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Anterior segment parameters of rabbits with rotating Scheimpflug camera
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Yuksel, Harun; Turkcu, Fatih M.; Ari, Seyhmus; Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Abdullah K.; Sahin, Muhammed; Sahin, Alparslan
BackgroundRabbit is one of the most commonly used experimental animals for corneal studies due to similarity of size to human cornea and ease of manipulation. In this study, we assessed anterior segment parameters of the healthy rabbit eyes with Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). MethodsSix-month-old, approximately 2.5-3kg weighted, 30 female New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. Right eye of the each rabbit was imaged with Pentacam HR under intramuscular ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar; Eczacibasi, Turkey) anesthesia (50mg/kg). After the imaging, the rabbits with blinking errors, which results in low-quality images, were excluded from the study. Keratometric readings, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior and posterior elevation values, and lens density were noted. ResultsIn this study, the flattest and the steepest keratometric values were found as 43.341.86, 42.7 +/- 2.0, and 43.9 +/- 1.9diopters, respectively. The mean CCT and ACD of rabbits were found as 388 +/- 39m and 2.08 +/- 0.16mm, respectively. Mean of the anterior and posterior elevation at thinnest point was found as 1.29 +/- 4.28 and 3.91 +/- 6.17m, respectively. ConclusionsKeratometric readings and anterior and posterior elevation values of rabbits were similar to human; however, corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth (ACD) values were lower than humans.
Approach of Turkish ophthalmologists to micronutrition in age-related macular degeneration
(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2015) Sahin, Muhammed; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Alparslan; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Ozkurt, Zeynep Gursel; Caca, Ihsan
Purpose: To evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of ophthalmologists in Turkey concerning micronutrition support in patients with age related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods: This study involved 1,845 ophthalmologists. A scientific poll was sent to all participants by email. The survey covered the following: demographic features, subspecialty knowledge about micronutrition preference for prescribing micronutrition to age related macular degeneration patients, and the reason for this preference. If a participant indicated that he or she prescribed micronutrition, the participant was also asked to indicate the source of the treatment and supplemental treatments. Results: Of 1,845 ophthalmologists, 249 responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 9% (22) never, 43% (107) sometimes, 37% (92) frequently, and 11% (27) always used micronutrition. The most frequent prescribing subgroup was general ophthalmology (22%), followed by the retina-uvea subspecialty (13.9%). The micronutrition prescribing ratio was 54.8% in retina-uvea specialists when the frequent and always responses were combined. There was no statistically significant difference between subgroups with respect to prescribing micronutrition. Among the ophthalmologists prescribing micronutrition, 57.1% of them did not use the Age-Related Eye Disease Study-1 (AREDS) criteria, and only 31.3% prescribe micronutrition according to AREDS criteria. The results for the general ophthalmologist and retina-uvea specialist subgroups were similar, 56.3% vs 20.2%, and 54.1% vs 36.1%, respectively. Micronutrition was not recommended for the following reasons: expensive (55.4%), low patient expectancy (40%), no effect (30%), and low patient drug compliance (25.4%). Moreover, 55.2% of the clinicians recommended physical activities, dietary changes, and smoking cessation; 7.3% did not recommend these behavioral changes. Conclusion: This survey demonstrated that micronutrition preference in age related macular degeneration was low in ophthalmologists in Turkey. Additionally, retina specialists have a lower rate of prescribing micronutrition. Micronutrition support and behavior such as smoking cessation, dietary changes, etc. should be recommended more often to patients with age related macular degeneration.
