; Gokcen, Cem; Fettahoglu, E. CigilObjective: The aim of this study is to investigate Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and other psychiatric symptoms of the parents of children with ADHD. Method: Mothers (n=34) and fathers (n=29) of 34 children with ADHD were included into the study group. Mothers (n=34) and fathers (n=31) of 34 children with no history of referral to a doctor due to previous psychological problems and for whom diagnoses of ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorder (DBD) according to DSM-IV were ruled out were assigned as the controls. The parents were given Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R) and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Scale (ADHD-A). Results: Parents from the patient group were found to have significantly more ADHD and psychiatric symptoms compared to parents from the control group. Conclusion: In the evaluation and treatment process of children with ADHD, it would be beneficial to monitor their parents in terms of adult ADHD and related co-morbid psychiatric conditions. It is suggested that treating parents would benefit in the improvement of ADHD symptoms in children.Öğe BDNF and cortisol levels in children with or without post-traumatic stress disorder after sustaining sexual abuse(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2015) Simsek, Seref; Uysal, Cem; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Yuksel, Tugba; Aktas, HuseyinObjective: There are studies reporting that cortisol and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) play a role in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, up-to-date no study evaluated the relationship between PTSD and the levels of cortisol and BDNF in children and adolescents who have sustained trauma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BDNF, cortisol and adrenocorticotropine (ACTH) levels differ between individuals who developed PTSD or not following a sexual trauma. Method: The study included 55 children aged between 6 and 17 years who sustained sexual assault (M/F: 13/42). The patients were divided into two groups, with or without PTSD based on the results of a structured psychiatric interview (K-SADS-PL and CAPS-CA). Of the participants, 49% (n = 27) were diagnosed with PTSD. Cortisol, ACTH, and BDNF levels were evaluated using the ELISA method. Results: There were no significant differences between patients with or without PTSD in terms of cortisol, ACTH, BDNF levels. There were no correlations between CAPS-CA scores and cortisol, ACTH, and BDNF levels in patients with or without PTSD. In patients with PTSD, decreased cortisol levels were found with increasing time after trauma, and no significant correlation was found with the cortisol levels in patients without PTSD. Conclusion: Although no significant association was found between biochemical parameters and the presence or severity of PTSD; decreasing cortisol levels with increasing time after trauma in patients with PTSD suggest that cortisol might have played a role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Cortisol and ACTH levels in drug-naive adolescents with first-episode early onset schizophrenia(Wiley, 2017) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Aktas, HuseyinThe aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in adolescents with first-episode early onset schizophrenia. A total of 23 adolescent patients, who did not receive prior therapy and who were diagnosed with psychosis according to DSM-IV, were included. Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, and Clinical Global Impression Scale were conducted with the participants. No significant differences were found between the patients and the control subjects in serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels (P>.05). Our study's findings do not support the hypothesis of increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in first-episode early onset schizophrenia.Öğe Cortisol and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels Prior to Treatment in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(Physicians Postgraduate Press, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Alaca, RumeysaObjective: In this study, we investigated serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol levels between children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) prior to treatment and healthy controls. In addition, the study aimed to assess any correlations between OCD symptom severity and BDNF, ACTH, and cortisol levels. Methods: Twenty-nine children, aged from 7 to 17 years (male/female: 21/8) and diagnosed with OCD according to DSM-IV prior to treatment, were compared with 25 healthy control subjects (male/female: 16/9). The study was conducted between December 2012 and December 2013. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) were administered to the children. BDNF, ACTH, and cortisol levels were detected using a prepared kit with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: BDNF, ACTH, and cortisol levels in the OCD group were significantly higher when compared with the control group (P=.02, P=.03, and P=.046, respectively). No association was detected between the severity and duration of OCD symptoms and BDNF, ACTH, and cortisol levels. CDI scores in both groups were similar. The mean (SD) duration of OCD symptoms was 17.9 (18.5) months. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that BDNF levels adaptively increase as a result of the damaging effects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity on brain tissue in the early stages of OCD. HPA axis abnormalities and BDNF may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. (C) Copyright 2016 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.Öğe DNA damage and antioxidants in treatment naive children with obsessive-compulsive disorder(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, TugbaThe current study aimed to investigate whether serum antioxidant levels and DNA damage differ between the children and adolescents with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and healthy controls. The study included 31 children (Male/Female, 22/9; age range 7-17 years), with treatment naive OCD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V (DSM-V) and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Children's Yale Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale (CY-BOC) was applied to the children. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), coenzyme Q (CoQ), and 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were all measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. GPx, CoQ and 8-OHdG levels were found to be significantly higher in the OCD group, compared to the control group (p=0.010, p=0.034, p=0.010, respectively); however, no significant difference was found in the SOD levels between two groups (p=0.10). There were no correlations between the CY-BOC scores, depression scores, duration of the disease and biochemical parameters (p > 0.05, for all). Children with OCD were found to have higher antioxidant levels and oxidative DNA damage. The findings of this study support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of OCD. In this regard, any possible effect of adding antioxidants to conventional treatment can be investigated. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.Öğe Effects of Gluten-Free Diet on Quality of Life and Depression in Children With Celiac Disease(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015) Simsek, Seref; Baysoy, Gokhan; Gencoglan, Salih; Uluca, UnalObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of depression and quality of life in children with celiac disease (CD). In addition, it aimed to examine the relations of depression level and life quality with adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). Methods: Twenty-five children with CD and 25 healthy controls were included. The Depression Scale for Children and the General Purpose Health-Related Quality of Life Scale for Children were performed on patients before and after receiving recommendations to follow a GFD. Results: No significant differences were found in the depression scores between the patients and the control subjects (P>0.05). In contrast, total scores and scores of the emotional well-being subscale of the measure of Quality of Life Scale for Children were significantly lower in patients with CD compared with the control group (P<0.05). No significant improvements were observed in depression or life quality scores of the total subsample of celiac patients, all of whom received a recommendation to follow a GFD (P>0.05). Significant decrease was observed in the depression scores, however, of celiac patients who were able to actually adhere to the GFD compared with nonadherent patients. Conclusions: CD negatively affected quality of life in children. Adherence to GFD was associated with reduction in depression symptoms. Improving the adherence of celiac patients to a GFD may have a favorable effect on their depression symptoms.Öğe Elevated serum ubiquitin-proteasome pathway related molecule levels in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2017) Cetin, Ihsan; Bulut, Hamdullah; Simsek, SerefIntroduction: We aimed to determine the serum levels of transactive response of DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), which are ubiquitin-proteasome pathway related molecules and have not been investigated so far, in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The study group was composed of thirty children aged between 6 and 10. They were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria. They were the subjects who applied to Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Child Psychiatry in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Children with ADHD were assessed via Turgay DSM-IV Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale and Stroop test. Serum TDP-43 and UCH-L1 levels were analysed with enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Results: The TDP-43 and UCH-L1 serum levels of children with ADHD were found to be statistically significantly higher than those of controls. On the other hand, we found that serum levels of TDP-43 correlated with interference effect and hyperactivity-impulsivity in children with ADHD. Conclusion: Imbalances in serum UCH-L1 and TDP-43 levels, and the correlation of TDP-43 levels with clinical parameters in children with ADHD may suggest that ubiquitin--proteasome pathway alterations are associated with ADHD. Deterioration of this pathway may cause intracellular TDP-43 aggregation.Öğe Evaluation of the Relationship between Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels and the Stroop Interference Effect in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(Aves, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Aktas, Huseyin; Alaca, RumeysaIntroduction: Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, impairment in executive functions has been reported in children with ADHD. This study investigated the presence of a relationship between Stroop test scores and BDNF levels in children with ADHD. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry at Dicle University. The study included 49 children between 6 and 15 years of age (M/F: 42/7), who were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV, and who did not receive previous therapy. Similar in terms of age and gender to the ADHD group, 40 children were selected in the control group. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version was administered to all participants. Parents and teachers were administered Turgay DSM-IV-based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale to measure symptom severity in children with ADHD. Children with ADHD underwent the Stroop test. BDNF levels were evaluated in serum by ELISA. Results: The ADHD and control groups did not differ in terms of BDNF levels. BDNF levels did not differ between ADHD subtypes. There was also no relationship between the Stroop test interference scores and BDNF levels. Conclusion: The findings of the present study are in line with those in studies that demonstrated no significant role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of ADHD.