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Öğe Evaluation of total oxidative status in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its diagnostic implications(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Selek, Salih; Bulut, Mahmut; Ocak, Ali Riza; Kalenderoglu, Aysun; Savas, Haluk A.Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (A-ADHD) is one of the psychiatric disorders which awareness is growing. The exact causes of A-ADHD are still unknown. In addition to neurochemical and neuroanatomic disorders, genetic and environmental factors are discussed in its etiology. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the oxidative status of A-ADHD patients and investigate whether oxidative metabolites can be used as diagnostic tools or not in A-ADHD. Blood samples were taken from enrolled 50 A-ADHD patients and 31 controls in appropriate way and Total Antioxidative Status (TAS), Total Oxidative Status (TOS), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) were studied in Harran University Biochemistry Labs. Results were compared between groups and ROC curve was drawn in order to evaluate diagnostic performances. Patients' TAS, TOS and OSI were significantly higher than controls. There was not a significant difference between comorbid cases and only A-ADHD patients in terms of measured values. A-ADHD can be predicted for TOS over 9.8575 mu mol H2O2 Eqv./L level with 86% positive predictive value and %100 negative predictive value. In A-ADHD, oxidative balance is impaired. High antioxidant levels may be compensatory against the oxidant increase. Oxidative parameters may be used in A-ADHD diagnosis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe High catalase and low thiol levels in adult- ADHD patients(2014) Bulut, Mahmut; Selek, Salih; Gergerlioğlu, Hasan Serdar; Savaş, Haluk Asuman; Vırıt, Osman; Alpak, Gökay; Ünal, Ahmetmaç: Erişkin dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğunun (E-DEHB) yaygınlığı %5 olarak tahminedilmektedir. DEHB etyolojisine ilişkin bir çok hipotez vardır. Çocukluk çağı DEHB’nin nörobiyolojisine ilişkin bir çok araştırma yapılmış olmasına rağmen E-DEHB çalışmaları nispeten azdır. Birçok çalışmada oksidanaracılı nöronal hasarın birçok psikiyatrik hastalığınpatofizyolojisinde rol oynayabileceği belirtilmiştir. Daha önce E-DEHB’de oksidatif stres çalışılmış ve sonuçlarbu rolü desteklemektedir. Bu çalışmada E-DEHBhastalarında katalaz (KAT) ve tiyol sevilerini çalışmayı vesağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: İki psikiyatrist tarafından uygulanan Erişkin DEH/DEHB DSM IV-Dayalı Tanı Tarama ve Ölçme Testinin Turgay’ın Türkçe versiyonuna göre tanı alan 25 E-DEHB hastası ve 25 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edildi. Denekler kesinlikle kan alımı öncesindeki günün 20:00’dansonra herhangi bir madde alımı ve fiziksel egzersizden men edildiler. KAT ve tiyol çalışma gruplarının plazmaörneklerinden ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Hasta ve kontrollerin yaş, cinsiyet, ve bedenkütle endeksleri homojenlik göstermiştir ve gruplar arasında fark yoktu. Toplam puan ve alt ölçek skorları ile belirtilen biyokimyasal parametreler arasında herhangibir ilişki olmadığı saptandı. Hasta grubunda kontrolgrubuna göre ortalama KAT düzeyleri daha yüksekve Tiyolle düzeyleri daha düşüktü (sırasıyla; <0.001, <0.001). Psikiyatrik ekhastalığı olan hastalarla saf E-DEHB hastaları KAT (sırasıyla; 11.49±0.28, 11.51±0.40) ve tiyol (sırasıyla; 0.22±0.05, 0.25±0.03) seviyeleri açısından karşılaştırıldığında herhangi bir fark tespit edilmedi (sırasıyla; 0.865, 0.174).Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları tiyol sevilerindekidüşüşün KAT seviyelerindeki yüksekliğine bir tepki sonucu olduğu ve tiyolün çalışmamızda pro-oksidangibi davrandığı işaret ediyor olabilir. Bu çalışma E-DEHBve oksidatif stres arasındaki ilişkiyi aydınlatmak içinyapılmış ilk aşama çalışmalarından biri olarak kabuledilebilir. Bu ilişkiyi net olarak ortaya koyacak ileriçalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Öğe High Catalase and Low Thiol Levels in Adult-ADHD Patients(Kure Iletisim Grubu A S, 2014) Alpak, Gokay; Selek, Salih; Bulut, Mahmut; Bulbul, Feridun; Unal, Ahmet; Virit, Osman; Kilic, Osman Hasan TahsinObjective: The prevalence of Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (A-ADHD) has been estimated as to be around 5%. There are several hypotheses regarding the etiology of ADHD. Although numerous researches have been conducted regarding neurobiology of pediatric ADHD, A-ADHD studies were relatively few. Many studies have indicated that oxidant mediated neuronal damage may play a role in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders. Recently, oxidative stress has been studied in A-ADHD and there is an accumulating evidence to support its' role. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate catalase (CAT) and thiol levels in A-ADHD patients and compare with healthy controls. Materials-Methods: Twenty-five A-ADHD patients from Gaziantep University, diagnosed according to Turgay's Turkish version of Adult ADD/ADHD DSM IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale by two psychiatrists, and 25 healthy volunteer controls were included. The subjects strictly refrained from any substance intake and physical exercise after 08:00 p.m. on the day before collection. CAT and Thiol levels were measured in plasma samples of study groups. Results: Age, gender, and body mass indexes of patients and controls have shown homogeneity and there were no differences between the groups. Total score and subscores were not correlated with any of the mentioned biochemical parameters. The mean CAT levels in patients with ADHD were significantly higher and Thiol levels were lower than those of controls (<0.001, <0.001, respectively). When the comorbid patient group compared with pure A-ADHD patients in terms of CAT (11.49 +/- 0.28, 11.51 +/- 0.40, respectively) and thiol (0.22 +/- 0.05, 0.25 +/- 0.03, respectively) levels there were not found any significant differences (p=0.865, p=0.174, respectively). Conclusions: The results of the present study may indicate that thiol levels may be decreased with in reaction of increased CAT levels and thiol act like a pro-oxidant. This study may be considered as one of the initial phase studies that lighten the relationship between oxidative stress and A-ADHD.There is a need for further studies that will prove this relationship exactly.Öğe Lack of Association Between COMT Gene Polymorphism and Treatment Outcome in Major Depression(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2011) Selek, Salih; Kaya, Mehmet C.; Erdal, Mehmet Emin; Bulut, Mahmut; Ozen, Murat Eren; Yumru, Mehmet; Barlas, OmerBackground & Aim: Abnormal activity of Catechol-Omethyl transferase (COMT), as a major degrading enzyme of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters may be enrolled in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between COMT genetic polymorphism and major depression patients. Method: The study included 137 unrelated major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 153 healthy unrelated controls, all were of Turkish origin. The patients were treated with antidepressant drugs for 8 weeks. All patients were assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) before and after the antidepressant treatment. The analysis of COMT G1947A polymorphism was performed using PCR based endonuclease digestion method. Results: No significant difference was found between MDD and control subjects. In the MDD patients, there was no relationship between duration of illness, and pretreatment HDRS scores in respect to COMT gene polymorphism. The distribution of COMT genotypes and alleles was not significantly different among the controls and MDD patients. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that distribution of COMT genetic polymorphism were not different significantly between the patients and controls. No allele was found to be a predictor for treatment outcome by antidepressant therapy or for clinical manifestations in MDD.Öğe Lipid peroxidation markers in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: New findings for oxidative stress(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2013) Bulut, Mahmut; Selek, Salih; Bez, Yasin; Kaya, Mehmet Cemal; Gunes, Mehmet; Karababa, Fatih; Celik, HakimMalondialdehyde (MDA) is a reliable marker of lipid peroxidation where paraoxonase and arylesterase are two enzymes against it. Although increased MDA has been previously shown in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (A-ADHD), levels of paraoxonase and arylesterase enzymes have not been studied yet. We aimed to determine the status of both MDA level and paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities in A-ADHD patients. A total of 35 adults with ADHD diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria and 29 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum MDA, paraoxonase and arylesterase levels of the participants were measured. The disease severity of the patients was determined by using Turgay's Adult Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD) DSM IV Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale. The serum MDA level of patients was significantly higher than that of healthy control subjects, whereas their paraoxonase and arylesterase levels were significantly lower. There was no correlation between the levels of biochemical parameters (MDA, paraoxonase and arylesterase) and the disease severity. Sub-types of A-ADHD were similar in terms of these biochemical parameters. Increased lipid peroxidation, a part of oxidative stress, in adults with ADHD appears to be unbuffered by antioxidant enzymes, namely paraoxonase and arylesterase. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe No Effect of Antidepressant Treatment on Elevated Serum Ceruloplasmin Level in Patients with First-Episode Depression: A Longitidunal Study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2012) Kaya, Mehmet Cemal; Bez, Yasin; Selek, Salih; Karababa, Ibrahim Fatih; Bulut, Mahmut; Savas, Haluk A.; Celik, HakimBackground and Aims. Ceruloplasmin, an acute phase reactant with antioxidant capacity, has been found to be increased in some psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder. However, studies in depression are very scarce. We under-took this study determine the serum ceruloplasmin levels of depressive patients before and after treatment, to compare them with those of healthy control subjects, and to assess any possible association of ceruloplasmin and treatment response. Methods. Nineteen (8 male, 11 female) patients with major depressive disorder and 40 (17 male, 23 female) healthy control subjects were included in the study. The patients received naturalistic antidepressant treatment for 8 weeks after diagnosis. Serum ceruloplasmin levels and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores of the patients were measured before and after their antidepressant treatment. Blood collection for ceruloplasmin measurement was done only once for healthy control subjects. Results. Patients' ceruloplasmin levels before and after antidepressant treatment were significantly higher than control subjects (t = 7.569, p < 0.001 and t = 6.764, p < 0.001, respectively). Despite clinical improvement, ceruloplasmin did not show any significant change after treatment in patients with depression (t = -1.163, p = 0.260) and remained higher than levels of control subjects. No correlation was found between HAM-D score, presence of response, and ceruloplasmin levels. Conclusions. Compared to healthy control subjects, ceruloplasmin level seemed to be higher in patients with depression and remained high, despite acute antidepressant treatment. Improvement in clinical measurements of depression after antidepressant treatment was not reflected as significant alterations in serum ceruloplasmin levels. (C) 2012 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc.Öğe Reduced PON1 enzymatic activity and increased lipid hydroperoxide levels that point out oxidative stress in generalized anxiety disorder(Elsevier, 2013) Bulut, Mahmut; Selek, Salih; Bez, Yasin; Karababa, Ibrahim Fatih; Kaya, Mehmet Cemal; Gunes, Mehmet; Emhan, AliIn recent years, there has been an increasing focus on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) which is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in general population. Psychological, genetic, neurobiological, and neurochemical factors are believed to play role in the etiopathogenesis of GAD. The role of oxidative stress, as a neurochemical cause, in various anxiety disorders has been studied in recent years; however, it has not been thoroughly studied in GAD, yet. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the serum levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), paraoxonase, and arylesterase in GAD patients without any co-morbid psychiatric disorders and investigate their diagnostic performance. Blood samples were collected from 40 GAD patients and 40 healthy control subjects to measure their serum LOON levels, arylesterase and paraoxonase activities. Obtained results have been compared between groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve has been drawn for diagnostic performance of measured biochemical markers. Positive and negative predictive values have been estimated where appropriate. Mean LOOH level of the GAD patients was significantly higher than that of control subjects (t=-549, p<0.001), whereas, mean paraoxonase activity was lower in these patients (t=3.056, p=003), GAD could be predicted for LOON level over 7.740 mu mol/l with 92.5% positive predictive value and 92% negative predictive value. Increased LOON level and decreased paraoxonase activity of GAD patients may suggest increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in these patients. LOON levels may be a state marker for diagnosing GAD. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe The relationship of oxidative metabolism to treatment response in major depression: A biological basis for treatment duration(2012) Selek, Salih; Dalkılıç, Alican; Kaya, Mehmet Cemal; Savaş, Haluk Asuman; Bez, Yasin; Çelik, Hakim; Erel, Özcan; 0000-0001-5197-5682; 0000-0002-2996-3236; 0000-0003-4357-8809Background: We aimed to determine the relationship between antidepressant treatment and oxidative metabolism in patients with major depression. Materials and methods: Two groups, the patients diagnosed with depression (N = 21), and healthy controls (N = 40), were enrolled in the study. The patients received naturalistic antidepressant treatment. Serum samples were collected prior to treatment and at the end of the 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Those participants in the control group were sampled only once. The total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Severity of depression in patients was also measured both prior to and after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Results: In terms of TAS, TOS, and OSI there were significant differences between the groups both at the baseline. Baseline and final HAM-D scores of the patient group differed significantly. The baseline TAS, TOS, and OSI levels of patients did not change significantly after antidepressant treatment. The duration of illness was not correlated with baseline serum levels of TAS, TOS, and OSI. Patients who were deemed to be unresponsive to the antidepressant treatment differed significantly from the controls both at the baseline and at the final visit for TAS, TOS, and OSI. Additionally, treatment responsive patients did not show any similar difference in terms of TOS and OSI levels. Discussion: Chronic increase in anti-oxidant and oxidant levels in patients with major depression may be related to the elevation of anti-oxidant defenses that were developed in response to increased oxidative metabolism.
