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    Adsorptive efficacy analysis of novel carbonaceous sorbent derived from grape industrial processing wastes towards tetracycline in aqueous solution
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Guzel, Fuat; Saygili, Hasan
    In present study, a new activated carbon (GPAC) obtained by ZnCl2 activation from grape industrial processing pulps (GP) under optimized conditions, was adopted as an adsorbent to remove tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments tested the effects of adsorbent dose, initial concentration, contact time and temperature on adsorption properties at the natural pH of TC in the aqueous medium. The experiments indicated that the pseudo-second order model was good fit to the kinetic data and the adsorption equilibrium data were better simulated by the Langmuir model. Maximum adsorption capacity was found as 625 mg/g at pH 5.7 and 35 degrees C. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. (C) 2015 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Behavior of mesoporous activated carbon used as a remover in Congo red adsorption process
    (Iwa Publishing, 2018) Saygili, Hasan; Guzel, Fuat
    The adsorption characteristics of Congo red (CR) dye on activated carbon produced under optimized conditions from tomato paste waste were evaluated. The effects of adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, ionic strength and solution temperature on adsorption were investigated. Adsorption kinetic was better described by the pseudo-first order model. Results of the intra-particle diffusion model show that the pore diffusion is not the only rate-limiting step. Adsorption isotherm was well defined by the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon was 435 mg g(-1) at 328 K. The dimensionless separation factor RL revealed the favorable nature of the isotherm of the activated carbon-dye system. Adsorption energy was found to be 4.20-4.55 kJ mol(-1) indicating that the mechanism of adsorption is physical in nature. Thermodynamic studies showed that CR adsorption onto activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Desorption of the used activated carbon was studied using ethanol as solvent and desorption efficiency of 56.4% was obtained after five cycles. The findings indicated that the activated carbon is a very effective and low-cost adsorbent for removal of CR dye from aqueous solutions.
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    Conversion of grape industrial processing waste to activated carbon sorbent and its performance in cationic and anionic dyes adsorption
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Saygili, Hasan; Guzel, Fuat; Onal, Yunus
    Grape processing industry waste was used as a novel precursor for the production of a low-cost activated carbon with zinc chloride chemical activation. The effects of the production variables, such as impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time on the some textural properties were investigated. The optimal activated carbon which had the highest surface area and pore volume was obtained by these conditions as follows: 6:1 impregnation ratio, 600 degrees C activation temperature and 60 min activation time. The optimum conditions resulted in an activated carbon with a carbon content of 81.76% and a yield of 44.13%, while the surface area of 1455 m(2)/g, with the total pore volume of 2.318 cm(3)/g, mesoporosity of 94.61% and average pore diameter of 6.81 nm. These results showed that the grape wastes seemed to be an alternative precursor for the commercial activated carbon productions. The adsorptive property was tested using Methylene blue and Metanil yellow dyes. The adsorption behaviors for both dyes were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, showing a monolayer adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g and 386 mg/g for Methylene blue and Metanil yellow, respectively. This study demonstrated that produced optimal activated carbon could be employed as an efficient cleaner to compare with the commercial ones for the removal cationic and anionic dyes from wastewater. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Development and physicochemical characterization of a new magnetic nanocomposite as an economic antibiotic remover
    (Inst Chemical Engineers, 2015) Saygili, Gulbahar Akkaya; Saygili, Hasan; Koyuncu, Filiz; Guzel, Fuat