Author reply: approach to micronutrition in age-related macular degeneration
(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2015) Sahin, Muhammed; Sahin, Alparslan; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet
[Abstract Not Available]
Automated quantification of foveal avascular zone and vascular density in Behcet's disease
(Springer London Ltd, 2020) Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Sahin, Alparslan; Karaalp, Umit; Cinar, Yasin; Sahin, Muhammed; Ozkurt, Zeynep Gursel; Keklikci, Ugur
PurposeTo measure the vascular density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in patients with Behcet's disease (BD) obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsVD and FAZ area in the deep and superficial retinal vascular networks were measured in all eyes.ResultsThirty BD and 31 control subjects were included in the study. The mean overall VD measured in the entire scan was lower in BD compared with control group in both the superficial (49.526.54 vs 53.57 +/- 2.87%, respectively; p=0.003) and deep (53.44 +/- 7.44 vs 58.41 +/- 3.01%, respectively; p=0.002) areas. The FAZ in the BD group was significantly increased at the level of the superficial (0.52 +/- 0.67 vs 0.28 +/- 0.1 mm(2), respectively; p=0.05) and deep (0.91 +/- 1.25 vs 0.39 +/- 0.14 mm(2), respectively; p=0.024) areas compared with those of the control group. The deep and the superficial FAZ areas were positively correlated with disease duration and negatively with VA.Conclusionp id=ParIn the patients with BD, OCTA showed decreased VD in both the superficial and deep retinal vascular networks. Besides, the VA was correlated with the VD and FAZ.
Comparison of Optical versus Ultrasonic Biometry in Keratoconic Eyes
(Hindawi Ltd, 2013) Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Sahin, Muhammed; Sahin, Alparslan; Yuksel, Harun; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Cinar, Tuba
Purpose. To compare the measurements of optical versus ultrasonic biometry devices in keratoconic eyes. Materials and Methods. Forty-two eyes of 42 keratoconus (KC) patients enrolled in the study were examined. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were noted, and detailed ophthalmological examination was performed. Following Pentacam measurements, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and axial length (AL) were obtained using the Lenstar and US biometer to determine the reproducibility of the measurements between the two devices in keratoconic eyes. The Bland-Altman method was used to describe the agreement between the two devices. Results. The Lenstar could not measure at least one of the biometric properties in one eye and did not automatically give the corrected ACD in 2/3 of our study population. The Lenstar measured CCT (average difference 5.4 +/- 19.6 mu m; ICC = 0.90; P < 0.001), LT (average difference 0.13 +/- 0.17 mm; ICC = 0.67; P < 0.001), and AL (average difference 0.10 +/- 0.76 mm; ICC = 0.75; P < 0.001) thinner than US biometer, whereas it measured ACD (average difference 0.18 +/- 0.17 mm; ICC = 0.85; P < 0.001) deeper than US biometer in keratoconic eyes. Conclusion. Although the difference between the measurements obtained using the two devices might be clinically acceptable, US biometry and Lenstar should not be used interchangeably for biometric measurements in KC patients.
Demographic and etiologic characteristics of children with traumatic serious hyphema
(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2013) Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harnn; Sahin, Alparslan; Cingu, Kursat; Ari, Seyhmus; Cinar, Yasin; Sahin, Muhammed
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the etiologic factors, complications, follow-up, and treatment outcomes in serious hyphema following blunt ocular trauma in childhood. METHODS The medical records of 136 patients diagnosed as grade 3 or 4 hyphema due to blunt ocular trauma between January 2006 and December 2011 were evaluated. Visual acuity (VA), complications, and medical and surgical treatments were analyzed. Factors affecting visual prognosis were compared in grade 3 and 4 hyphema cases. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 9.7+/-4 years. Etiologic factors for trauma were stone in 53 (39%), bead bullet in 25 (18.4%) and others in 58 (42.6%) patients. The most common complication of grade 3 and 4 hyphema was traumatic mydriasis (19.1%), followed by cataract (9.6%) and glaucoma (5.1%). Medical treatment was successful in 114 (83.8%) patients, and 22 (16.2%) patients underwent surgery. Mean initial and final VA of grade 4 patients were found to be significantly lower than those of grade 3 patients. CONCLUSION In grade 3 and 4 hyphema due to blunt trauma, visual prognosis worsened in the presence of additional ocular pathologies. Considering the bad visual prognosis of severe hyphema patients, prompt treatment and close follow-up may prevent complications resulting in poor VA.
