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    Effect of melatonin on epididymal sperm quality after testicular ischemia/reperfusion in rats
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2010) Kurcer, Zehra; Hekimoglu, Askin; Aral, Faruk; Baba, Fusun; Sahna, Engin
    Objective: To determine the effect of melatonin, a pineal secretory product that prevents testicular ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury through its antioxidative properties, on epididymal sperm quality in a rat testicular IR injury model. Design: Experimental study. Setting: University pharmacology laboratory. Animal(s): Fifty-six 8-week-old male Wistar albino rats. Intervention(s): Left testicular artery and vein occluded for I hour; before the bilateral orchiectomy, the organ was allowed to reperfuse 30 days. Melatonin (10 mg/kg IP) or vehicle (1% ethanol in saline) was administrated for 10 minutes before reperfusion and for 1 hour after reperfusion. Main Outcome Measure(s): After 24 hours of reperfusion, the rats were decapitated, and the testicular tissue samples were obtained for histologic examination. In addition, after 30 days of reperfusion, the epididymal sperm concentration, motility, and abnormal sperm rates were determined in the sperm collected from the epididymis. Result(s): A statistically significant decrease in sperm concentration resulted from IR as well as an increase in sperm abnormalities, but the sperm motility did not change. Melatonin treatment did not prevent the IR-induced reduction in sperm concentration. However, melatonin treatment statistically significantly decreased the sperm abnormalities when compared with the IR injured samples. Conclusion(s): Melatonin may improve sperm morphology for a protective effect in IR-induced testicular injury. (Fertil Steril (R) 2010;93:1545-9. (C)2010 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
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    Lycopene, an Antioxidant Carotenoid, Attenuates Testicular Injury Caused by Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats
    (Tohoku Univ Medical Press, 2009) Hekimoglu, Askin; Kurcer, Zehra; Aral, Faruk; Baba, Fuesun; Sahna, Engin; Atessahin, Ahmet
    Testicular torsion is a common syndrome that could lead to infertility. We investigated the therapeutic effects of lycopene, an antioxidant caretenoid, on testicular ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury that resembles testicular torsion. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: sham (n = 6), IR (n = 18), and ischemia/reperfusion with lycopene (IRL, n = 18). Left testicular artery and vein was occluded for 1 h, followed by reperfusion of 3 h, 24 h or 30 days in IR and IRL animals. Either corn oil (vehicle) or lycopene (4 mg/kg) was administrated once daily by gavage to IR or IRL animals, respectively, 5 min after ischemia. Sham-operated animals were treated with vehicle by gavage 5 min after the operation. IR decreased sperm motility and concentration in both ipsilateral and contralateral testes and increased abnormal sperm rate in ipsilateral testis after 30 days of reperfusion. Treatment with lycopene increased the motility in bilateral testes and decreased the rate of abnormal sperm in ipsilateral testis to the sham level, but did not increase sperm concentration in bilateral testes. IR increased the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of reduced glutathione by 24 h of reperfusion, but malondialdehyde remained unchanged. Lycopene treatment restored the enzyme activities but not the reduced glutathione level. Lycopene treatment also ameliorated the IR-induced tissue damage in bilateral testes. In conclusion, the therapeutic antioxidant effect of lycopene on germ cells could serve as a promising intervention to oxidative stress-associated infertility problems, such as testicular torsion.