    Maghemite (T-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were impregnated to nanoporous carbon obtained from tomato waste (TWNC). The prepared magnetic composite (MTWNC) was characterized and used to remove tetracycline (TC) from water and then easily be separated from the medium by a magnetic technique. The morphologies and surface chemistries of both magnetic and non-magnetic nanoporous carbons were studied by FTIR, XRD, SEM, SEM-EDX, VSM, BET surface area, proximate and elemental analysis determinations. Batch adsorption studies were carried out and the effects of pH, initial TC concentration, adsorbent dose, ionic strength and temperature were investigated. The adsorption kinetics of TC on MTWNC could be expressed well by the pseudo-second order model, and sorption isotherms were described by Langmuir equation with maximum adsorption capacity of 60.60 mg/g at pH 4 and 50 degrees C. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of TC onto MTWNC was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the recyclability of the adsorbent was tested with 0.01M NaOH solution, and the results show that the synthesized composite adsorbent could be employed repeatedly in wastewater treatment. (C) 2014 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Effective removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) industrial processing waste
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2016) Saygili, Hasan; Guzel, Fuat
    Activated carbon (TAC) prepared under optimized conditions with ZnCl2 activation from a new precursor; tomato industrial processing waste (TW), was applied as an adsorbent to remove tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solution. The factors (TAC dosage, initial TC concentration, contact time, ionic strength and solution temperature) affecting the adsorption process were examined at natural pH (5.7) of TAC-TC system in aqueous solution. Kinetic data was found to be best complied by the pseudo-second order model. The isotherm analysis indicated that the equilibrium data could be represented by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was identified as 500.0 mg g(-1) at 308 K. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Elimination of anionic dye by using nanoporous carbon prepared from an industrial biowaste
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Guzel, Fuat; Saygili, Hasan; Saygili, Gulbahar Akkaya; Koyuncu, Filiz
    The preparation of nanoporous carbon from tomato waste (TWNC), and its ability to remove Orange II (OII) dye were reported. The TWNC was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer Teller surface area (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The effects of initial concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature were investigated. The kinetic data followed a pseudo-first order model. The mechanism of the process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. The isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption data could be represented by the Langmuir model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was determined as 312.5 mg g(-1), under determined optimum conditions of variables (pH 2.0, adsorbent dosage 0.1 g L-1, contact time 180 mm and temperature 50 degrees C). Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The results indicate that TWNC can be employed as low-cost alternative to expensive commercial activated carbon for treatment of industrial wastewater containing OIL. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Fabrication of a magnetic hydrochar composite via an in situ one-pot hydrocarbonization strategy for efficient herbicide removal
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2022) Saygili, Gulbahar Akkaya; Saygili, Hasan
    This study explores the feasibility of the production of a new bioproduct from an abundantly available waste material to enhance resource recovery opportunities. A novel magnetic hydrochar was produced via hydrothermal carbonization of pomegranate waste (PW). The hydrothermal carbonization process needs to be optimized, hence we have investigated the effects of residence temperature (RT; 180-220 degrees C) and residence time (Rt; 6-24 h) on the hydrochar characteristics such as atomic carbon content, energy density and higher heating values. The optimum conditions were determined as 220 degrees C and 12 h and the synchronous carbonization and magnetization of PW were fulfilled under the aforementioned conditions by a one-step hydrothermal process. This new magnetic material (Fe@PWHC) was featured by exhaustive spectral analyses including XRF, XPS, XRD, SEM/EDX, FTIR, Raman and VSM measurements and then tested for its adsorption ability towards 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The formation mechanism of magnetic hydrochar was elucidated and the plausible uptake mechanism of 2,4-D by Fe@PWHC was also discussed. Freundlich model satisfactorily explains the adsorption process when compared to the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic studies revealed the endothermic spontaneous adsorption of 2,4-D. Good adsorption potential for 2,4-D (qmax: 101.10 mg/g) and easy separable feature of Fe@PWHC reveals that it could be a cost-effective, effectual and green adsorbent for decontamination of 2,4-D bearing water.