Early detection of macular and peripapillary changes with spectralis optical coherence tomography in patients with prediabetes
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Sahin, Muhammed; Sahin, Alparslan; Kilinc, Faruk; Karaalp, Umit; Yuksel, Harun; Ozkurt, Zeynep Gursel; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet
Purpose: To compare the retina ganglion cell complex (GCC) layer and peripapillary nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL) in patients with prediabetes and healthy subjects analysed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: This cross-sectional and comparative study included prediabetic patients and healthy subjects. All participants underwent SD-OCT measurement of pRNFL thickness, and GCC thickness. Results: A total of 30 eyes of the 30 patients with prediabetes and 30 eyes of 30 controls were included. The overall calculated pRNFL thicknesses were similar between the prediabetic and control subjects. The GCC thickness was significantly lower in all quadrants of the inner macula, and outer nasal quadrant in the prediabetes group when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that inner macular GCC thickness was significantly thinner in prediabetic subjects. As a result neurodegeneration may play role in the thinning of GCC.
Effect of Estrogen Replacement Treatment on VEGF in Serum and Retina in Rats
(Modestum Ltd, 2015) Yuksel, Harun; Turgut, Fethiye Gulden; Turkcu, Fatih M.; Ozkurt, Zeynep; Sahin, Muhammed; Yuksel, Hatice; Turkcu, Gul
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a molecule implicated in the pathogenesis of several eye diseases. In this experimental study, we planned to evaluate the effects of surgical menopause and hormone replacement therapy on VEGF levels. Thus, we studied the effects of treatments involving estrogen, estrogen and progesterone (E/P) in combination, and genistein, which is a selective estrogen modulator, on serum VEGF levels and the expression of VEGF in the retinas of rats with surgical menopause. The rats were randomly divided into five groups. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in all groups except for the sham-operated group. estrogen, E/P, genistein or water (sham and control groups) treatments were given for 8 weeks through the orogastric catheter. Serum VEGF level and immunohistochemical staining of VEGF in retinal tissue were analyzed in each group. Serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in the OVX + estrogen and OVX + genistein groups than in the control and sham groups. It was also higher in the OVX + E/P group than in the sham and control groups; however, in this case, the difference was not statistically significant. The OVX + estrogen, OVX + E/P, and OVX + genistein groups exhibited increased VEGF staining in comparison with the control and sham groups. However, the difference was not statistically significant. The current study demonstrated that estrogen replacement treatment (ERT) leads to an increase in serum VEGF levels and progesterone plays a protective role in this increase. The ERT used in this study had no effect on VEGF expression in the retina.
Effect of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis on Vitreous Depth in Patients with Keratoconus
(Informa Healthcare, 2015) Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Kaya, Savas; Cinar, Yasin; Sahin, Muhammed; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Murat, Mehmet
Purpose: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the vitreous depth (VD) of keratoconic eyes in patients with or without vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Material and Methods: Eighty eyes of 80 consecutive keratoconus (KC) patients and 40 emmetropic control subjects were enrolled. KC patients were divided into two groups according to accompanying VKC (VKC-KC group and KC group). Mean outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), mean keratometry (Km), intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial length (AL) and its components. The eyes with the highest Km were selected for statistical analysis for each participant. Results: There were 50, 30, and 40 patients in the VKC-KC group, KC group, and control group respectively. The KC group and VKC-KC group were similar in BCVA, SE, Km, CCT, ACD, LT, and IOP (p>0.05). The mean ACD was significantly lower in the control group when compared with the KC group and VKC-KC group. The mean AL and VD were significantly higher in VKC-KC group than those of KC group and the control group, whereas similar in KC and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the current study we showed that VKC-associated KC patients have significantly longer AL and VD when compared with KC patients without VKC. Posterior segment elongation in VKC-KC group may be associated with the type IV collagen destruction due to chronic longstanding inflammation in VKC patients.
