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Öğe Cranial duplication (Dicephalus) in a lamb(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2007) Unver, Ozkan; Kilinc, Mehmet; Ozyurtlu, NihatA case of cranial duplication (Dicephalus) was described in a newborn lamb. The radiographic and macroscopic examination was performed after the cesarean section. The lamb's heads were not completely separated. A complete nasopharynx, oropharynx, laringopharynx, and normal tongue were present in each head. The lamb died shortly after birth.Öğe Effect of Different Doses PMSG on Estrus Synchronization and Fertility in Awassi Ewes Synchronized with Progesterone During the Transition Period(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Zonturlu, Abuzer Kafar; Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Kacar, CihanThe aim of the present study was to evaluate different of doses PMSG on estrus synchronization and fertility in Awassi ewes synchronized with progesterone during The transition period. A total of 92 ewes were used in this experiment. All ewes were treated witha vaginal sponge containing 30 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) inserted into the vagina of the ewes for 12 days. All animals were divided into four groups randomly and a single intramuscular (IM) dose of PMSG (group 1, 300 IU, n = 21; group 2, 400 IU, n = 27; group 3, 500 IU, n = 25), group 4 (n = 19) was injected with 1 ml normal saline solution and as served control group at time of sponge removal. The interval between the withdrawal of the sponges and estrus was observed 40.82 +/- 1.21 h, 40.20 +/- 1.14 h, 38.7 +/- 1.07 h and 41.79 +/- 1.72 h in groups 1, 2, 3 and the control group, respectively. Estrus responses were similar in all groups (group 1, 81.0%; group 2, 92.6%; group 3, 92.0%; control group, 73.78%). There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between the treatment groups and the control group for the onset of estrus or estrus response. The duration of estrus was shorter in group 1, compared to the control group (24.9 +/- 0.85 hr vs. 29.07 +/- 1.31hr), and that this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pregnancy rates were 82.35%, 80.0%, 82.60% and 78.5% in groups 1, 2, 3 and the control group, respectively. Lambing rates were obtained 100.0% among all the groups, or litter size (1.07 to 1.21) did not differ between the treatment groups and the control group. As a result, different doses of PMSG in Awassi ewes synchronized with progesterone during the transition period had similar effect on estrus synchronization and fertility parameters.Öğe Effect of flunixin meglumine or prostaglandin E2 treatment 15 days after breeding on fertility in Saanen does(Elsevier Science Inc, 2014) Cetin, Yunus; Kocamuftuoglu, Mesih; Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Sendag, Sait; Wehrend, AxelThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of timely injections of flunixin meglumine (FM) or vaginal application of prostaglandin E2 (PgE(2)) on pregnancy, fertility, fecundity, and prolificacy rates in Saanen goats. One hundred and sixty-three nonlactating Saanen does were treated with a flugestone acetate (20 mg)-containing intravaginal sponge for 12 days. They also received eCG (400 IU) and a PGF(2 alpha) analogue (50 mu g) 10 days after progestagen priming. Does detected in estrus were mated and assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups. The PgE(2) group (N = 40) received PgE(2) (2.5 mg) intravaginally 15 days after mating. The FM group (N = 54) received flunixin meglumine (total dose, 100 mg) intramuscularly 15 days after mating. Flunixin meglumine was administered at 9:00 AM. Animals in the control group (N = 69) received no treatment. Pregnancy was diagnosed using transrectal ultrasonography (B-mode at 8 MHz) 30 days after mating. The pregnancy rate was significantly greater (P < 0.01) after 30 days in goats treated with PgE(2) and also in the control group than in those treated with FM (67.5%, 59.4%, and 42.5%, respectively). The pregnancy rate did not differ between the PgE(2) and the control group. The pregnancy and fertility rate were lowest in the FM group compared with the other groups. There was no significant difference in the prolificacy rate among experimental groups. In conclusion, our results showed that FM administration during a late luteal phase is detrimental to early pregnancy in goats. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effect of Progestagen on the Changes of the Vaginal Flora Arising from Intravaginal Sponge Treatment and Susceptibility of the Vaginal Flora to Antibiotics in Ewes(Medwell Online, 2008) Yesilmen, Simten; Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Altan, FerayThe aim of this study, was to investigate the effect of progestagen on the changes of the vaginal bacterial flora with sponge treatment. Progestagen impregnated sponges (30 mg fluorogestone acetate). were inserted ewes (Group I, n = 12) for 12 days and, sponge without progeitagen (blank sponge), served as control groups (Group II, n = 12), were inserted ewes for 12 days during the non-breeding season. Vaginal bacterial counts were evaluated on the vaginal flora samples obtained before the introduction of the sponges, at sponge withdrawal and after 48 h from withdrawal of sponge. The mean value for the colony forming units (x 10(3) mL(-1)) were 6.1 and 4.5 on the day of intravaginal sponge insertion and increased to 113.5 and 139.8 at sponge withdrawal (p<0.05), decreased 7.9 and 43.3 after 48 h withdrawal of sponge in Group I and II, respectively (p<0.05). The changes of the vaginal bacterial flora were not different statistically at the time of sponge withdrawal in progestagen and non-progestagen sponge groups. Although, there were not differences between at the time of sponge introduction and withdrawal of sponge in 2 groups, it was found a difference after 48 h removal of sponges with progestagen and without progestagen treatments groups (P<0.05). Amoxicillin/Clavunate, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 1/19 and Tetracycline were more resistance than the other antibiotics according to results of the antibiotic susceptibility test. Intravaginal sponge treatments increased bacterial counts, but this increase returned normal values at probable estrous time in progestagen impregnated sponge treatment. Number of vaginal bacteria did not return normal values in the non-progestagen sponge treatment group after 48 h removal of sponge, because of ewes in this group naturally could not come into estrus. In this study, it was concluded that progesterone did not affect the number of bacterial counts in the vaginal flora except for changes caused by intravaginal sponge treatment.Öğe Effect of subsequent two short-term, short-term, and long-term progestagen treatments on fertility of Awassi ewes out of the breeding season(Ankara Univ Press, 2011) Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Ay, S. Serhan; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Gungor, Orsan; Aslan, SelimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment methods of progestagen with PMSG in Awassi ewes out of the breeding season. A total of 48 ewes were divided into four groups equally. In Group I, vaginal sponges (30 mg fluorogestone acetate; FGA) were administered to ewes for seven days; afterwards vaginal sponge removal at the end of rh days and new vaginal sponge replaced for seven days in the same group. Vaginal sponges were administered for 7 days and 14 days in Group II and Group III, respectively. Group IV (Control) served as control group. In all experimental groups, 500 IU PMSG was given at sponge removal. Parameters such as estrus response rate, pregnancy and lambing rates, interval from sponge withdrawal to onset of estrus, duration of estrus and fecundity were evaluated. There were no significant differences in terms of estrus response rate, pregnancy rate, lambing rate, and fecundity between the Group I, II and III (p>0.05). In addition to this, any difference in the duration of estrus was not observed in all groups. However, variations in the interval from sponge removal to estrus was found significant (p<0.05) differences between Group II (53 +/- 3.37 h) and Group III (41.5 +/- 1.81 h). A slight increase in progesterone levels was observed after ram introduction, but a significant decrease in progesterone levels was found after two weeks from ram introduction (p<0.05). It was concluded that there was no advantage of using two subsequent sponge treatments for achieving high progesterone concentration during treatment. In addition, short-term sponge treatment (7d) was found as effective as long-term sponge treatment in Awassi ewes out of the breeding season.