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    High surface area mesoporous activated carbon from tomato processing solid waste by zinc chloride activation: process optimization, characterization and dyes adsorption
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Saygili, Hasan; Guzel, Fuat
    The aim of this study is to produce the activated carbon at optimum production conditions from the tomato processing waste by ZnCl2 activation. The influences of the production variables, such as impregnation ratio, carbonization temperature, and carbonization time on the some pore characteristics of produced carbons have been investigated, and the best production conditions were determined. The optimal activated carbon which had the highest surface area and pore volume was obtained by these conditions as follows: 6:1 impregnation ratio, 600 degrees C carbonization temperature and 1 h carbonization time. The optimum conditions resulted in an activated carbon with a carbon content of 53.92% and a yield of 38.20%, while the surface area of 1093 m(2)/g, with the total pore volume of 1.569 cm(3)/g, mesoporosity of 91.78% and average pore diameter of 5.92 nm. It was characterized by some physical and chemical techniques. Its adsorptive performance was tested using methylene blue and metanil yellow dyes. The adsorption behavior was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, showing a maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue and metanil yellow of 400 mg/g and 385 mg/g, respectively. The results revealed the potential use of optimal activated carbon for removal of cationic and anionic dyes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Hydrothermal co-carbonization of hazelnut and pistachio shells to hydrochar as potential energy source: Synergistic effects of process parameters on hydrochar characteristics
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Saygili, Gulbahar Akkaya; Saygili, Hasan
    The synergistic effects of co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of hazelnut and pistachio shells (HS and PS) were aimed to explore and the impacts of blending ratio of feedstocks and retention time on hydrochar characteristics were studied in detail. A remarkable synergistic increment revealed in terms of the mass yield, energy content, and carbon and nitrogen retentions. The higher energy parameters of co-hydrochars showed that coHTC application upgraded the fuel quality of the product. The support of co-HTC process for development of aromaticity and surface enriched with oxygenated functional groups was verified with FTIR spectrum. Anionic and cationic dye adsorptions were conducted to test the removal ability of both single and co-hydrochars. The possible adsorption mechanisms of the dyes were elucidated. This comprehensive research demonstrated that coHTC of HS and PS could be a promising pathway for designing high-performance products for energy and environmental fields.
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    Hydrothermal conversion of lignocellulosic waste to value-added biomaterial for high-performance contaminant removal: Focusing on synthesis route and uptake mechanism
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2022) Saygili, Guelbahar Akkaya; Saygili, Hasan
    In this paper, a novel carbonaceous material was successfully synthesized from lignocellulosic waste by a green conversion technology. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) pulp waste (PPW) was transformed to hydrochar (PPWHC) through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and the key affecting factors including the holding temperature (HT; 180-220 C) and holding time (Ht; 6-24 h) were explored. The physico-chemical, structural, functional, morphological properties were discussed by C-13 NMR, BET, XRD, XPS, SEM/EDX, FT-IR, Raman, and CHNS elemental analysis. Based on the carbon content, higher heating value and energy densification values, a HT of 220 C and Ht of 12 h were determined as optimal operational conditions. Further, PPWHC was utilized for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) in batch mode. The maximum uptake was 121.95 mg/g at 323 K. Adsorption thermodynamics parameters were calculated. Additionally, reusability studies demonstrated that PPWHC exhibited a superior removal performance for RhB after five consecutive sorption/desorption cycles.
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    Lead recovery from aqueous environment by using porous carbon of citrus fruits waste: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Saygili, Gulbahar Akkaya; Saygili, Hasan; Yilmaz, Cumali; Guzel, Fuat
    The mixture of citrus fruits (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, and lemon) wastes was utilized to obtain high surface area activated carbon (AC) by H3PO4 activation. The production conditions were optimized and the optimum conditions were determined. The optimal-activated carbon (CFWAC) was characterized by various physicochemical techniques. CFWAC was also used as a sorbent for Pb (II) ions from water. Batch experiments were performed to explore the adsorption capacity and mechanism. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed good fitness to the experimental data. The maximum Pb (II) adsorption capacity of CFWAC was found to be 163.93 mg/g.
