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    Evaluation, characterization, and engine performance of complementary fuel blends of butanol-biodiesel-diesel fromAleurites moluccanusas potential alternative fuels for CI engines
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Atabani, A. E.; Mekaoussi, M.; Uguz, Gediz; Arpa, Orhan; Ayanoglu, Abdulkadir; Shobana, Sutha
    Biodiesel has gained worldwide attention due to its renewable aspects. However, it needs more quality improvement. Recently, butanol has been considered as a favorable alternative fuel or additive over methanol and ethanol in compression ignition (CI) engines. In this regard, the present work deals with the evaluation of butanol-diesel-biodiesel blends as potential alternative fuels. In this work, biodiesel has been produced fromAleurites moluccanusoil followed by blending with Euro-diesel and butanol. Important characteristics such as kinematic viscosity, density and cloud point besides FT-IR, UV-vis spectra, TGA, DSC and NMR (C-13 and(1)H) were analyzed. Some important engine and emission performance parameters, such as BP, BSFC, CO, HC, NO(x)and EGT were also studied in this work. Results revealed that blending butanol and Euro-diesel with biodiesel improves the properties of pure biodiesel such as kinematic viscosity (2.41-3.55 mm(2)/s) and density (841.8-884.6 kg/m(3)), while maintaining an acceptable range for cold flow properties that are analogous to Euro-diesel. In addition, reduction in BP (24.65-26.35%), HC (52.57-38.71%), and CO (39.18-30.4%) was observed for all the blends at full load compared to Euro-diesel. However, increases in both BSFC (38.17-41.14%) and NOx(24.18-8.35%) were observed. Overall, the blends appear to be good alternatives to biodiesel-diesel blends. Thus, butanol-biodiesel-diesel blends can be considered as potential sustainable fuels for fossil diesel.
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    Fuels properties, characterizations and engine and emission performance analyses of ternary waste cooking oil biodiesel-diesel-propanol blends
    (Elsevier, 2019) Bencheikh, Kamel; Atabani, A. E.; Shobana, Sutha; Mohammed, M. N.; Uguz, Gediz; Arpa, Orhan; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan
    Application of biodiesel synthesized from waste-based raw materials with numerous solvents (higher chain alcohols) in diesel engines is a topic of great interest. This article examines the effect of biodiesel-diesel-propanol ternary blends. Physio-chemical properties, fatty acids composition (FAC), FT-IR, TGA, DSC, NMR along with some selected engine and emissions performance parameters were examined. Biodiesel was produced from waste cooking oil and exhibits excellent FAC that yields kinematic viscosity, cetane number, oxidation stability, higher heating value and iodine value of 3.93mm(2)/s, 58.88, 7.43 h, 39.45 MJ/kg and 64.92 g/100 g. Propanol blended biodiesel depicted an affirmative improvement in cold flow properties and decremented density. FT-IR and NMR results confirms the existence of biodiesel-diesel-propanol and prove their qualities as reliable methods. DSC and TGA results confirm that propanol reduces the onset and crystallization temperatures of the blends. Engine and emissions performance revealed that propanol addition further increased brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and reduced carbon monoxide (CO), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke. This study proves the feasibility of the ternary blends with rewarding benefits in cold flow properties and densities besides acceptable engine and emissions performance results.