Effective dose of bevacizumab for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity
(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2018) Sahin, Alparslan; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Sahin, Muhammed
[Abstract Not Available]
The effects of delivery type and gender on intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in newborns
(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2016) Ozkurt, Zeynep Gursel; Balsak, Selahattin; Balsak, Berrin; Guclu, Hande; Sahin, Muhammed; Yuksel, Harun; Turkcu, Fatih M.
Purpose: To analyze intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in newborns during the first 12 h of life. Methods: Forty-three newborns born by vaginal delivery (VD) and 30 newborns born by cesarean section (CS) were evaluated. IOP and CCT were measured using Tono-Pen and handheld pachymeter, respectively, at both the 5th minute after delivery and at the 12th h of life. Results: The mean IOP for the VD group was significantly higher than that of the CS group at both the 5th minute and 12th h (p=0.042 and p=0.018, respectively). In both groups, the IOP decreased by the 12th h, but the decrease was only significant for the CS group (p=0.020). The decrease in CCT over the 12 h was significant for both groups (p<0.001). In the VD and CS groups, the IOP values of the males were significantly higher than those of the females at the fifth minute only (p=0.024 and p=0.043, respectively). No other values were significantly different between the genders. Conclusions: Newborn IOP is affected by the mode of delivery and gender. A higher IOP was found in vaginally delivered newborns than in CS newborns for at least 12 h postpartum. CCT showed a significant decline within 12 h. Male newborns have significantly higher IOP values in the first minutes of life.
Effects of smoking on visual acuity of central serous chorioretinopathy patients
(Informa Healthcare, 2014) Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Alparslan; Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Kursat; Ari, Seyhmus; Sahin, Muhammed
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences, in terms of visual outcome and treatment needs, between smokers and non-smokers central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients. Methods: The files of 252 patients diagnosed with CSCR who had presented to the Retina Unit of the Ophthalmology Clinic at Dicle University Medical School in Turkey were retrospectively evaluated. Eighty-four smokers, with a known history of smoking of at least one pack-year, and 133 non-smokers were included, whereas 35 patients with additional pathologies were excluded from the study. Results: Of the patients, 192 (88.5%) were male and 25 (11.5%) were female. The mean patient age was 38.8 +/- 8.1 years (range: 20-68 years). Visual acuity (VA) of the smoker and non-smoker groups was measured as 0.45 +/- 0.35 and 0.24 +/- 0.28 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMar), respectively, at the first visit; 0.19 +/- 0.29 and 0.06 +/- 0.14 logMar at the sixth month; and 0.07 +/- 0.14 and 0.02 +/- 0.05 logMar at the ninth month. VA measurements at presentation and during all examinations (1th, 6th and 9th month) were significantly different for the two groups. VA was lower in the smoker group. In 27 patients (12.4%), an additional treatment modality was needed. Of the 27 patients, only 8 (6%) were non-smokers, whereas 19 (22.6%) were smokers. There was no difference between groups in the recurrence rate during follow-up (p = 0.907); 14 (16.7%) smokers and 8 (19.0%) non-smokers experienced a recurrence. Conclusion: This study has shown that patients selected and who are current smokers have poorer vision and need longer treatment.