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    New low-cost nanoporous carbonaceous adsorbent developed from carob (Ceratonia siliqua) processing industry waste for the adsorption of anionic textile dye: Characterization, equilibrium and kinetic modeling
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Guzel, Fuat; Saygili, Hasan; Saygili, Gulbahar Akkaya; Koyuncu, Filiz
    Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) processing industry waste (an) has been applied as an abundant, cheap and available precursor to produce a new nanoporous carbon (CWNC) for removal of an anionic textile dye, Reactive Black 5 (RB5), which is frequently used in the textile industry, from aqueous phase. CWNC was characterized by BET, FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques, proximate and ultimate analyses, Boehm titration Method, pH(pzc), measurement iodine and Methylene blue numbers. Its surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter was found as 921.07 m(2)g(-1), 0.571 cm(3) g(-1) and 2.482 nm, respectively. The influences on RB5 adsorption of various experimental factors such as adsorbent dose, solution pH, initial RB5 concentration, temperature and ionic strength were investigated. Adsorption kinetics was found to be best represented by the pseudo-second order model. The isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption data could be represented by the langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity for RB5 was 36.90 mg g(-1) at 50 degrees C. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Novel and sustainable precursor for high-quality activated carbon preparation by conventional pyrolysis: Optimization of produce conditions and feasibility in adsorption studies
    (Elsevier, 2018) Saygili, Hasan; Guzel, Fuat
    The purpose of this study is to produce powdered activated carbon under optimized conditions from a novel precursor, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) industrial processing residues, by zinc chloride (ZnCl2) chemical activation. The production influences of impregnation ratio (ZnCl2/precursor, g g(-1)), carbonization temperature, and carbonization duration on the some textural properties of produced carbons have been investigated and the best production conditions were determined. The optimum conditions resulted in an activated carbon with a carbon content of 58.95% and a yield of 48.83%, while the surface area of 1693 m(2) g(-1), with the total pore volume of 2.655 cm(3) g(-1), mesoporosity of 98.95% and average pore diameter of 6.70 nm. Its adsorptive performance was tested using methylene blue and metanil yellow dyes. The adsorption behaviors for both dyes were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, showing a monolayer adsorption capacity of 597 mg g(-1) and 568 mg g(-1), respectively. The results indicate that optimal activated carbon could be employed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of the basic and acidic dyes from effluents. (C) 2017 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.
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    Optimal oxidation with nitric acid of biochar derived from pyrolysis of weeds and its application in removal of hazardous dye methylene blue from aqueous solution
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Guzel, Fuat; Saygili, Hasan; Saygili, Gulbahar Akkaya; Koyuncu, Filiz; Yilmaz, Cumali
    In this study, the optimal oxidized weeds-based biochar (OWC) with HNO3 was used as a sorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The optimal oxidation conditions were determined according to the MB index (MI) of samples. Weeds-based biochar (WC) and its oxidized samples were characterized by their pore and chemical properties. The results showed that the oxidized WCs have a lower BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, more oxygen functional groups, lower pH(pzc) and higher MI compared with the WC. Optimum conditions were determined considering the effect of process parameters such as the solution pH, initial MB concentration, agitation time and solution temperature for MB removal by the optimal OWC. The kinetic data followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum MB sorption capacities of WC and optimal OWC were determined as 39.68 and 161.29 mg/g, respectively, under detected optimum conditions (pH 7.4, OWC dosage 0.1 g/50 mL, agitation time 480 min and temperature 50 degrees C). (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Optimized preparation for bimodal porous carbon from lentil processing waste by microwave-assisted K2CO3 activation: Spectroscopic characterization and dye decolorization activity
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Saygili, Hasan; Sayglli, Gulbahar Akkaya
    This paper describes lab-scale experiments for producing optimal activated carbon (LWAC) with bimodal porous (mixed micro-mesoporous) texture under optimized conditions from lentil processing waste (LW) by microwave-assisted K2CO3 activation. The influences of various operating parameters were evaluated including impregnation ratio (IR), carbonization temperature (CT) and carbonization time (Ct). The BET surface area (S-BET) and total pore volume (VT) were chosen as main criteria in optimization. The optimized parameters were IR ratio of 3:1, CT of 800 degrees C and Ct of 1 h. The physicochemical properties of LW and LWAC were identified with diverse analytical techniques. LWAC possessed high S-BET of 1875 m(2)/g and large V-T of 0.995 cm(3)/g. The LWAC was then tested for its feasibility as cationic (Methylene blue (MB)) and anionic (Methyl orange (MO)) dyes adsorbent. It was found that LWAC has an adsorption capacity of 625 mg/g for MB and 476 mg/g for MO at 30 degrees C. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Performance of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) industrial processing solid waste-derived nanoporous carbon in copper(II) removal
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Guzel, Fuat; Saygili, Gulbahar Akkaya; Saygili, Hasan; Koyuncu, Filiz; Kaya, Nafiye; Guzel, Sureyya
    In this study, copper removal performance of new nanoporous carbon adsorbent (grape waste nanoporous carbon (GWNC)) produced from industrial grape processing solid waste (grape waste) under optimized conditions was investigated. The optimization of removal conditions was determined by examining the effects of GWNC dosage, pH, initial Cu(II) concentration, contact time, and temperature. Kinetic and isotherm data were evaluated in pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models, respectively. Kinetic and isotherm data displayed that the Cu(II) adsorption onto GWNC can be well defined by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. The diffusion mechanism of adsorption was explained using the intra-particle diffusion model. The Cu(II) removal capacity of GWNC at determined optimized conditions was determined to be 80.0 mg g(-1). The calculated thermodynamic data revealed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the Cu(II) adsorption. Desorption studies showed that H2SO4 was the effective desorption agent with the desorption rate of 89.14%. The results in this study emphasized that GWNC is an alternative effective adsorbent to commercial adsorbents for Cu(II) removal.
