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    APPLICATIONS OF SALICYLIC ACID ON SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS OF PEPPERS UNDER SALINITY CONDITIONS
    (Univ Agronomic Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest - Usamv, 2023) Pirinc, Vedat; Akalp, Erhan
    As a result of the global drought, improper irrigation and excessive fertilizer applications; salt accumulation in agricultural lands can cause production to stop. It is not possible to wash the soil in large lands and it is a difficult practice to rehabilitate the salty soils formed. In order to regain these soils for production, researchers have different applications; rotation and fallow practices, different irrigation methods, using of fertilizers and plant growth regulators etc. can be performed. In addition, with the changing and developing technologies, studies on production models that are not dependent on soil (soilless farming, rapid plant cultivation with LED lights in different aggregate cultures in artificially controlled environments) are being made on new models every day. This study was carried out to determine the effect of salicylic acid applications on pepper seeds and seedlings in saline conditions. cermik pepper genotype, which is a local variety belonging to Diyarbakir, was used as plant material. Commercial rock salt was used as NaCl. While the pepper seeds were treated by keeping in 0.1mM and 0.5mM salicylic acid solution dosages, the seedlings were treated in pots containing the same doses of water culture + Hoagland nutritional solution. In order to identify the physiological and morphological changes in control and subjected to treatment plants, Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Total Chlorophyll content, Caretonoid content, 0-5 damage index of plants, plant fresh and dry weight (without roots), root fresh weight, plant fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, root length, stem length and stem diameter values were measured at the end of the research. When the statistical data obtained at the end of the study were examined, it was determined that both doses of Salicylic Acid increased the resistance of the plant to NaCl compared to the untreated seedlings. Furthermore, it has been determined that the application of 0.1 and 0.5mM doses of salicylic acid to the seeds and the subsequent application of SA to these seeds increases the resistance to NaCl that will be given to the environment.
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    Determination of long-term effects of consecutive effective soil solarization with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) on white rot disease (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) and yield of onion
    (Gaurav Soc Agricultural Research Information Centre-Aric, 2010) Cimen, Ismail; Pirinc, Vedat; Sagir, Abuzer
    The aim of this study was to increase the yield in the fields solarized two years earlier (2007) by reducing the white rot disease in onion resulted from Sclerotium cepivorum caused by Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM), Glomus intraradices fungus. Study was conducted in two different experiments (the first experiment where tomato was grown after solarization; the second experiment where lettuce and pepper in previous growing seasons were grown after solarization). Pearl bulb onions were grown with four repetitions according to split-split plot design (2008). In the experiments, the consecutive effects of solarization were considered as main and of sub-VAM and S. cepivorum as mini plots. With the artificial inoculation of S. cepivorum, sufficient disease symptoms were not detected in the onion bulb; however, it reduced the thickness of leaves and stems. And for these two development parameters, results were found significant (P<0.01). Bulb onion yield decreased by 11% in the first experiment and 16% in the second experiment with the S. cepivorum inoculation. The effect of solarization on yield in the second year was higher than in the third year. In the second consecutive season (experiment 1), both of shallot and bulb onion yield increased by 25%, and in the third season (experiment 2), yield increased by 18% for bulb onion. Leaf and stem thickness increased with VAM, but decreased by S. cepivorum. Results were found to be significant (P<0.01) for both the experiments. Consequently, thanks to VAM, product yield increased in both the experiments, and the increments were determined as 22% for shallot; as 25% for bulb onion yield in the second experiment. The effects of solarization combined with VAM increased bulb onion yield by 50%, compared to without both of them. Among the combinations, the highest yield was achieved with the Sol-VAM-non-S. cepivorum application in comparison to non-solarized-non-VAM-S. cepivorum, through this application provided an increase of 54.41% for the first and 91.13% for the second experiment. In conclusion, the effect of solarization, gradually became less effective, in the second and third production seasons. Development of onion alternating in these seasons and loss of yield caused by S. cepivorum could be reduced with artificial VAM inoculation. However, this effect must have depended on the relation between plant species and mycorrhizal colonization in earlier seasons.