Öğe The Effectiveness of Using Antibiotic with Intravaginal Sponge and Duration of Sponge Treatments on the Vaginal Flora and Fertility in Anestrous Ewes(Medwell Online, 2008) Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Yepilmen, Simten; Kucukaslan, IbrahimThe aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of antibiotic administration to intravaginal sponge before sponge insertion and investigate duration of sponge treatment for determining changes in the vaginal bacterial flora and fertility parameters. Intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg FGA were inserted in 30 Awassi ewes for long-term (14 days; LT), long-term with antibiotic added sponges (LT-A) and short-term (7 days; ST) during the non-breeding season. All ewes received 400 IU PMSG at sponge withdrawal. Bacterial counts were performed on the vaginal flora samples obtained before the introduction of the sponges, at sponge withdrawal and day of estrous in the treatment groups. The mean value for the colony forming units (x 10(3) mL(-1)) were 5.31, 2.92 and 4.91 on the day of intravaginal sponge insertion and increased to 163.97, 68.34 and 147.0 (p<0.05) at sponge withdrawal, decreased on the day of estrous to 6.97, 4.53 and 5.88 in group LT, LT-A and ST, respectively (p<0.05). According to the antibiotics susceptibility test, clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin and vancomycin were more resistance than the other antibiotics. The frequency of ewes in estrous, pregnancy rates and the interval to onset of estrous were similar among groups in the study (p>0.05). It was concluded that intravaginal sponge treatments increased bacterial counts, but this increase returned normal values at estrous time. Changes in the number of vaginal flora were not different statistically in the antibiotic added and not added sponge treatment groups at sponge withdrawal and estrous time. Antibiotic administrations to sponge prevented bacterial growth by fist days of sponge treatment. However, this did not affect bacterial count and reproductive response on the day of estrous.Öğe Estrous Synchronization with Used CIDR-G Devices in Ewes During Non-Breeding Season(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2009) Gungor, Orsan; Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Pancarci, Suekrue Metin; Kaya, Mehmet; Zonturlu, Abuzer Kafar; Oral, Hasan; Cetin, YunusThe objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of used controlled internal drug release devices (CIDR-G) on estrous synchronization in ewes. This investigation was conducted in 58 fat-tailed ewes during the non-breeding season. Ewes were divided in to four groups. In Group I, CIDR-G devices were inserted to vagina for 12 d (CIDR group). In Group II, previously used CIDR-G devices were inserted into the vagina for 12 d (U-CIDR). After the intravaginal devices had been removed 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) into ewes of the CIDR and U-CIDR groups. Ewes in Group III (eCG group), 500 IU eCG was injected im. Ewes in Group IV, served as control and received an injection of 3 mL 0.9% NaCl ( C Group). None of the control ewes expressed estrus. It was found that, 13/15 (86.67%), 10/15 (66.67%) and 1/13 (7.69%) ewes expressed estrus in CIDR, U-CIDR and eCG groups, respectively. The pregnancy rates in the CIDR, U-CIDR and eCG groups were 8/15 (53.33%), 9/15 (60%) and 1/13 ( 7.69%) at first breeding, respectively. The interval from eCG application to onset of estrus was 42.6+/-1.01, 40.13+/-1.35 and 74 h in the CIDR, U-CIDR and eCG groups, respectively. Average progesterone (P4) levels during P4 treatment were 3.28+/-0.28 and 2.62+/-0.14 ng/ml in the CIDR and U-CIDR groups, respectively. It is concluded that, CIDR-G that have been previously used for 12 d could be used for the synchroniation of estrus in ewes during non-breeding season.Öğe Evaluation of vaginal smears, and progesterone and relaxin levels in pregnant, and overt and covert pseudopregnant bitches(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2006) Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Ay, Serhan S.; Alacam, ErolProgesterone and relaxin levels, vaginal smears, and physical differences were evaluated in pregnant, overt pseudopregnant, and covert pseudopregnant bitches. The study included 30 bitches of various breeds, aged 3-12 years and 20 +/- 2 kg in body weight, that were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. Bitches in group 1 were in the last trimester of pregnancy. Group 2 contained overt pseudopregnant bitches and group 3 consisted of covert pseudopregnant and late dioestrus (between 40 and 60 days of dioestrus) bitches without any signs of overt pseudopregnancy. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and vaginal smear examinations were performed, and cyclic stage or pregnancy was diagnosed. Qualitative relaxin and quantitative progesterone levels were assayed in blood samples. The evaluation of the vaginal smears of groups 2 and 3 revealed that basal, parabasal, and intermediate epithelial cells were present in greater quantity than superficial cells. The results of the vaginal smears of groups 2 and 3 were statistically similar. Moreover, the difference between group 1 and the other groups was statistically significant. While mean progesterone values of groups 2 and 3 were similar, the progesterone level of group 1 was statistically higher than that of groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.01). Qualitative relaxin test results (ReproCHEK (R)) were positive in the pregnant bitches and negative in the covert and overt pseudopregnant bitches. Taking into account the higher plasma progesterone concentration in bitches after the 40(th) day of pregnancy, progesterone level can be used to detect pregnancy; however, concentrations of serum progesterone in pregnant bitches after the 40(th) day of pregnancy are of minor clinical importance in the diagnosis of pregnancy. It has been shown that relaxin levels are present in the blood of pregnant bitches. Relaxin was not seen in the blood of overt or covert pseudopregnant bitches.Öğe IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALISATION OF OESTROGEN AND EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS OF THE BITCH UTERUS IN THE SEXUAL CYCLE(Natl Veterinary Research Inst, 2010) Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Sagsoz, Hakan; Saruhan, Berna Guney; Zonturlu, Abuzer Kaffar; Ketani, Muzaffer Aydin; Akbalik, Mehmet ErdemThe localisation of oestrogen (ER) and epidermal growth Factor receptors (EGFR) in the various cell types of the bitch uterine was determined. In this study, 23 adult, healthy crossbred bitches brought to the clinic for ovariohisterectomy were used. ER and EGFR positive staining was detected in all cell types of the uterus. A distinct staining was seen in the luminal and glandular epithelium; while stromal and myometrial cells showed weak or moderate staining. The endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the vessels in the endometrium and myometrium sometimes appeared positive. No staining was observed in the mesothelium. The results of this study suggested that ER and EGFR were expressed at various levels in different cell types of bitch uterus. In light of the previous studies, and data of the presented investigations, it may be necesssary to elicit the harmonious proliferation and differentiation of epithelial and stromal cells that are considered essential for the preparation of the uterus for implantation.Öğe Investigation of Some Biochemical Parameters and Mineral Substance During Pregnancy and Postpartum Period in Awassi Ewes(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2009) Gurgoze, Sema Yaralioglu; Zonturlu, Abuzer Kafar; Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Icen, HasanThe aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of the reproductive status on the serum chemistry and mineral substance in Awassi ewes at 21, 120 and 145 days of pregnancy and 7 and 14 days postpartum. All blood profiles were determined in 20 healthy pregnant Awassi ewes. Serum urea, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) were higher in pregnancy while serum glucose, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), P and Ca levels were higher in lactation. Neither the pregnancy nor the lactation effected AST, LDH, Fe and Mg levels. Lower (P<0.001) serum glucose levels were recorded on days 21, 120 and 145 of pregnancy, compared to days 7 and 14 postpartum. Blood total protein levels (P<0.01) decreased, while total bilirubin and direct bilirubin (P<0.01) increased, especially at 120 days of pregnancy. Serum urea (P<0.001) and ALT (P<0.05) levels increased on day 21 of pregnancy, compared with any other stages of gestation and days 7 and 14 postpartum. While serum CK (P<0.01) and albumin (P<0.001) levels were significantly higher on day 145 of gestation, serum ALP (P<0.05), and creatinine (P<0.001) levels were higher at 14 day postpartum. Although without statistical significance, the highest LDH concentration was found in the lactation periods. The mean level of serum Ca at 14 days postpartum was significantly (P<0.001) higher than prepartum period. The highest Mg levels were found at 14 days postpartum. Serum P levels were lower at 120 days of gestation and were higher 14 days postpartum. A gradual increase in serum Fe levels was recorded during pregnancy when compared to day 7 and 14 postpartum but it was not statistical significance. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that serum glucose, creatinine, urea, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, ALT, CK, ALP, Ca and P concentrations of the ewes similarly fed, could alter depending on gestation period and parturition which have to be taken in to consideration for the correct interpretation of serum chemistry and elements status.