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    Pharmaceutical analysis by a novel spinel ferrite nanocomposite derived from a biomaterial-based activated carbon
    (Elsevier, 2020) Saygili, Gulbahar Akkaya; Saygili, Hasan
    Microwave-assisted activated carbon was fabricated from lentil waste (LW) by K2CO3 chemical activation at optimum production conditions and the synthesized optimal activated carbon (LWAC) with a high surface area (1875 m(2)/g) was used as a matrix for spinel ferrite composite production. CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were embedded to LWAC and a novel magnetic composite material (M-LWAC) was synthesized. A detailed structural and textural analysis of M-LWAC was made by using various characterization techniques. M-LWAC was also used as an effectual remover for tetracycline (TC) bearing wastewater with 384.62 mg/g of adsorption capacity. Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic analyses indicated the fast, effective and spontaneous adsorption of TC by M-LWAC. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Role of optimization parameters in the production of nanoporous carbon from mandarin shells by microwave-assisted chemical activation and utilization as dye adsorbent
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Koyuncu, Filiz; Guzel, Fuat; Saygili, Hasan
    In this study, mandarin (Citrus reticulata) shells (MS) were used as a new precursor material for preparation of nanoporous carbon by chemical activation method with H3PO4 in the presence of microwave radiation. The obtained nanoporous carbon (MNC) was characterized using nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Boehm titration analysis. When using impregnation ratio of 2.0 at 500 degrees C for 1 h, specific surface area of prepared MNC reached the maximum value, which is 1021 m(2)/g. Pore properties of MNC were strongly influenced by impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time. For industrial and environmental applications, MNC was tested towards the removal of basic blue 9 (BB9) and acid yellow 36 (AY36) dyes in aqueous media and compared with other carbon adsorbents. The high sorption capacities were 294 mg/g for BB9 and 417 mg/g for AY36. The results indicate that MNC could be regard as a valuable adsorbent to treatment dye pollutants. (C) 2018 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.
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    Surface modification of black tea waste using bleaching technique for enhanced biosorption of Methylene blue in aqueous environment
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Saygili, Hasan; Saygili, Guelbahar Akkaya; Guzel, Fuat
    In the current study, the bleaching technique with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used to modify black tea waste (BTW) for enhancing its biosorption performance of Methylene blue (MB) dye. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis) TG/DTA, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and surface acidity and pH(pzc) measurements were employed to determine the textural structure and surface chemistry of the raw and NaOCl-modified BTW. The results indicate that after using bleaching modification, the MB biosorption capacity of BTW was enhanced approximately threefold. Maximum biosorption capacities were found as 125 mg g(-1) for BTW and 416.67 mg g(-1) for bleached black tea waste (BBTW).
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    Uptake of anionic and cationic dyes by highly effective porous carbon adsorber based on industrial processing residues
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Saygili, Hasan; Guzel, Fuat
    In this work, we investigated the performance of porous carbon prepared from carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) processing residues at optimized conditions for the removal of the Basic Green 4 (BG4) and Direct Red 28 (DR28) dyes from aqueous solutions. The influence of several parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature was evaluated in batch adsorption experiments. Maximum adsorption capacities were observed as 769mg g(-1) and 323mg g(-1) for BG4 and DR28, respectively. These results suggest that BG4 and DR28 could be removed using a novel porous carbon from carob processing residues.