Effects of vernal and allergic conjunctivitis on severity of keratoconus
(Ijo Press, 2013) Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Cinar, Yasin; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Sahin, Alparslan; Ari, Seyhmus; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Muhammed
AIM: To demonstrate the effects of two different types of allergic conjunctivitis on severity of keratoconus (KC). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 171 KC patients referred between June 2010 and June 2011. The KC patients were divided into 3 groups as KC (group A), KC with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) (group B) and KC with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) (group C). Main outcome measures were demographic and ocular clinical features including age at presentation, gender, spherical equivalent (SE), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean keratometric measurement (Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), and intraocular pressure (IOP). Groups were compared in term of study variables. RESULTS: The median age at presentation was significantly lower in group B (P<0.001). According to the median SE (P=0.003), BCVA(P=0.022), Km(P<0.001), CCT (P=0.015) and Amsler-Krumeich classification (P< 0.001), KC was more severe in group B. There was no significant difference in terms of IOP and corrected IOP among the groups (P=0.44), however there were 4 patients who had increased corrected IOP developed after topical corticosteroid use in group B. The differences among the groups persisted even after controlling for age and gender. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated a more severe KC in VKC patients despite their younger age which suggests evaluation of VKC patients as a separate group in keratoconus disease.
Evaluation of Corneal Parameters with Scheimpflug Imaging in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Cinar, Yasin; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Sahin, Muhammed; Kaya, Savas; Bozkurt, Mehtap; Sahin, Alparslan
Purpose: To evaluate corneal parameters of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by Pentacam-HR. Methods: Seventy RA patients and 100 control subjects were enrolled. All participants underwent Pentacam (Pentacam-HR, Oculus, Germany) evaluation. Both RA and control groups were divided into two subgroups as dry eye (DE) (Schirmer test with topical anesthesia (STA) <= 5 mm) and without DE (STA > 5 mm). Results: Pachymetric measurements and the mean corneal volume were significantly lower in RA group (p<0.001). Disease duration was negatively correlated with pachymetric measurements in RA group. Pachymetric measurements and corneal volume of RA patients with DE were significantly lower than all the other subgroups. Control subgroups with or without DE were similar in pachymetric measurements and corneal volume. Conclusions: The results suggest that RA patients have thinner corneas compared to control subjects that may be affected by disease duration. Furthermore, coexistence of DE and RA seems to aggravate the thinning of cornea as well.
Evaluation of Cystoid Macular Edema Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Fundus Autofluorescence after Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification Surgery
(Hindawi Ltd, 2013) Sahin, Muhammed; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Gozum, Nilufer
Aim. To investigate the utility of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of cystoid macular edema (CME) following cataract surgery. Materials and Methods. Forty eyes of 29 patients undergone phacoemulsification, with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation surgery. Central macular thickness (CMT) of the patients was evaluated using OCT and FAF preoperatively and postoperative 1st, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 180th days. Results. CME was detected in three eyes (7.5%) of two patients using OCT. Hyperautofluorescence (HAF) was detected in two of these three eyes and resolved with treatment. In the remaining 37 eyes without CME, there was a significant increase in visual acuity when compared to preoperative values (P = 0.008) Mean macular thicknesses (MMT) of the eyes without CME were 174 +/- 20 mu m preoperatively and 179 +/- 22 mu m at day 1, 178 +/- 19 mu m at 1st month, and 168 +/- 10 mu m at 6th month postoperatively. In the eyes with CME, the MMTs, measured with OCT were 189 +/- 23 mu m preoperatively and 432 +/- 361 on day 1, 343 +/- 123 mu m at 1st month, 345 +/- 196 at 2nd month, and 200 +/- 36 mu m at 6th month postoperatively. Conclusion. We found a moderate increase in CMT in the first 3 months postoperatively, in the eyes without CME which did not cause visual disturbances. FAF is a noninvasive, rapid method for the evaluation and follow-up of CME following cataract surgery.
Evaluation of the Anterior Segment Parameters of the Patients with Scleroderma
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Sahin, Muhammed; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Alparslan; Cingue, Abdullah Kursat; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Kaya, Savas; Yazmalar, Levent
Purpose: To evaluate corneal parameters of scleroderma (SC) patients by Pentacam-HR. Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 22 SC patients and 33 eyes of 33 control subjects were enrolled. All participants underwent Pentacam (Pentacam-HR, Oculus, Germany) evaluation. Both SC and control groups were divided into two subgroups as dry eye (DE) (Schirmer test with topical anesthesia (STA) <5 mm) and without DE (STA >5 mm). Results: Pachymetric measurements and mean corneal volume (CV) were significantly lower in the SC group than in the control group (p<0.001). Pachymetric measurements and CV of SC patients with DE were significantly lower than all the other subgroups. Control subgroups with or without DE were similar in pachymetric measurements and CV. Conclusions: The results suggest that SC patients have thinner corneas compared with control subjects. Additionally, coexistence of DE seems to have an additional impact in the thinning of cornea in SC patients.