Öğe Examining the levels of BDNF and cortisol in children and adolescent victims of sexual abuse-a preliminary study(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2015) Simsek, Seref; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Uysal, Cem; Alaca, RumeysaBackground: Previous reports have suggested the biological and psychological effects of trauma induced by cortisol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The present study compared the levels of BDNF, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in children and adolescent victims of sexual abuse to those without a trauma history. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry at Dicle University. The study included 44 children (M/F: 12/32) aged between 8 and 17 years who experienced sexual abuse with 42 age-and gender-matched children who did not have a history of trauma. Cortisol, ACTH, and BDNF levels were measured using ELISA. Results: Cortisol levels were higher and BDNF levels were significantly lower in the victims of sexual abuse compared to the control group. The mean time that elapsed from the initial sexual abuse occurrence until the date of examination was 22.7+/-21.7 months. The evaluation of the relationship between this time span and cortisol levels revealed that cortisol levels decreased with increasing time after trauma. Cortisol and BDNF levels were lower in the victims who experienced multiple sexual assaults. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that cortisol and BDNF could be biological molecular mediators of the effects of trauma on biological and psychological systems. This is the first report on the effects of cortisol and BDNF induced trauma in child and adolescent victims of sexual abuse. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The Levels of Cortisol and Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Child and Adolescent Victims of Sexual Abuse with or without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder(Korean Neuropsychiatric Assoc, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Uysal, Cem; Aktas, HuseyinObjective The aim of this study was to investigate whether cortisol and oxidative stress levels and DNA damage differ between individuals who developed PTSD or not following a sexual trauma. Methods The study included 61 children aged between 5 and 17 years who sustained sexual abuse (M/F: 18/43). The patients were divided into two groups: patients with PTSD and patients without PTSD based, based on the results of a structured psychiatric interview (K-SADS-PL and CAPS-CA). Cortisol, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), coenzyme Q 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were all evaluated by the ELISA method. Results Our evaluation revealed a diagnosis of PTSD in 51% (n=31) of victims. There was no significant difference between the groups with or without PTSD in terms of cortisol, GPx, SOD, coenzyme Q, and 8-OHdG levels. There was no correlation between CAPS scores and GPx, SOD, coenzyme Q, and 8-OHdG levels between patients with or without PTSD. In patients with PTSD, both cortisol and 8-OHdG levels decreased with increasing time after trauma, and there was no significant correlation with cortisol and 8-OHdG levels in patients without PTSD. Conclusion Although the present study did not find any difference between the groups in terms of 8-OHdG concentrations, the decreases in both cortisol and 8-OHdG levels with increasing time after trauma is considered to indicate a relationship between cortisol and DNA damage.Öğe The Levels of Cortisol, Oxidative Stress, and DNA Damage in the Victims of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Preliminary Study(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Uysal, Cem; Yuksel, Tugba; Alaca, RumeysaIn this study we aimed to investigate serum cortisol, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in children who are sexual abuse victims. The study included 38 children who sustained child sexual abuse and 38 age- and gender-matched children who did not have a history of trauma. Cortisol levels reflecting the status of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, anti-oxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, natural anti-oxidant coenzyme Q, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine as the indicator of DNA damage were analyzed in serum samples using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in the child sexual abuse group compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels decreased as the time elapsed since the sexual abuse increased. Coenzyme Q level was lower in victims who sustained multiple assaults than in the victims of a single assault. Cortisol and superoxide dismutase levels were lower in the victims of familial sexual abuse. Decreases in cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels as time elapsed may be an adaptation to the toxic effects of high cortisol levels over a prolonged period of time. Child sexual abuse did not result in oxidative stress and DNA damage; however, some features of sexual abuse raised the level of oxidative stress.Öğe Lower Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels in Untreated Adolescents With First-Episode Psychosis(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Aktas, HuseyinObjective Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the relationship between early onset schizophrenia and BDNF has not been extensively studied. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of BDNF between adolescent patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the healthy control subjects. Method The study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry at Dicle University. A total of 26 adolescent patients aged between 11 and 17 years who had not received previous therapy and whose conditions were diagnosed with psychosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy adolescent control subjects were included. Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version, and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale were conducted with all participants. The clinical global impression was used to evaluate disease severity. The BDNF levels were measured in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results The mean (SD) age was 14.6 (1.6) years in both FEP group (male/female, 11/15) and the control group (P > 0.05). The FEP group had significantly lower serum BDNF levels (2.0 1.9 ng/mL) compared with the control group (3.4 +/- 3.0 ng/mL, P = 0.03). There was no significant relationship between BDNF concentration and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (positive and negative scores) scores (r = -0.14, P = 0.74 and r = 0.49, P = 0.22, respectively). There was no significant relationship between the duration of untreated psychosis and serum BDNF levels (r = -0.22, P = 0.32). Conclusions High incidence of schizophrenia in patients with FEP suggests a relationship between BDNF levels and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We suggest that BDNF may be a useful neurobiological marker of early onset schizophrenia.Öğe Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Untreated First-Episode Psychosis in Adolescents(Karger, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Alaca, Rumeysa; Aktas, HuseyinObjective: Oxidative stress has been reported to play a role in the psychopathology of schizophrenia, though only a few studies have investigated the relationship between early onset schizophrenia and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of oxidative stress and the presence of DNA damage in first-episode psychosis (FEP) in adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry of the Dicle University Hospital. It included 20 adolescent patients (age 11-17 years) with psychosis (acute psychosis, schizophreniform disorder, or schizophrenia) according to DSM-IV criteria who had received no previous psychiatric therapy (patient group) and 20 age/gender-matched healthy adolescents (control group). Structured psychiatric interviews [Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS)] were conducted on the patients, and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale was used to evaluate the severity of disease. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), coenzyme Q (CoQ), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were determined using the ELISA method and commercial ELISA kits. Results: The mean age was 14.5 +/- 1.6 years in the FEP group (male-to-female ratio: 8/12) and 14.4 +/- 1.5 years in the control group (male-to-female ratio: 8/12). There were no differences between the patient and control groups in terms of SOD, GPx, or 8-OHdG values (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study on DNA damage and oxidative stress in FEP in adolescents had a small sample size, and our data suggest that oxidative stress is associated with a chronic disease course rather than being an early sign of early-onset schizophrenia. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, BaselÖğe Quality of Life, Alexithymia, Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Mothers of Children with Atopic Dermatitis(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Tuncel, Tuba; Yuksel, Tugba; Cetemen, Aysen; Gurkan, M. FuatObjective: The mothers of children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD) may be impacted in many different ways. Aim of the present study was to compare quality of life, anxiety, depression, and alexithymia symptoms between mothers of children diagnosed with AD and mothers of healthy children. Method: The study included 34 mothers of children who were diagnosed with AD between June 2012 and July 2013 and 35 mothers of healthy children. In the study, Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey was used to evaluate quality of life, while the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was used to evaluate alexithymia level, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to evaluate anxiety symptoms, and the Beck Depression Scale (BDS) was used to evaluate depression symptoms. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the mothers of AD patients and control subjects in terms of quality of life, anxiety, depression, and alexithymia. In addition, there was no significant difference in disease severity or symptoms scale scores between the two groups. Conclusion: These results may suggest that mothers' mental health is not affected in the early stage of the disease. In later stages of the disease, mothers of children with AD may become psychologically affected. Longterm follow up studies are required to clarify this distinction.Öğe Serum IL-4 and IL-10 Levels Correlate with the Symptoms of the Drug-Naive Adolescents with First Episode, Early Onset Schizophrenia(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Yildirim, Veli; Cim, Abdullah; Kaya, SavasObjective: In this study, it was aimed to understand the underlying possible immunopathogenesis of first episode, early onset schizophrenia (EOS) through profiling the T helper 1 (Th-1) cell cytokines TNF-, IFN-, and IL-2, Th-2 cell cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, Th-17 cell cytokine IL-17A, and inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Methods: The study included a total of 30 children, admitted to child psychiatry outpatient clinic aged between 10 and 17 years of age, who had not received prior therapy and were diagnosed with psychosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) as the patient group, and 26 age- and gender-matched children as the control group. Structured psychiatric interviews (K-SADS-PL and PANSS) were conducted with all participants. The BD Cytokine Bead Array Human Th-1/Th-2/Th-17 Cytokine Kit is used for the measurement of serum cytokines, for example, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-, and IFN-. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-, and IFN- levels (p>0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between IL-10 and IL-4 with negative symptoms of EOS (r=-0.65, p=0.02 and r=0.67, p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: IL4 and IL-10 levels have a relationship with negative symptoms of disease. Therefore, this study might suggest that immunological processes might have a role in the disease pathophysiology.