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    Effect of Soil Solarization and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Glomus intraradices) on Yield and Blossom-end Rot of Tomato
    (Friends Science Publ, 2010) Cimen, Ismail; Pirinc, Vedat; Doran, Ilhan; Turgay, Berna
    The study was aimed to investigate the effect of tomato seedlings of Falcon variety (Lycopersicum esculantum L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices in solarized and non solarized parcels on yield and blossom end rot (BER) that cause yield loses in tomato growing. The experiment established according to split-plot design with four replicates as main plot of solarization and sub-plot of mycorrhizal in total 16 parcels. The solarized field increased the soil temperature (11,8,7 & 5 degrees C) than non-applied in different soil depth (5, 10, 20 & 30 cm). The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and Cu were increased in leaves by solarization. The levels of P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in leaves were higher in plots inoculated with AM than without non AM. The effect of solarization on yield was significant and was three times higher than non solarized control. However, AM had no effect on yield. In this study, the expected yield was not obtained, because of blossom end rot (BER). The effect of neither solarization nor AM was seen on this physiological disorder in tomato. However, high temperature affected these abiotic diseases. During the vegetative season, incidence of BER occurred 100% of the high temperature in July-August, whereas this rate was rapidly decreased and was not observed during the cool periods at the end of growing season. The results of this study show that solarization can be applied and recommended for growing tomato in the region, but the research about factors resulting in BER must be accelerated. (C) 2010 Friends Science Publishers
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    Effect of solarization and vesicular arbuscular mychorrizal on weed density and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in autumn season
    (Academic Journals, 2010) Cimen, Ismail; Turgay, Berna; Pirinc, Vedat
    This study was conducted on trial field of Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey in 2007 growing season. The experiment established on a loamy- clay soil with the seedlings of Yedikule lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) infected by Vesicular Arbuscular Mychorrizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus intraradices. The goal was to increase the yield and quality in lettuce production. The VAM infected and disenfected lettuce seedlings propagated in greenhouse conditions were planted by the split-plot designs-random model. The study was conducted as the main plot applied solarization and non-solarization and subplot with VAM and without VAM which resulted in four repetitions. The solarized field had an increased soil temperature: the increase in the temperature was 11 degrees C in 5 cm depth, 8 degrees C in 20 cm and 5 degrees C in 30 cm. This situation continued to the end of the growth season and also inhibited the germination of weed plants. In the solarized area, the plant height, plant crown-width and yield showed significant increase during the vegetative season of 45 days long. The data was significant for three growth factors. In solarized area, the average weight of lettuce was obtained to be 138.85 g but in control parcel the average weight was 30.85 g. The increases in VAM parcel for three growth factors were significant. But the interaction between solarization and VAM was found non significant. To determine VAM before testing in laboratory, VAM dutied like a bridge from donor lettuce to receiver wild mustard (Sinapsis arvensis L.) as observed in the experiment because mustrad has no symbiosis life with this fungus. Also the laboratory findings supported this; the number of spores, number of VAM infected and infection rate were higher both in main parcel of solarized and in the subplot parcel planted with VAM seedlings than the nonsolarized parcel and non VAM seedlings. The results for both criteria were significant in solarization and VAM application. But the interaction with VAM and solarization was insignificant. As a result, one can note that the VAM inoculation after solarization application is beneficial for growing lettuce especially in the fall of season.