The factors influencing retinal thickness in diabetic patients
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Sahin, Muhammed; Sahin, Alparslan; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet
[Abstract Not Available]
Inner and outer segment junction (IS/OS line) integrity in ocular Behcet's disease
(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2014) Yuksel, Harun; Turkcu, Fatih M.; Sahin, Muhammed; Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Abdullah K.; Ozkurt, Zeynep; Sahin, Alparslan
Purpose: In this study, we examined the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of ocular Behcet's disease (OB) in patients with inactive uveitis. Specifically, we analyzed the inner and outer segment junction (IS/OS line) integrity and the effect of disturbed IS/OS line integrity on visual acuity. Methods: Patient files and OCT images of OB patients who had been followed-up between January and June of the year 2013 at the Dicle University Eye Clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Sixty-six eyes of 39 patients were included the study. Results: OCT examination of the patients with inactive OB revealed that approximately 25% of the patients had disturbed IS/OS and external limiting membrane (EML) line integrity, lower visual acuity (VA), and lower macular thickness than others. Linear regression analysis revealed that macular thickness was not an independent variable for VA. In contrast, the IS/OS line integrity was an independent variable for VA in inactive OB patients. Conclusion: In this study, we showed that the IS/OS line integrity was an independent variable for VA in inactive OB patients. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the integrity of the IS/OS line in OB patients.
Intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Sahin, Alparslan; Sahin, Muhammed; Cingu, Abdullah Kuersat; Cinar, Yasin; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Kaya, Savas
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections, used as a monotherapy in type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed for 17 type 1 ROP patients (34 eyes), who had IVB injection between July 2011 and June 2012. Birthweight, gestational age at birth, stage and location of ROP, IVB injection time, time of complete retinal vascularization, and additional treatments if needed, were noted. A total of 0.625mg (0.025mL) bevacizumab was injected intravitreally. ResultsThirty eyes of 17 patients with type 1 ROP enrolled in the study were treated with IVB injection. Of them seven had aggressive posterior-ROP, six had stage 2 ROP, and four had stage 3 ROP. The mean gestational age was 28.44 weeks (range, 26-31 weeks); and the mean birthweight was 1151.88g (range, 600-1600g). The mean age for IVB injection was 35.47 weeks. The mean full retinal vascularization time was 136.6 26.6 days. The mean follow-up time was 285.3 +/- 70 days. ROP was regressed and retinal vascularization was completed in all cases except one eye, which had threshold disease. ConclusionIVB injection, used as a monotherapy, is an effective treatment approach in patients with type 1 ROP. Timely treatment of stage 2 and early stage 3 ROP in which disease progression was observed, prevents vitreoretinal membrane formation in posterior disease. Further studies need to be performed to determine the safety of IVB injection.
Keratouveitis caused by Euphorbia trigona sap
(Springer, 2014) Cinar, Yasin; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Muhammed; Sahin, Alparslan
We present a case of a 40-year-old female with severe keratouveitis secondary to Euphorbia trigona plant sap. The patient dropped sap into both eyes to relieve itching and developed Euphorbia keratouveitis. Visual acuity was finger counting at 1 m in both eyes on presentation. On examination, eyelid edema, ciliary injection, corneal edema with Descemet membrane folds and exudate in the anterior chamber were seen bilaterally. With supportive treatment all signs and symptoms were relieved. Exposure to Euphorbia sap should be treated immediately to prevent sequelae like corneal scarring.

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