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    Effects of solarization and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (VAM) on phytopthora blight (Phytophthora capsici leonian) and yield in pepper
    (Academic Journals, 2009) Cimen, Ismail; Pirinc, Vedat; Sagir, Abuzer; Akpinar, Cagdas; Guzel, Sadettin
    In this work, effects of soil solarization and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus intraradices on diseases caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian in pepper plants and crop yields were studied. At the end of the growth season, 82.5% mortality of plants and 47.7% of yield loss caused by P. capsici were obtained in control plots. At the beginning of the vegetative period, plant mortality caused by P. capsici in solarized plots was less than that in non-solarized plots, but it was higher at the end of the experiments. The total crop yield, however, increased to 20.9% by solarization. At the beginning of the growth season, anthocyanin production, early flowering and fruit settings were observed in the seedlings inoculated with VAM. Plant mortality caused by P. capsici was inhibited by 69.4% in plants inoculated with VAM fungus, but this rate decreased to 14.9% at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, total yield increased to 40.4% in plots infested with P. capsici, but treated with VAM. The total yield increased to 49.9% in pathogen free solarized + VAM inoculated grown plants plots in comparison to pathogen free non-solarized + non-VAM inoculated grown plants plots. This increase was 42.8% in solarized + VAM inoculated grown plants plots, which were infested with P. capsici. Total yield was 227% in solarized + VAM inoculated grown plants plots without P. capsici in comparison to non-solarized plots + non-VAM inoculated grown plants plots but infected with P. capsici. The yield loss caused by P. capsici in pepper was decreased by means of long-term effect of soil solarization with artificially VAM inoculation.
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    Evaluation as time-dependent of pesticides applied in pre-harvest period of grown vegetables: removal of pesticide residues in the vegetables
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Elmastas, Ayhan; Umaz, Adil; Pirinc, Vedat; Aydin, Firat
    Pesticide use has benefits such as increasing the quality and amount of food required to sustain the human population. However, its harmful effects on the environment and human health are of great concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate concentrations as timedependent of the pesticide and the removal of pesticide residues in vegetable samples with the aid of the QuEChERS 2007.01 procedure. The analytical method has been validated according to SANTE/12682/2019. Good linearity (2.5-100 ng/mL, R-2 > 0.99) was observed, and the recovery yields ranged from 94.76% to 104.03%, repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 2.33% to 4.59% and reproducibility (RSDwR) ranged from 4.06% to 8.40%. LOD and LOQ values were determined to be 3.00 ng/g and 10.00 ng/g, respectively. The grown tomato, eggplant and cucumber samples were sprayed with drugs against pests and diseases. Imidacloprid in the grown tomato, cucumber and eggplant samples was determined to be 0.026, 0.186 and 0.096 mg/kg, respectively. Trifloxystrobin was determined to be 0.102, 0.129 and 0.063 mg/kg, respectively. It was determined that pesticide residue in vegetable samples decreases by washing and peeling but does not disappear completely. The peeling process was determined to be more effective than washing. The concentration of pesticide residues in the shell part was found to be hight than in the whole product. Thus, it is important to consume vegetables with their skin peeled and to consume the unpeeled ones by washing them with water at least.
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    In vitro propagation of Diyarbakir watermelons and comparison of direct-seeded and transplanted watermelon
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2011) Okumus, Veysi; Pirinc, Vedat; Onay, Ahmet; Basaran, Davut
    A rapid protocol using shoot tip explants for micropropagation of Diyarbakir watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] types Surme, Beyazkis and Karakis was achieved. Shoot tips from 5-day-old in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured on shoot regeneration medium for 3 weeks. The effects of the different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and carbohydrate types on shoot proliferation were examined. The results confirmed that a range of 0.5-1.0 mg/L of BA was almost equally effective in promoting the shoot length of cultures in the 3 genotypes. Sucrose, in the presence of BA, was superior to other carbohydrates for the 3 genotypes studied in terms of the number of proliferated shoots and the average shoot length obtained. The highest percentage of rooting was achieved when medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was used for the 3 genotypes. The highest frequency of acclimatized plantlets for the 3 genotypes was 85%, 85%, and 90%, respectively, in sterile compost, when the shoots of Beyazkis, Karakis, and Surme were rooted in the IBA-supplemented rooting treatments. The Surme genotype produced a significantly higher yield and mean fruit weight than the Beyazkis and Karakis genotypes in both direct-seeded and transplanted watermelons. The main soluble sugar of the experimental types was separated, identified, and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (H PLC). Fructose was found to be the most abundant sugar and was highly detected in Beyazkis for the seeded watermelon and in Karakis for the transplanted watermelon. This demonstrates that in vitro propagation can be used to produce high quality diploid Diyarbakir watermelon for use in breeding lines.